Famous people on Czech-republic's street names

Jan Hus

208 Jan Hus, sometimes anglicized as John Hus or John Huss, and referred to in historical texts as Iohannes Hus or Johannes Huss, was a Czech theologian and philosopher who became a Church reformer and the inspiration of Hussitism, a key predecessor to Protestantism, and a seminal figure in the Bohemian Reformation. Hus is considered to be the first Church reformer, even though some designate the theorist John Wycliffe. His teachings had a strong influence, most immediately in the approval of a reformed Bohemian religious denomination and, over a century later, on Martin Luther.

John Amos Comenius

203 John Amos Comenius was a Moravian philosopher, pedagogue and theologian who is considered the father of modern education. He served as the last bishop of the Unity of the Brethren before becoming a religious refugee and one of the earliest champions of universal education, a concept eventually set forth in his book Didactica Magna. As an educator and theologian, he led schools and advised governments across Protestant Europe through the middle of the seventeenth century.

Tomáš Masaryk

172 Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was a Czechoslovak statesman, progressive political activist and philosopher who served as the first president of Czechoslovakia from 1918 to 1935. He is regarded as the founding father of Czechoslovakia.

Miroslav Tyrš

161 Miroslav Tyrš was a Czech philosopher, art historian, sports organizer and together with Jindřich Fügner the cofounder of the Sokol movement.

Jan Žižka

150 Jan Žižka z Trocnova a Kalicha was a Czech general who was a contemporary and follower of Jan Hus and a Radical Hussite and led the Taborites. Žižka was a successful military leader and is now a Czech national hero. He was nicknamed "One-eyed Žižka", having lost one and then both eyes. Jan Žižka led Hussite forces against three crusades and never lost a single battle although he was completely blind in his last stages of life.

Karel Havlíček Borovský

143 Karel Havlíček Borovský was a Czech writer, poet, critic, politician, journalist, and publisher.   

Alois Jirásek

143 Alois Jirásek was a Czech writer, author of historical novels and plays. Jirásek was a high school history teacher in Litomyšl and later in Prague until his retirement in 1909. He wrote a series of historical novels imbued with faith in his nation and in progress toward freedom and justice. He was close to many important Czech personalities like Mikoláš Aleš, Josef Václav Sládek, Karel Václav Rais or Zdeněk Nejedlý. He attended an art club in Union Cafe with them. He worked as an editor in Zvon magazine and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1918, 1919, 1921 and 1930.

František Palacký

139 František Palacký was a Czech historian and politician, the most influential person of the Czech National Revival, called "Father of the Nation".

Bedřich Smetana

136 Bedřich Smetana was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his people's aspirations to a cultural and political "revival". He has been regarded in his homeland as the father of Czech music. Internationally he is best known for his 1866 opera The Bartered Bride and for the symphonic cycle Má vlast, which portrays the history, legends and landscape of the composer's native Bohemia. It contains the famous symphonic poem "Vltava", also popularly known by its German name "Die Moldau".

Jan Neruda

117 Jan Nepomuk Neruda was a Czech journalist, writer, poet and art critic; one of the most prominent representatives of Czech Realism and a member of the "May School".

Božena Němcová

117 Božena Němcová was a Czech writer of the final phase of the Czech National Revival movement.       

Petr Bezruč

111 Petr Bezruč was the pseudonym of Vladimír Vašek, a Czech poet and short story writer who was associated with the region of Austrian Silesia.

Svatopluk Čech

95 Svatopluk Čech was a Czech writer, journalist and poet.                                             

Antonín Dvořák

95 Antonín Leopold Dvořák was a Czech composer. Dvořák frequently employed rhythms and other aspects of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia, following the Romantic-era nationalist example of his predecessor Bedřich Smetana. Dvořák's style has been described as "the fullest recreation of a national idiom with that of the symphonic tradition, absorbing folk influences and finding effective ways of using them," and Dvořák has been described as "arguably the most versatile... composer of his time".

Karel Hynek Mácha

84 Karel Hynek Mácha was a Czech romantic poet.                                                       

Josef Kajetán Tyl

78 Josef Kajetán Tyl was a significant Czech dramatist, writer, and actor. He was a notable figure in the Czech National Revival movement and is best known as the author of the current national anthem of the Czech Republic titled Kde domov můj?.

Jaroslav Vrchlický

71 Jaroslav Vrchlický was a Czech lyrical poet. He was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature eight times.

Josef Mánes

66 Josef Mánes was a Czech painter.                                                                   

Ludvík Svoboda

65 Ludvík Svoboda was a Czech general and politician. He fought in both World Wars, for which he was regarded as a national hero, and he later served as the president of Czechoslovakia from 1968 to 1975.

George of Poděbrady

64 George of Kunštát and Poděbrady, also known as Poděbrad or Podiebrad, was the sixteenth King of Bohemia, who ruled in 1458–1471. He was a leader of the Hussites, but moderate and tolerant toward the Catholic faith. His rule was marked by great efforts to preserve peace and tolerance between the Hussites and Catholics in the religiously divided Crown of Bohemia – hence his contemporary nicknames: "King of two peoples" and "Friend of peace".

Josef Jungmann

59 Josef Jungmann was a Czech poet and linguist, and a leading figure of the Czech National Revival. Together with Josef Dobrovský, he is considered to be a creator of the modern Czech language. The literary award for the best translation into Czech is named after him.

Karel Čapek

56 Karel Čapek was a Czech writer, playwright, critic and journalist. He has become best known for his science fiction, including his novel War with the Newts (1936) and play R.U.R., which introduced the word robot. He also wrote many politically charged works dealing with the social turmoil of his time. Influenced by American pragmatic liberalism, he campaigned in favor of free expression and strongly opposed the rise of both fascism and communism in Europe.

Jiří Wolker

54 Jiří Wolker was a Czech poet, journalist and playwright. He was one of the founding members of KSČ - Communist Party of Czechoslovakia - in 1921.

Ján Kollár

54 Ján Kollár was a Slovak writer, archaeologist, scientist, Lutheran pastor, politician, and main ideologist of Pan-Slavism.

Lale Sokolov

48 Ludwig Sokolov, was an Austro-Hungarian-born Slovak-Australian businessman and Holocaust survivor. 

Mikoláš Aleš

48 Mikoláš Aleš was a Czech painter. Aleš is estimated to have had over 5,000 published pictures; he painted for everything from magazines to playing cards to textbooks. His paintings were not publicized too widely outside Bohemia, but many of them are still available, and he is regarded as one of the Czech Republic's greatest artists.

Prokop the Great

46 Prokop the Great or Prokop the Bald or the Shaven was a Czech Hussite general and a prominent Taborite military leader during the Hussite Wars. On his mother's side, he came from a German patrician family living in Prague.

Jan Šverma

45 Jan Šverma was a Czech journalist, communist activist and resistance fighter against the Nazi-backed Slovak State. Šverma was considered a national hero in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.

Edvard Beneš

44 Edvard Beneš was a Czech politician and statesman who served as the president of Czechoslovakia from 1935 to 1938, and again from 1939 to 1948. During the first six years of his second stint, he led the Czechoslovak government-in-exile during World War II.

Zdeněk Fibich

44 Zdeněk Fibich was a Czech composer of classical music. Among his compositions are chamber works, symphonic poems, three symphonies, at least seven operas, melodramas including the substantial trilogy Hippodamia, liturgical music including a mass – a missa brevis; and a large cycle of piano works called Moods, Impressions, and Reminiscences. The piano cycle served as a diary of sorts of his love for a piano pupil, and one of the pieces formed the basis for the short instrumental work Poème, for which Fibich is best remembered today.

Vítězslav Hálek

43 Vítězslav Hálek was a Czech poet, writer, journalist, dramatist and theatre critic.                 

Jindřich Fügner

43 Jindřich Fügner was co-founder and the first starosta (leader) of the Czech sport organization Sokol.

Jan Evangelista Purkyně

41 Jan Evangelista Purkyně was a Czech anatomist and physiologist. In 1839, he coined the term "protoplasma" for the fluid substance of a cell. He was one of the best known scientists of his time. Such was his fame that when people from outside Europe wrote letters to him, all that they needed to put as the address was "Purkyně, Europe".

Josef Dobrovský

41 Josef Dobrovský was a Czech philologist and historian, one of the most important figures of the Czech National Revival along with Josef Jungmann.

Leoš Janáček

40 Leoš Janáček was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist, and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic music, including Eastern European folk music, to create an original, modern musical style.

Petr Chelčický

37 Petr Chelčický was a Czech Christian spiritual leader and author in the 15th century Bohemia, now the Czech Republic. He was one of the most influential thinkers of the Bohemian Reformation. Petr Chelčický inspired the Unitas Fratrum, who opposed transubstantiation and monasticism, insisting on pacifism and the primacy of scripture. There are multiple parallels with the teachings of the Anabaptists and Petr Chelčický. Czech Baptists have also expressed continuity with the Bohemian reformation by identifying with Petr Chelčický.

Stanislav Kostka Neumann

36 Stanislav Kostka Neumann was Czech writer, poet, literary critic and journalist.                   

Otakar Jaroš

36 Otakar Jaroš was a Czech officer in the Czechoslovak forces in the Soviet Union. He was killed in the Battle of Sokolovo and became the first member of a foreign army decorated with the highest Soviet decoration, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Milan Rastislav Štefánik

35 Milan Rastislav Štefánik was a Slovak politician, diplomat, aviator and astronomer. During World War I, he served at the same time as a general in the French Army and as Minister of War for Czechoslovakia. As one of the leading members of the Czechoslovak National Council, he contributed decisively to the cause of Czechoslovak sovereignty, since the status of Czech- and Slovak-populated territories was one of those in question until shortly before the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in 1918.

František Ladislav Rieger

35 František Ladislav Rieger was a Czech politician and publicist made famous for his leadership of the early Czech nationalist movement.

Karel Jaromír Erben

34 Karel Jaromír Erben was a Czech folklorist and poet of the mid-19th century, best known for his collection Kytice, which contains poems based on traditional and folkloric themes.

Josef Suk (composer)

32 Josef Suk was a Czech composer and violinist. He studied under Antonín Dvořák, whose daughter he married.

Karel Václav Rais

31 Karel Václav Rais was a Czech realist novelist, author of the so-called country prose, numerous books for youth and children, and several poems.

Vladislav Vančura

31 Vladislav Vančura was a Czech writer. He was also active as a film director, playwright and screenwriter. He was murdered by the Nazis.

Jaroslav Seifert

30 Jaroslav Seifert was a Czech writer, poet and journalist. Seifert was awarded the 1984 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man".

Julius Fučík (journalist)

29 Julius Fučík was a Czech journalist, critic, writer, and active member of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. For his part at the forefront of the anti-Nazi resistance during the Second World War, he was imprisoned and tortured by the Gestapo in Prague, and executed in Berlin. While in prison, Fučík recorded his interrogation experiences on small pieces of paper, which were smuggled out and published after the war as Notes from the Gallows. The book established Fučík as a symbol of resistance to oppression, as well as an icon of communist propaganda.

Vítězslav Nezval

28 Vítězslav Nezval was a Czech poet, writer and translator. He was one of the most prolific avant-garde Czech writers in the first half of the 20th century and a co-founder of the Surrealist movement in Czechoslovakia.

Otokar Březina

27 Václav Jebavý ; mostly known by his pen name of Otokar or Otakar Březina ; was a Czech poet and essayist, considered the greatest of Czech Symbolists.

Pavel Jozef Šafárik

27 Pavel Jozef Šafárik was an ethnic Slovak philologist, poet, literary historian, historian and ethnographer in the Kingdom of Hungary. He was one of the first scientific Slavists.

Jerome of Prague

27 Jerome of Prague was a Czech scholastic philosopher and theologian. Jerome was one of the chief followers of Jan Hus and was burned for heresy at the Council of Constance.

Karolina Světlá

26 Karolina Světlá was a Czech female author of the 19th century. She was associated with the literary May School. She married Professor Petr Mužák (1821–1892) in 1852, who had taught her music. She also had an affair with Jan Neruda. She introduced Eliška Krásnohorská to literature and feminism. She edited the magazine Ženské listy which was established by Krásnohorská in 1873.

František Čelakovský

26 František Ladislav Čelakovský was a Czech poet, translator, linguist, and literary critic. He was a major figure in the Czech "national revival". His most notable works are Ohlas písní ruských and Ohlas písní českých.

František Křižík

26 František Křižík was a Czech inventor, electrical engineer, and entrepreneur.                       

Ottokar II of Bohemia

25 Ottokar II, the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until his death in 1278. He also held the titles of Margrave of Moravia from 1247, Duke of Austria from 1251, and Duke of Styria from 1260, as well as Duke of Carinthia and landgrave of Carniola from 1269.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

25 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. He was a member of the Democratic Party and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. His initial two terms were centered on combating the Great Depression, while his third and fourth saw him shift his focus to America's involvement in World War II.

Jan Opletal

24 Jan Opletal was a student of the Medical Faculty of the Charles University in Prague, who was shot at a Czechoslovak Independence Day rally on 28 October 1939. He was severely injured at this anti-Nazi demonstration against the German occupation of Czechoslovakia and died two weeks later.

Eliška Krásnohorská

24 Eliška Krásnohorská was a Czech feminist author. She was introduced to literature and feminism by Karolína Světlá. She wrote works of lyric poetry and literary criticism, however, she is usually associated with children's literature and translations, including works by Pushkin, Mickiewicz and Byron.

Jindřich Šimon Baar

22 Jindřich Šimon Baar was a Czech Catholic priest and writer, realist, author of the so-called country prose. He joined the Czech Catholic modern style, but later severed the ties with that movement. As writer, he emphasized traditional moral values of the countryside.

Josef Václav Sládek

22 Josef Václav Sládek was a Czech poet, journalist and translator, member of the literary group Lumírovci, pioneer of children's poetry in Czech lands.

Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia

20 Wenceslaus I, Wenceslas I or Václav the Good was the Prince (kníže) of Bohemia from 921 until his death, probably in 935. According to the legend, he was assassinated by his younger brother, Boleslaus the Cruel.

Jan Sladký Kozina

20 Jan Sladký Kozina was the Czech revolutionary leader of the Chodové peasant rebellion at the end of the 17th century.

Karel Klostermann

20 Karel Klostermann was a Czech-German writer. He wrote under the alias Faustin.                     

Josef Lada

19 Josef Lada was a Czech painter, illustrator and writer. He is best known as the illustrator of Jaroslav Hašek's World War I novel The Good Soldier Švejk, having won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1963.

Maxim Gorky

19 Alexei Maximovich Peshkov, popularly known as Maxim Gorky, was a Russian and Soviet writer and socialism proponent. He was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Before his success as an author, he travelled widely across the Russian Empire changing jobs frequently, experiences which would later influence his writing.

Ivan Olbracht

18 Ivan Olbracht, born Kamil Zeman was a Czech censor, writer, journalist and translator of German prose.

František Škroup

18 František Jan Škroup was a Czech composer and conductor. His brother Jan Nepomuk Škroup was also a successful composer and his father, Dominik Škroup, and other brother Ignác Škroup were lesser known composers.

Josef Hybeš

18 Josef Hybeš byl rakouský, český a československý sociálně demokratický politik a novinář. Již v mládí organizoval v oblasti Vídně a na jižní Moravě dělnické hnutí a stávky textilních dělníků. Za Rakouska-Uherska byl jedním z prvních sociálně demokratických poslanců Říšské rady, po vzniku republiky poslancem Revolučního národního shromáždění a Národního shromáždění ČSR, který se koncem života přiklonil k nově vzniklé Komunistické straně Československa.

Fráňa Šrámek

17 Fráňa Šrámek was a Czech impressionist and vitalist poet, novelist, playwright and anarchist.       

Václav Brožík

17 Václav Brožík was a Czech painter who worked in the academic style.                                 

Jan Želivský

16 Jan Želivský was a prominent Czech priest during the Hussite Reformation.                           

Ján Nálepka

15 Ján Nálepka was a Slovak captain who organized and led an anti-fascist Slovak partisan detachment in the Soviet Union during World War II.

Karel Sladkovský

14 Karel Sladkovský byl český novinář a politik, během revolučního roku 1848 představitel radikálních českých demokratů. Pozdějí byl vězněn, po roce 1860 opět aktivní politik, poslanec Českého zemského sněmu a Říšské rady, od roku 1874 předák mladočeské strany.

Brothers Čapek

14 The Brothers Čapek were Josef and Karel Čapek, Czech writers who sometimes wrote together. They are commemorated both for their literary/artistic works and political activism against oppressive government. Their house is now a cultural monument of the Czech Republic, and there are various memorials to them. Their most famous joint work is the play Pictures from the Insects' Life, a humorous political allegory.

Josef Václav Myslbek

14 Josef Václav Myslbek was a Czech sculptor and medalist credited with founding the modern Czech sculpting style.

Yuri Gagarin

14 Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who, aboard the first successful crewed spaceflight, became the first human to journey into outer space. Travelling on Vostok 1, Gagarin completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961, with his flight taking 108 minutes. By achieving this major milestone for the Soviet Union amidst the Space Race, he became an international celebrity and was awarded many medals and titles, including the nation's highest distinction: Hero of the Soviet Union.

Milada Horáková

14 Milada Horáková was a Czech politician and a member of the underground resistance movement during World War II. She was a victim of judicial murder, convicted and executed by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia on fabricated charges of conspiracy and treason. Many prominent figures in the West, including Albert Einstein, Vincent Auriol, Eleanor Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, petitioned for her life.

Julius Zeyer

13 Julius Zeyer was a Czech prose writer, poet, and playwright.                                       

Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor

13 Charles IV, also known as Charles of Luxembourg, born Wenceslaus, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1355 until his death in 1378. He was elected King of Germany in 1346 and became King of Bohemia that same year. He was a member of the House of Luxembourg from his father's side and the Bohemian House of Přemyslid from his mother's side; he emphasized the latter due to his lifelong affinity for the Bohemian side of his inheritance, and also because his direct ancestors in the Přemyslid line included two saints.

Jan Palach

13 Jan Palach was a Czech student of history and political economics at Charles University in Prague. His self-immolation was a political protest against the end of the Prague Spring resulting from the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Warsaw Pact armies.

Marie Majerová

13 Marie Majerová was a Czech writer and translator.                                                   

Eduard Vojan

12 Eduard Vojan was a Czech actor of early cinema.                                                     

Max Švabinský

12 Max Švabinský was a Czech painter, draughtsman, graphic artist, and professor in Academy of Graphic Arts in Prague. Švabinský is considered one of the more notable artists in the history of Czech painting and produced significant work during the first half of the 20th century. He was relatively unusual among modernist artists in that his work was accepted by the communist regime; this was due at least in part to his having formed his artistic personality prior to 1900, prior to the advent of cubism. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

Alexander Pushkin

12 Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era. He is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet, as well as the founder of modern Russian literature.

Václav Kliment Klicpera

12 Václav Kliment Klicpera was a Czech playwright, writer, and poet. He was one of the first presenters of Czech drama, and was especially influential in the foundation of comedic Czech theatre.

Peter Jilemnický

12 Peter Jilemnický was a Slovak writer, journalist, educator and Communist politician of Czech origin.

Jan Blahoslav

12 Jan Blahoslav was a Czech humanistic writer, poet, translator, etymologist, hymnographer, grammarian, music theorist and composer. He was a Unity of the Brethren bishop, and translated the New Testament into Czech in 1564. This was incorporated into the Bible of Kralice.

Bohuslav Martinů

11 Bohuslav Jan Martinů was a Czech composer of modern classical music. He wrote 6 symphonies, 15 operas, 14 ballet scores and a large body of orchestral, chamber, vocal and instrumental works. He became a violinist in the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, and briefly studied under Czech composer and violinist Josef Suk. After leaving Czechoslovakia in 1923 for Paris, Martinů deliberately withdrew from the Romantic style in which he had been trained. During the 1920s he experimented with modern French stylistic developments, exemplified by his orchestral works Half-time and La Bagarre. He also adopted jazz idioms, for instance in his Kitchen Revue.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

10 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition resulted in more than 800 works representing virtually every Western classical genre of his time. Many of these compositions are acknowledged as pinnacles of the symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral repertoire. Mozart is widely regarded as being one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music, with his music admired for its "melodic beauty, its formal elegance and its richness of harmony and texture".

Alphonse Mucha

10 Alfons Maria Mucha, known internationally as Alphonse Mucha, was a Czech painter, illustrator, and graphic artist. Living in Paris during the Art Nouveau period, he was widely known for his distinctly stylized and decorative theatrical posters, particularly those of Sarah Bernhardt. He produced illustrations, advertisements, decorative panels, as well as designs, which became among the best-known images of the period.

Petr Brandl

10 Petr Brandl was a Czech painter of the late Baroque in the bilingual Kingdom of Bohemia. Brandl was the sixth child in a Czech-German family. His father, Michal Brandl, worked as a tailor and was of German ancestry. His mother, Alžběta Hrbková, was Czech from a peasant family in the south Bohemian village of Přestanice.

Josef Hora

10 Josef Hora was a Czechoslovak poet, literary critic and journalist.                                 

Antonín Benjamin Svojsík

9 Antonín Benjamin Svojsík was a Czech pedagogue. He was the founder of the Czechoslovak Scouting organization Junák.

Matěj Kopecký

9 Matěj Kopecký was a Czech puppeteer. For six generations his descendants followed the art of puppeteering.

Josef Thomayer

8 Josef Thomayer byl český lékař – profesor vnitřního lékařství, jeden ze zakladatelů české lékařské vědy. Velkou měrou se zasloužil o zlepšení podmínek na českých klinikách. Jde o tvůrce českého lékařského názvosloví a autora populárně-vědeckých knih z oblasti lékařství, podílel se na založení odborných lékařských časopisů. Vedle svého povolání se zabýval literární tvorbou, psal beletrii, cestopisné fejetony a črty do časopisů. Své beletristické práce publikoval pod pseudonymem R. E. Jamot.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

8 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German polymath and writer, who is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a profound and wide-ranging influence on Western literary, political, and philosophical thought from the late 18th century to the present day. Goethe was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry and aesthetic criticism, as well as treatises on botany, anatomy, and color.

Pavel Křížkovský

8 Pavel Křížkovský was a Czech choral composer and conductor.                                         

Prokop Diviš

8 Prokop Diviš O.Praem. was a Czech canon regular, theologian and natural scientist. In an attempt to prevent thunderstorms from occurring, he inadvertently constructed one of the first grounded lightning rods.

Bolesław I the Brave

8 Bolesław I the Brave, less often known as Bolesław the Great, was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025. He was also Duke of Bohemia between 1003 and 1004 as Boleslaus IV. A member of the ancient Piast dynasty, Bolesław was a capable monarch and a strong mediator in Central European affairs. He continued to proselytise Western Christianity among his subjects and raised Poland to the rank of a kingdom, thus becoming the first Polish ruler to hold the title of rex, Latin for king.

Franz Kafka

7 Franz Kafka was a German-speaking Bohemian Jewish novelist and writer from Prague. He is widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It typically features isolated protagonists facing bizarre or surrealistic predicaments and incomprehensible socio-bureaucratic powers. It has been interpreted as exploring themes of alienation, existential anxiety, guilt, and absurdity. His best known works include the novella The Metamorphosis and novels The Trial and The Castle. The term Kafkaesque has entered English to describe absurd situations like those depicted in his writing.

Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav

7 Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav was a Slovak poet, dramatist, translator, and for a short time, member of the Czechoslovak parliament. Originally, he wrote in a traditional style, but later became influenced by parnassism and modernism.

Bohumír Šmeral

7 Bohumír Šmeral was a Czech politician, leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party, and one of the founders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.

Jaroslav Ježek (composer)

7 Jaroslav Ježek was a Czech composer, pianist and conductor, author of jazz, classical, incidental and film music.

Otakar Ševčík

7 Otakar Ševčík was a Czech violinist and influential teacher. He was known as a soloist and an ensemble player, including his occasional performances with Eugène Ysaÿe.

Vít Nejedlý

7 Vít Nejedlý byl český hudební skladatel, dirigent, publicista, redaktor a muzikolog, syn hudebního vědce a politika Zdeňka Nejedlého.

Jaroslav Heyrovský

7 Jaroslav Heyrovský was a Czech chemist and inventor. Heyrovský was the inventor of the polarographic method, father of the electroanalytical method, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in 1959 for his invention and development of the polarographic methods of analysis. His main field of work was polarography.

Bořivoj I, Duke of Bohemia

6 Bořivoj I was the first historically documented Duke of Bohemia and progenitor of the Přemyslid dynasty. His reign over the Duchy of Bohemia is believed to have started about the year 870, but in this era Bohemia was subordinated to Great Moravia. One of the most important clues to the approximate time of his accession is the contemporary Frankish chronicle Annales Fuldenses, which mentions several West Slavic princes in the year 872, among them one Goriwei, who may be identical with Bořivoj.

Carl Borivoj Presl

6 Carl Borivoj Presl was a Czech botanist.                                                           

Přemyslid dynasty

6 The Přemyslid dynasty or House of Přemysl was a Bohemian royal dynasty that reigned in the Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia and Margraviate of Moravia, as well as in parts of Poland, Hungary and Austria.

Ladislav Stroupežnický

6 Ladislav Stroupežnický was a Czech author, playwright, and dramatist, best known for the frequently staged play Naši furianti.

Karl Burian (Offizier)

6 Karl Burian war ein österreichischer Offizier. Als legitimistischer Widerstandskämpfer verlor er sein Leben im Kampf gegen den Nationalsozialismus.

Jan Roháč of Dubá

6 Jan Roháč of Dubá was a Bohemian Hussite general who originated in the Bohemian gentry.             

Neklan

6 Neklan was the sixth of the seven Bohemian mythical princes between the founder of the Přemyslid dynasty Přemysl the Ploughman and the first historical prince Bořivoj. The names of the princes were first recorded in Cosmas chronicle and then transmitted into the most of historical books of the 19th century including František Palacký's The History of the Czech Nation in Bohemia and Moravia. According to the Chronicle of Dalimil, Neklan had two sons, Hostivít and Děpolt.

Jan Valerián Jirsík

6 Jan Valerián Jirsík was a Roman Catholic clergyman, who was appointed the fourth Bishop of České Budějovice in 1851.

Adam Mickiewicz

6 Adam Bernard Mickiewicz was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator and political activist. He is regarded as national poet in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. He also largely influenced Ukrainian literature. A principal figure in Polish Romanticism, he is one of Poland's "Three Bards" and is widely regarded as Poland's greatest poet. He is also considered one of the greatest Slavic and European poets and has been dubbed a "Slavic bard". A leading Romantic dramatist, he has been compared in Poland and Europe to Byron and Goethe.

George Voskovec

5 Jiří Voskovec, born Jiří Wachsmann and known in the United States as George Voskovec was a Czech-American actor. Throughout much of his career, he was associated with actor and playwright Jan Werich. In the U.S., he is known for his role as the polite Juror #11 in the 1957 film 12 Angry Men.

Emmy Destinn

5 Emmy Destinn was a Czech operatic dramatic soprano. She had a career both in Europe and at the New York Metropolitan Opera. She was one of the greatest opera singers of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Arthur Adamov

5 Arthur Adamov was a playwright, one of the foremost exponents of the Theatre of the Absurd.         

František Hrubín

5 František Hrubín was a Czech poet and writer.                                                       

Antonín Jaroslav Puchmajer

5 Antonín Jaroslav Puchmajer byl český spisovatel, básník, překladatel, vlastenecký kněz a první český romista.

Alois Eliáš

5 Alois Eliáš was a Czech general and politician. He served as prime minister of the puppet government of the German-occupied Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia from 27 April 1939 to 27 September 1941 but maintained contact with the government-in-exile. Because of his participation in the anti-Nazi resistance, he was the only head of government who was murdered by the Nazis during World War II.

Jan Zajíc

4 Jan Zajíc was a Czech student who killed himself by self-immolation as a political protest.         

Louis Pasteur

4 Louis Pasteur was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the last of which was named after him. His research in chemistry led to remarkable breakthroughs in the understanding of the causes and preventions of diseases, which laid down the foundations of hygiene, public health and much of modern medicine. Pasteur's works are credited with saving millions of lives through the developments of vaccines for rabies and anthrax. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern bacteriology and has been honored as the "father of bacteriology" and the "father of microbiology".

Ludwig van Beethoven

4 Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music. Beethoven's career has conventionally been divided into early, middle, and late periods. His early period, during which he forged his craft, is typically considered to have lasted until 1802. From 1802 to around 1812, his middle period showed an individual development from the styles of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and is sometimes characterized as heroic. During this time, he began to grow increasingly deaf. In his late period, from 1812 to 1827, he extended his innovations in musical form and expression.

Heliodor Píka

4 General Heliodor Píka was a Czechoslovak army officer who was the first Victim of judicial murder of the Czechoslovak Communist show trials.

Antal Stašek

4 Antal Stašek was a Czech writer and lawyer.                                                         

Karl Marx

4 Karl Marx was a German-born philosopher, economist, political theorist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His best-known works are the 1848 pamphlet The Communist Manifesto and the three-volume Das Kapital (1867–1894); the latter employs his critical approach of historical materialism in an analysis of capitalism and is the culmination of his intellectual efforts. Marx's ideas and theories and their subsequent development, collectively known as Marxism, have exerted enormous influence on modern intellectual, economic and political history.

Jan Masaryk

4 Jan Garrigue Masaryk was a Czech diplomat and politician who served as the Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia from 1940 to 1948. American journalist John Gunther described Masaryk as "a brave, honest, turbulent, and impulsive man".

Jára Cimrman

4 Jára Cimrman or Jára da Cimrman, also known as "the Master", is a fictional Czech polymath, created by Ladislav Smoljak, Jiří Šebánek and Zdeněk Svěrák. The fictional personality is presented as a universal genius, and one of the greatest Czech playwrights, poets, composers, teachers, travellers, philosophers, inventors, detectives, mathematicians, and sportsmen of the 19th and early 20th century. Playing along with the pretence of his real existence is part of his characterization.

Zdeněk Nejedlý

4 Zdeněk Nejedlý was a Czech musicologist, historian, music critic, author, and politician whose ideas dominated the cultural life of what is now the Czech Republic for most of the twentieth century. Although he started out merely reviewing operas in Prague newspapers in 1901, by the interwar period his status had risen, guided primarily by socialist and later Communist political views. This combination of left wing politics and cultural leadership made him a central figure in the early years of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic after 1948, where he became the first Minister of Culture and Education. In this position he was responsible for creating a statewide education curriculum, and was associated with the early 1950s expulsion of university professors.

František Sokol-Tůma

3 František Sokol-Tůma, byl český spisovatel, novinář a dramatik.                                     

Jindřich Plachta

3 Jindřich Plachta, born Jindřich Šolle was a Czechoslovak film actor. He appeared in more than 100 films between 1926 and 1951.

Bartholomew the Apostle

3 Bartholomew was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Most scholars today identify Bartholomew as Nathanael or Nathaniel, who appears in the Gospel of John.

Marie Kudeříková

3 Marie Kudeříková was a student active in the Czech resistance to Nazi occupation during World War II. In 1941 she was arrested by Gestapo and at a subsequent trial she was sentenced to death. She was executed in 1943. While in prison, she wrote 32 letters, later published under the title "Zlomky života: listy z vězení". Kudeříková was a sympathizer of communist ideas and the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia later used her legacy as its propaganda tool. Her life story was featured in the film And Give My Love to the Swallows by the Czech director Jaromil Jireš.

Artuš Scheiner

3 Artuš or Artur Scheiner was a prolific Bohemian painter, decorative artist, and illustrator, known best for his precise gouache drawing, mostly in secessional style. He produced many paintings, illustrations, advertisements, postcards and designs.

Alexander Suvorov

3 Count Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov-Rymniksky, Prince of Italy, was a Russian general and military theorist in the service of the Russian Empire.

Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor

3 Rudolf II was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He was a member of the House of Habsburg.

Elizabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)

3 Elizabeth of Bohemia was a princess of the Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty who became Queen of Bohemia as the first wife of King John the Blind. She was the mother of Emperor Charles IV, King of Bohemia, and a daughter of Judith of Habsburg, member of the House of Habsburg.

Frédéric Chopin

3 Frédéric François Chopin was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period, who wrote primarily for solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown as a leading musician of his era, one whose "poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation".

Jaroslav Stránský

3 Jaroslav Stránský byl český a československý prvorepublikový i poválečný politik, novinář a právník. Za druhé světové války i po roce 1948 působil v československém exilu.

Ivan Pavlov

3 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

3 Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, sometimes transliterated as Dostoyevsky, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist and journalist. Numerous literary critics regard him as one of the greatest novelists in all of world literature, as many of his works are considered highly influential masterpieces.

August Bebel

3 Ferdinand August Bebel was a German socialist politician, writer, and orator. He is best remembered as one of the founders of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP) in 1869, which in 1875 merged with the General German Workers' Association into the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD). During the repression under the terms of the Anti-Socialist Laws, Bebel became the leading figure of the social democratic movement in Germany and from 1892 until his death served as chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.

Heinrich Heine

3 Christian Johann Heinrich Heine was a German poet, writer and literary critic. He is best known outside Germany for his early lyric poetry, which was set to music in the form of Lieder by composers such as Robert Schumann and Franz Schubert. Heine's later verse and prose are distinguished by their satirical wit and irony. He is considered a member of the Young Germany movement. His radical political views led to many of his works being banned by German authorities—which, however, only added to his fame. He spent the last 25 years of his life as an expatriate in Paris.

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