Famous people on Italy's street names

Giuseppe Garibaldi

1098 Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi was an Italian general, patriot, revolutionary and republican. He contributed to Italian unification (Risorgimento) and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy. He is considered to be one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland", along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini. Garibaldi is also known as the "Hero of the Two Worlds" because of his military enterprises in South America and Europe.

Guglielmo Marconi

1070 Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi was an Italian inventor and electrical engineer, known for his creation of a practical radio wave–based wireless telegraph system. This led to Marconi's being credited as the inventor of radio, and he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy".

Giacomo Matteotti

867 Giacomo Matteotti was an Italian socialist politician. On 30 May 1924, he openly spoke in the Italian Parliament alleging the Italian fascists committed fraud in the 1924 Italian general election, and denounced the violence they used to gain votes. Eleven days later, he was kidnapped and killed by Fascists.

Giuseppe Mazzini

796 Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy (Risorgimento) and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the independent and unified Italy in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. An Italian nationalist in the historical radical tradition and a proponent of a republicanism of social-democratic inspiration, Mazzini helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state.

Dante Alighieri

778 Dante Alighieri, most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante, was an Italian poet, writer, and philosopher. His Divine Comedy, originally called Comedìa and later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio, is widely considered one of the most important poems of the Middle Ages and the greatest literary work in the Italian language.

Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour

616 Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri, generally known as the Count of Cavour or simply Cavour, was an Italian politician, businessman, economist and noble, and a leading figure in the movement towards Italian unification. He was one of the leaders of the Historical Right and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, a position he maintained throughout the Second Italian War of Independence and Giuseppe Garibaldi's campaigns to unite Italy. After the declaration of a united Kingdom of Italy, Cavour took office as the first Prime Minister of Italy; he died after only three months in office and did not live to see the Roman Question solved through the complete unification of the country after the Capture of Rome in 1870.

Giuseppe Verdi

583 Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi was an Italian composer best known for his operas. He was born near Busseto to a provincial family of moderate means, receiving a musical education with the help of a local patron, Antonio Barezzi. Verdi came to dominate the Italian opera scene after the era of Gioachino Rossini, Vincenzo Bellini, and Gaetano Donizetti, whose works significantly influenced him.

Antonio Gramsci

578 Antonio Francesco Gramsci was an Italian Marxist philosopher, linguist, journalist, writer, and politician. He wrote on philosophy, political theory, sociology, history, and linguistics. He was a founding member and one-time leader of the Italian Communist Party. A vocal critic of Benito Mussolini and fascism, he was imprisoned in 1926 where he remained until his death in 1937.

Aldo Moro

530 Aldo Romeo Luigi Moro was an Italian statesman and prominent member of Christian Democracy (DC) and its centre-left wing. He served as prime minister of Italy in five terms from December 1963 to June 1968 and from November 1974 to July 1976.

Cesare Battisti (politician)

525 Cesare Battisti was an Italian patriot, geographer, socialist politician and journalist of Austrian citizenship, who became a prominent Irredentist at the start of World War I.

Pope John XXIII

504 Pope John XXIII was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 1963.

Alcide De Gasperi

468 Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi was an Italian politician who founded the Christian Democracy party and served as prime minister of Italy in eight successive coalition governments from 1945 to 1953.

Alessandro Manzoni

465 Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Antonio Manzoni was an Italian poet, novelist and philosopher. He is famous for the novel The Betrothed (1827), generally ranked among the masterpieces of world literature. The novel is also a symbol of the Italian Risorgimento, both for its patriotic message and because it was a fundamental milestone in the development of the modern, unified Italian language. Manzoni also contributed to the stabilization of the modern Italian language and helped to ensure linguistic unity throughout Italy. He was an influential proponent of Liberal Catholicism in Italy. His work and thinking has often been contrasted with that of his younger contemporary Giacomo Leopardi by critics.

Victor Emmanuel II

447 Victor Emmanuel II was King of Sardinia from 23 March 1849 until 17 March 1861, when he assumed the title of King of Italy and became the first king of an independent, united Italy since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878. Borrowing from the old Latin title Pater Patriae of the Roman emperors, the Italians gave him the epithet of Father of the Fatherland.

Umberto I of Italy

426 Umberto I was King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his assassination in 1900. His reign saw Italy's expansion into the Horn of Africa, as well as the creation of the Triple Alliance among Italy, Germany and Austria-Hungary.

Damiano Chiesa

399 Damiano Chiesa è stato un militare e patriota italiano.                                             

John Bosco

391 John Melchior Bosco, SDB, popularly known as Don Bosco, was an Italian Catholic priest, educator and writer of the 19th century. While working in Turin, where the population suffered many of the ill effects of industrialization and urbanization, he dedicated his life to the betterment and education of street children, juvenile delinquents, and other disadvantaged youth. He developed teaching methods based on love rather than punishment, a method that became known as the Salesian Preventive System.

Leonardo da Vinci

377 Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested on his achievements as a painter, he has also become known for his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on a variety of subjects, including anatomy, astronomy, botany, cartography, painting, and paleontology. Leonardo is widely regarded to have been a genius who epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal, and his collective works comprise a contribution to later generations of artists matched only by that of his younger contemporary Michelangelo.

Giosuè Carducci

376 Giosuè Alessandro Giuseppe Carducci was an Italian poet, writer, literary critic and teacher. He was noticeably influential, and was regarded as the official national poet of modern Italy. In 1906, he became the first Italian to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Swedish Academy's motivation was that "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces."

Alessandro Volta

376 Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta was an Italian physicist and chemist who was a pioneer of electricity and power and is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane. He invented the voltaic pile in 1799, and reported the results of his experiments in 1800 in a two-part letter to the president of the Royal Society. With this invention Volta proved that electricity could be generated chemically and debunked the prevalent theory that electricity was generated solely by living beings. Volta's invention sparked a great amount of scientific excitement and led others to conduct similar experiments, which eventually led to the development of the field of electrochemistry.

Mary, mother of Jesus

354 Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Joseph and the mother of Jesus. She is a central figure of Christianity, venerated under various titles such as virgin or queen, many of them mentioned in the Litany of Loreto. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Church of the East, Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches believe that Mary, as mother of Jesus, is the Mother of God. Other Protestant views on Mary vary, with some holding her to have lesser status.

Christopher Columbus

324 Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and European colonization of the Americas. His expeditions were the first known European contact with the Caribbean and Central and South America.

Giacomo Leopardi

313 Count Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Saverio Pietro Leopardi was an Italian philosopher, poet, essayist, and philologist. He is considered the greatest Italian poet of the nineteenth century and one of the most important figures in the literature of the world, as well as one of the principals of literary romanticism; his constant reflection on existence and on the human condition—of sensuous and materialist inspiration—has also earned him a reputation as a deep philosopher. He is widely seen as one of the most radical and challenging thinkers of the 19th century but routinely compared by Italian critics to his older contemporary Alessandro Manzoni despite expressing "diametrically opposite positions." Although he lived in a secluded town in the conservative Papal States, he came into contact with the main ideas of the Enlightenment, and, through his own literary evolution, created a remarkable and renowned poetic work, related to the Romantic era. The strongly lyrical quality of his poetry made him a central figure on the European and international literary and cultural landscape.

Francis of Assisi

312 Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, known as Francis of Assisi, was an Italian mystic, poet and Catholic friar who founded the religious order of the Franciscans. He was inspired to lead a Christian life of poverty as a beggar and itinerant preacher. One of the most venerated figures in Christianity, Francis was canonized by Pope Gregory IX on 16 July 1228. He is commonly portrayed wearing a brown habit with a rope tied around his waist, featuring three knots that symbolize the three Franciscan vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

Enrico Fermi

311 Enrico Fermi was an Italian and later naturalized American physicist, renowned for being the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, and a member of the Manhattan Project. He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age" and the "architect of the atomic bomb". He was one of very few physicists to excel in both theoretical physics and experimental physics. Fermi was awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on induced radioactivity by neutron bombardment and for the discovery of transuranium elements. With his colleagues, Fermi filed several patents related to the use of nuclear power, all of which were taken over by the US government. He made significant contributions to the development of statistical mechanics, quantum theory, and nuclear and particle physics.

Giacomo Puccini

307 Giacomo Puccini was an Italian composer known primarily for his operas. Regarded as the greatest and most successful proponent of Italian opera after Verdi, he was descended from a long line of composers, stemming from the late-Baroque era. Though his early work was firmly rooted in traditional late-19th-century Romantic Italian opera, he later developed his work in the realistic verismo style, of which he became one of the leading exponents.

Galileo Galilei

301 Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei, commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei or simply Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. He was born in the city of Pisa, then part of the Duchy of Florence. Galileo has been called the father of observational astronomy, modern-era classical physics, the scientific method, and modern science.

Giovanni Minzoni

283 Giovanni Minzoni was an Italian anti-fascist Catholic priest who was killed by a fascist squad in 1923.

Saint Roch

278 Roch, also called Rock in English, was a Majorcan Catholic confessor whose death is commemorated on 16 August and 9 September in Italy; he was especially invoked against the plague. He has the designation of Rollox in Glasgow, Scotland, said to be a corruption of Roch's Loch, which referred to a small loch once near a chapel dedicated to Roch in 1506.

John F. Kennedy

273 John Fitzgerald Kennedy, often referred to as JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person elected president. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the United States Congress prior to his presidency.

Gioachino Rossini

270 Gioachino Antonio Rossini was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces and some sacred music. He set new standards for both comic and serious opera before retiring from large-scale composition while still in his thirties, at the height of his popularity.

Giovanni Pascoli

270 Giovanni Placido Agostino Pascoli was an Italian poet, classical scholar and an emblematic figure of Italian literature in the late nineteenth century. Alongside Gabriele D'Annunzio, he was one of the greatest Italian decadent poets.

Sandro Pertini

243 Alessandro "Sandro" Pertini was an Italian socialist politician and statesman who served as the president of Italy from 1978 to 1985.

Giuseppe Di Vittorio

238 Giuseppe Di Vittorio, also known as Mario Nicoletti, was an Italian trade union leader and communist politician. He was one of the most influential trade union leaders of the labour movement after World War I.

Martin of Tours

237 Martin of Tours, also known as Martin the Merciful, was the third bishop of Tours. He has become one of the most familiar and recognizable Christian saints in France, heralded as the patron saint of the Third Republic, and is patron saint of many communities and organizations across Europe. A native of Pannonia, he converted to Christianity at a young age. He served in the Roman cavalry in Gaul, but left military service at some point prior to 361, when he became a disciple of Hilary of Poitiers, establishing the monastery at Ligugé. He was consecrated as Bishop of Caesarodunum (Tours) in 371. As bishop, he was active in the suppression of the remnants of Gallo-Roman religion, but he opposed the violent persecution of the Priscillianist sect of ascetics.

Anthony of Padua

236 Anthony of Padua, OFM or Anthony of Lisbon was a Portuguese Catholic priest and friar of the Franciscan Order.

Ugo Foscolo

231 Ugo Foscolo, born Niccolò Foscolo, was a Greek-Italian writer, revolutionary and poet.             

Nazario Sauro

230 Nazario Sauro was an Austrian-born Italian irredentist and sailor.                                 

Armando Diaz

224 Armando Diaz, 1st Duke della Vittoria, was an Italian general and a Marshal of Italy. He is mostly known for his role as Chief of Staff of the Regio Esercito during World War I from November 1917. He managed to stop the Austro-Hungarian advance along the Piave River in the First Battle of Monte Grappa. In June 1918, he led the Italian forces to a major victory at the Second Battle of the Piave River. A few months later, he achieved a decisive victory in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, which ended the war on the Italian Front. He is celebrated as one of the greatest generals of the war.

Michelangelo

217 Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, known mononymously as Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was inspired by models from classical antiquity and had a lasting influence on Western art. Michelangelo's creative abilities and mastery in a range of artistic arenas define him as an archetypal Renaissance man, along with his rival and elder contemporary, Leonardo da Vinci. Given the sheer volume of surviving correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences, Michelangelo is one of the best-documented artists of the 16th century. He was lauded by contemporary biographers as the most accomplished artist of his era.

Petrarch

216 Francis Petrarch, born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar and poet of the early Italian Renaissance and one of the earliest humanists.

Vincenzo Bellini

197 Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini was an Italian opera composer, who was known for his long-flowing melodic lines for which he was named "the Swan of Catania". Many years later, in 1898, Giuseppe Verdi "praised the broad curves of Bellini's melody: 'there are extremely long melodies as no-one else had ever made before'."

Silvio Pellico

194 Silvio Pellico was an Italian writer, poet, dramatist and patriot active in the Italian unification.

Cervi Brothers

190 The Cervi Brothers were the seven sons of Alcide Cervi (1875–1970) and Genoeffa Cocconi (1876–1944), born in Campegine, Emilia-Romagna. The brothers and their father became renowned for their activities in the organized resistance to Italian fascism.

Palmiro Togliatti

186 Palmiro Michele Nicola Togliatti was an Italian politician and leader of Italy's Communist party for nearly forty years, from 1927 until his death. Born into a middle-class family, Togliatti received an education in law at the University of Turin, later served as an officer and was wounded in World War I, and became a tutor. Described as "severe in approach but extremely popular among the Communist base" and "a hero of his time, capable of courageous personal feats", his supporters gave him the nickname il Migliore. In 1930, Togliatti renounced Italian citizenship, and he became a citizen of the Soviet Union. Upon his death, Togliatti had a Soviet city named after him. Considered one of the founding fathers of the Italian Republic, he led Italy's Communist party from a few thousand members in 1943 to two million members in 1946.

Grazia Deledda

182 Grazia Maria Cosima Damiana Deledda was an Italian writer who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1926 "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island [i.e. Sardinia] and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general". She was the first Italian woman to receive the prize, and only the second woman in general after Selma Lagerlöf was awarded hers in 1909.

Filippo Turati

181 Filippo Turati was an Italian sociologist, criminologist, poet and socialist politician.           

Nello Rosselli

175 Sabatino Enrico 'Nello' Rosselli was an Italian Socialist leader and historian.                     

Salvo D'Acquisto

172 Salvo D'Acquisto was a member of the Italian Carabinieri during the Second World War.               

Pietro Nenni

172 Pietro Sandro Nenni was an Italian socialist politician, the national secretary of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and senator for life since 1970. He was a recipient of the Lenin Peace Prize in 1951. He was one of the founders of the Italian Republic and a central figure of the Italian political left from the 1920s to the 1960s.

Gaetano Donizetti

167 Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti was an Italian composer, best known for his almost 70 operas. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, he was a leading composer of the bel canto opera style during the first half of the nineteenth century and a probable influence on other composers such as Giuseppe Verdi. Donizetti was born in Bergamo in Lombardy. At an early age he was taken up by Simon Mayr who enrolled him with a full scholarship in a school which he had set up. There he received detailed musical training. Mayr was instrumental in obtaining a place for Donizetti at the Bologna Academy, where, at the age of 19, he wrote his first one-act opera, the comedy Il Pigmalione, which may never have been performed during his lifetime.

Goffredo Mameli

166 Goffredo Mameli was an Italian patriot, poet, writer and a notable figure in the Risorgimento. He is also the author of the lyrics of "Il Canto degli Italiani", the national anthem of Italy.

Raphael

164 Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, now generally known in English as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.

Bruno Buozzi

163 Bruno Buozzi è stato un sindacalista, politico, operaio e antifascista italiano.                   

Saint Peter

163 Saint Peter, also known as Peter the Apostle, Simon Peter, Simeon, Simon, or Cephas, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ and one of the first leaders of the early Christian Church. He appears repeatedly and prominently in all four New Testament gospels as well as the Acts of the Apostles. Catholic tradition accredits Peter as the first bishop of Rome‍—‌or pope‍—‌and also as the first bishop of Antioch.

Amerigo Vespucci

155 Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term "America" is derived.

Luigi Sturzo

152 Luigi Sturzo was an Italian Catholic priest and prominent politician. He was known in his lifetime as a Christian socialist and is considered one of the fathers of the Christian democratic platform. He was also the founder of the Luigi Sturzo Institute in 1951. Sturzo was one of the founders of the Italian People's Party (PPI) in 1919 but was forced into exile in 1924 with the rise of Italian fascism, and later in 1943 Christian Democracy, although he was never a party member. In exile in London and later New York City, he published over 400 articles critical of fascism. Sturzo's cause for canonization opened on 23 March 2002 and he is titled as a Servant of God.

Edmondo De Amicis

150 Edmondo De Amicis was an Italian novelist, journalist, poet, and short-story writer. His best-known book is Cuore, a children's novel translated into English as Heart.

Pietro Mascagni

150 Pietro Mascagni was an Italian composer primarily known for his operas. His 1890 masterpiece Cavalleria rusticana caused one of the greatest sensations in opera history and single-handedly ushered in the Verismo movement in Italian dramatic music. While it was often held that Mascagni, like Ruggero Leoncavallo, was a "one-opera man" who could never repeat his first success, L'amico Fritz and Iris have remained in the repertoire in Europe since their premieres.

Guglielmo Oberdan

145 Guglielmo Oberdan was an Italian irredentist. He was executed after a failed attempt to assassinate Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph, becoming a martyr of the Italian unification movement.

Giotto

143 Giotto di Bondone, known mononymously as Giotto and Latinised as Giottus, was an Italian painter and architect from Florence during the Late Middle Ages. He worked during the Gothic and Proto-Renaissance period. Giotto's contemporary, the banker and chronicler Giovanni Villani, wrote that Giotto was "the most sovereign master of painting in his time, who drew all his figures and their postures according to nature" and of his publicly recognized "talent and excellence". Giorgio Vasari described Giotto as making a decisive break from the prevalent Byzantine style and as initiating "the great art of painting as we know it today, introducing the technique of drawing accurately from life, which had been neglected for more than two hundred years".

Michael (archangel)

140 Michael, also called Saint Michael the Archangel, Archangel Michael and Saint Michael the Taxiarch is an archangel in Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and the Baha'i faith. The earliest surviving mentions of his name are in third- and second-century-BC Jewish works, often but not always apocalyptic, where he is the chief of the angels and archangels, and he is the guardian prince of Israel and is responsible for the care of Israel. Christianity conserved nearly all the Jewish traditions concerning him, and he is mentioned explicitly in Revelation 12:7–12, where he does battle with Satan, and in the Epistle of Jude, where the author denounces heretics by contrasting them with Michael.

Achille Grandi

140 Achille Grandi was an Italian politician and catholic syndicalist.                                 

Vittorio Alfieri

139 Count Vittorio Alfieri was an Italian dramatist and poet, considered the "founder of Italian tragedy." He wrote nineteen tragedies, sonnets, satires, and a notable autobiography.

Ludovico Ariosto

137 Ludovico Ariosto was an Italian poet. He is best known as the author of the romance epic Orlando Furioso (1516). The poem, a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato, describes the adventures of Charlemagne, Orlando, and the Franks as they battle against the Saracens with diversions into many sideplots. The poem is transformed into a satire of the chivalric tradition. Ariosto composed the poem in the ottava rima rhyme scheme and introduced narrative commentary throughout the work.

Gabriele D'Annunzio

132 General Gabriele D'Annunzio, Prince of Montenevoso, sometimes written d'Annunzio as he used to sign himself, was an Italian poet, playwright, orator, journalist, aristocrat, and Royal Italian Army officer during World War I.

Giovanni Amendola

130 Giovanni Amendola was an Italian journalist, professor, and politician. He is noted as an opponent of Italian fascism.

Marco Polo

130 Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant, explorer and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295. His travels are recorded in The Travels of Marco Polo, a book that described to Europeans the then-mysterious culture and inner workings of the Eastern world, including the wealth and great size of the Mongol Empire and China under the Yuan dynasty, giving their first comprehensive look into China, Persia, India, Japan, and other locations throughout Asia.

Bandiera brothers

129 The brothers Attilio (1811–1844) and Emilio Bandiera (1819–1844) were Italian nationalists during the Risorgimento.

Nino Bixio

126 Gerolamo "Nino" Bixio was an Italian general, patriot and politician, one of the most prominent figures in the Italian unification.

Luigi Einaudi

125 Luigi Numa Lorenzo Einaudi was an Italian politician and economist. He served as the president of Italy from 1948 to 1955 and one of the founding fathers of the Italian Republic.

Mark the Evangelist

124 Mark the Evangelist also known as John Mark or Saint Mark, is the person who is traditionally ascribed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark. Modern Bible scholars have concluded that the Gospel of Mark was written by an anonymous author rather than an identifiable historical figure. According to Church tradition, Mark founded the episcopal see of Alexandria, which was one of the five most important sees of early Christianity. His feast day is celebrated on April 25, and his symbol is the winged lion.

Enrico Toti

123 Enrico Toti was an Italian cyclist, patriot and hero of World War I.                               

Luigi Galvani

122 Luigi Galvani was an Italian physician, physicist, biologist and philosopher, who studied animal electricity. In 1780, he discovered that the muscles of dead frogs' legs twitched when struck by an electrical spark. This was an early study of bioelectricity, following experiments by John Walsh and Hugh Williamson.

Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa

122 Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa was an Italian Carabinieri general, notable for campaigning against terrorism during the Years of Lead. He was assassinated in the Via Carini massacre by the Sicilian Mafia in Palermo.

Saint George

122 Saint George, also George of Lydda, was an early Christian martyr who is venerated as a saint in Christianity. According to tradition, he was a soldier in the Roman army. Of Cappadocian Greek origin, he became a member of the Praetorian Guard for Roman emperor Diocletian, but was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith. He became one of the most venerated saints, heroes and megalomartyrs in Christianity, and he has been especially venerated as a military saint since the Crusades. He is respected by Christians, Druze, as well as some Muslims as a martyr of monotheistic faith.

Ippolito Nievo

121 Ippolito Nievo was an Italian writer, journalist and patriot. His Confessions of an Italian is widely considered the most important novel about the Italian Risorgimento.

Saint Lawrence

121 Saint Lawrence or Laurence was one of the seven deacons of the city of Rome under Pope Sixtus II who were martyred in the persecution of the Christians that the Roman Emperor Valerian ordered in 258.

Fabio Filzi

120 Fabio Filzi was an ethnic-Italian who was born in the Austria-Hungarian Empire but was a irredentist patriot whose firm belief was that the Italian portions of Austria-Hungarian Empire should be united with Italy. He was captured and executed by the Austria-Hungarian Army with his superior Cesare Battisti.

Saint Joseph

120 Joseph was a 1st-century Jewish man of Nazareth who, according to the canonical Gospels, was married to Mary, the mother of Jesus, and was the legal father of Jesus.

Torquato Tasso

119 Torquato Tasso was an Italian poet of the 16th century, known for his 1591 poem Gerusalemme liberata, in which he depicts a highly imaginative version of the combats between Christians and Muslims at the end of the First Crusade, during the Siege of Jerusalem of 1099.

Antonio Vivaldi

115 Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist and impresario of Baroque music. Along with Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel, Vivaldi ranks amongst the greatest Baroque composers and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe, giving origin to many imitators and admirers. He pioneered many developments in orchestration, violin technique and programmatic music. He consolidated the emerging concerto form into a widely accepted and followed idiom.

Giovanni Boccaccio

113 Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist. Born in the town of Certaldo, he became so well known as a writer that he was sometimes simply known as "the Certaldese" and one of the most important figures in the European literary panorama of the fourteenth century. Some scholars define him as the greatest European prose writer of his time, a versatile writer who amalgamated different literary trends and genres, making them converge in original works, thanks to a creative activity exercised under the banner of experimentalism.

Margherita of Savoy

113 Margherita of Savoy was Queen of Italy by marriage to her first cousin King Umberto I of Italy. She was the daughter of Prince Ferdinand of Savoy, Duke of Genoa and Princess Elisabeth of Saxony, and the mother of the King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy.

Catherine of Siena

112 Caterina di Jacopo di Benincasa, known as Catherine of Siena, was an Italian mystic and pious laywoman who engaged in papal and Italian politics through extensive letter-writing and advocacy. Canonized in 1461, she is revered as a saint and as a Doctor of the Church due to her extensive theological authorship. She is also considered to have influenced Italian literature.

Arturo Toscanini

111 Arturo Toscanini was an Italian conductor. He was one of the most acclaimed and influential musicians of the late 19th and early 20th century, renowned for his intensity, his perfectionism, his ear for orchestral detail and sonority, and his eidetic memory. He was at various times the music director of La Scala in Milan and the New York Philharmonic. Later in his career, he was appointed the first music director of the NBC Symphony Orchestra (1937–1954), and this led to his becoming a household name, especially in the United States, through his radio and television broadcasts and many recordings of the operatic and symphonic repertoire.

Enrico Berlinguer

110 Enrico Berlinguer was an Italian politician. Considered the most popular leader of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), he led the PCI as the national secretary from 1972 until his death during a tense period in Italy's history, which was marked by the Years of Lead and social conflicts, such as the Hot Autumn of 1969–1970. Berlinguer was born into a middle-class family; his father was a socialist who became a deputy and later senator. After leading the party's youth wing in his hometown, he led the PCI's youth wing, the Italian Communist Youth Federation (FGCI), at the national level from 1949 to 1956. In 1968, he was elected to the country's Chamber of Deputies, and he became the leader of the PCI in 1972; he remained a deputy until his death in 1984. Under his leadership, the number of votes for the PCI peaked. The PCI's results in 1976 remain the highest for any Italian left-wing or centre-left party both in terms of votes and vote share, and the party's results in 1984, just after his death, remain the best result for an Italian left-wing party in European elections, and were toppled, in terms of vote share in a lower-turnout election, in the 2014 European Parliament election in Italy.

Felice Cavallotti

110 Felice Cavallotti was an Italian politician, poet and dramatic author.                             

Giuseppe Parini

109 Giuseppe Parini was an Italian enlightenment satirist and poet of the neoclassic period.           

Saint Anne

109 According to apocrypha, as well as Christian and Islamic tradition, Saint Anne was the mother of Mary, the wife of Joachim and the maternal grandmother of Jesus. Mary's mother is not named in the Bible's canonical gospels. In writing, Anne's name and that of her husband Joachim come only from New Testament apocrypha, of which the Gospel of James seems to be the earliest that mentions them. The mother of Mary is mentioned but not named in the Quran.

Giuseppe Giusti

105 Giuseppe Giusti was an Italian poet and satirist.                                                   

Charles Borromeo

105 Charles Borromeo was the Archbishop of Milan from 1564 to 1584 and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was a leading figure of the Counter-Reformation combat against the Protestant Reformation together with Ignatius of Loyola and Philip Neri. In that role he was responsible for significant reforms in the Catholic Church, including the founding of seminaries for the education of priests. He is honoured as a saint by the Catholic Church, with a feast day on 4 November.

Antonio Meucci

105 Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci was an Italian inventor and an associate of Giuseppe Garibaldi, a major political figure in the history of Italy. Meucci is best known for developing a voice-communication apparatus that several sources credit as the first telephone.

Luigi Cadorna

104 Marshal of Italy Luigi Cadorna, was an Italian general, Marshal of Italy and Count, most famous for being the Chief of Staff of the Italian Army from 1914 until 1917 during World War I. During this period, commanding the Italian army in the Alpine front and along the Isonzo river, he acquired a reputation for rigid discipline and the harsh treatment of his troops. Cadorna achieved successes in containing the Strafexpedition and capturing Gorizia but, following a major defeat at the Battle of Caporetto in late 1917, he was relieved as Chief of Staff.

Titian

102 Tiziano Vecelli or Vecellio, Latinized as Titianus, hence known in English as Titian, was an Italian (Venetian) Renaissance painter of Lombard origin, considered the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school. He was born in Pieve di Cadore, near Belluno. During his lifetime he was often called da Cadore, 'from Cadore', taken from his native region.

Piero Gobetti

101 Piero Gobetti was an Italian journalist, intellectual, and anti-fascist. A radical and revolutionary liberal, he was an exceptionally active campaigner and critic in the crisis years in Italy after the First World War and into the early years of Fascist Italy.

Giovanni Falcone

101 Giovanni Falcone was an Italian judge and prosecuting magistrate. From his office in the Palace of Justice in Palermo, Sicily, he spent most of his professional life trying to overthrow the power of the Sicilian Mafia. After a long and distinguished career, culminating in the Maxi Trial in 1986–1987, on 23 May 1992, Falcone was assassinated by the Corleonesi Mafia in the Capaci bombing, on the A29 motorway near the town of Capaci.

Francesco Baracca

100 Count Francesco Baracca was Italy's top fighter ace of World War I. He was credited with 34 aerial victories. The emblem he wore side by side on his plane of a black horse prancing on its two rear hooves inspired Enzo Ferrari to use it on his racing car and later in his automotive company.

Benedetto Croce

99 Benedetto Croce, OCI, COSML was an Italian idealist philosopher, historian, and politician who wrote on numerous topics, including philosophy, history, historiography, and aesthetics. A political liberal in most regards, he formulated a distinction between liberalism and "liberism". Croce had considerable influence on other Italian intellectuals, from Marxists to Italian fascists, such as Antonio Gramsci and Giovanni Gentile, respectively.

Saint Lucy

99 Lucia of Syracuse (283–304), also called Saint Lucia was a Roman Christian martyr who died during the Diocletianic Persecution. She is venerated as a saint in Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, and Eastern Orthodox Christianity. She is one of eight women explicitly commemorated by Catholics in the Canon of the Mass. Her traditional feast day, known in Europe as Saint Lucy's Day, is observed by Western Christians on 13 December. Lucia of Syracuse was honored in the Middle Ages and remained a well-known saint in early modern England. She is one of the best known virgin martyrs, along with Agatha of Sicily, Agnes of Rome, Cecilia of Rome, and Catherine of Alexandria.

James the Great

97 James the Great was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was the second of the apostles to die, and the first to be martyred. Saint James is the patron saint of Spain and, according to tradition, his remains are held in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia.

Enrico Mattei

96 Enrico Mattei was an Italian public administrator. After World War II, he was given the task of dismantling the Italian petroleum agency Agip, a state enterprise established by Fascist Italy. Instead, Mattei enlarged and reorganized it into the National Fuel Trust. Under his direction, ENI negotiated important oil concessions in the Middle East as well as a significant trade agreement with the Soviet Union, which helped break the oligopoly of the "Seven Sisters" that dominated the mid-20th-century oil industry. He also introduced the principle whereby the country that owned exploited oil reserves received 75% of the profits.

Evangelista Torricelli

94 Evangelista Torricelli was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo. He is best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances in optics and work on the method of indivisibles. The torr is named after him.

Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora

90 Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora was an Italian general and statesman. His older brothers include soldier and naturalist Alberto della Marmora and Alessandro Ferrero La Marmora, founder of the branch of the Italian army now called the Bersaglieri.

Andrew the Apostle

90 Andrew the Apostle, also called Saint Andrew, was an apostle of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was a fisherman and one of the Twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus. The title First-Called stems from the Gospel of John, where Andrew, initially a disciple of John the Baptist, follows Jesus and, recognizing him as the Messiah, introduces his brother Simon Peter to him.

Niccolò Paganini

90 Niccolò Paganini was an Italian violinist and composer. He was the most celebrated violin virtuoso of his time, and left his mark as one of the pillars of modern violin technique. His 24 Caprices for Solo Violin Op. 1 are among the best known of his compositions and have served as an inspiration for many prominent composers.

Francesco Crispi

89 Francesco Crispi was an Italian patriot and statesman. He was among the main protagonists of the Risorgimento, a close friend and supporter of Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi, and one of the architects of Italian unification in 1860. Crispi served as Prime Minister of Italy for six years, from 1887 to 1891, and again from 1893 to 1896, and was the first prime minister from Southern Italy. Crispi was internationally famous and often mentioned along with world statesmen such as Otto von Bismarck, William Ewart Gladstone, and Lord Salisbury.

Daniele Manin

89 Daniele Manin was an Italian patriot, statesman and leader of the Risorgimento in Venice.           

Massimo d'Azeglio

88 Massimo Taparelli, Marquess of Azeglio, commonly called Massimo d'Azeglio, was a Piedmontese-Italian statesman, novelist, and painter. He was Prime Minister of Sardinia for almost three years until succeeded by his rival Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour. D'Azeglio was a moderate liberal and member of the Moderate Party associated with the Historical Right. He hoped for a federal union between Italian states.

Paolo Borsellino

87 Paolo Emanuele Borsellino was an Italian judge and prosecuting magistrate. From his office in the Palace of Justice in Palermo, Sicily, he spent most of his professional life trying to overthrow the power of the Sicilian Mafia. After a long and distinguished career, culminating in the Maxi Trial in 1986–1987, on 19 July 1992, Borsellino was killed by a car bomb in Via D'Amelio, near his mother's house in Palermo.

Giovanni Verga

86 Giovanni Carmelo Verga di Fontanabianca was an Italian realist (verista) writer, best known for his depictions of life in his native Sicily, especially the short story and later play Cavalleria rusticana and the novel I Malavoglia.

Guido Rossa

86 Guido Rossa was an Italian worker and syndicalist who was born in Cesiomaggiore, Veneto, and lived for several years in Turin. His first job was at the age of 14 as a worker in a ball bearing factory, then at Fiat in Turin as a milling machine worker. In 1961 he moved to Genoa to work for Italsider and, the following year, was elected to the labor union FIOM-CGIL. As a member of the Italian Communist Party, he was a trade unionist for the labor union CGIL at Italsider in Genoa-Cornigliano. He denounced to the Italian police a colleague, Francesco Berardi, who produced propaganda at Italsider on behalf of the Red Brigades. In retaliation, Rossa was killed by the Red Brigades on 24 January 1979, during the Years of Lead.

Antonio Pacinotti

85 Antonio Pacinotti was an Italian physicist, who was Professor of Physics at the University of Pisa. 

Giovanni Prati

84 Giovanni Prati was an Italian poet and politician.                                                 

Andrea Costa

84 Andrea Costa was an Italian politician who was initiated on September 25, 1883 to the Masonic Lodge "Rienzi" in Rome and progressively become 32nd-degree Mason and adjunctive Great Master of the Grande Oriente of Italy.

Giordano Bruno

83 Giordano Bruno was an Italian philosopher, poet, cosmological theorist and esotericist. He is known for his cosmological theories, which conceptually extended to include the then-novel Copernican model. He proposed that the stars were distant suns surrounded by their own planets (exoplanets), and he raised the possibility that these planets might foster life of their own, a cosmological position known as cosmic pluralism. He also insisted that the universe is infinite and could have no center.

Salvador Allende

83 Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens was a Chilean socialist politician who served as the 28th president of Chile from 1970 until his death in 1973. As a democratic socialist committed to democracy, he has been described as the first Marxist to be elected president in a liberal democracy in Latin America.

Luigi Pirandello

82 Luigi Pirandello was an Italian dramatist, novelist, poet, and short story writer whose greatest contributions were his plays. He was awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art" Pirandello's works include novels, hundreds of short stories, and about 40 plays, some of which are written in Sicilian. Pirandello's tragic farces are often seen as forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd.

Antonio Canova

81 Antonio Canova was an Italian Neoclassical sculptor, famous for his marble sculptures. Often regarded as the greatest of the Neoclassical artists, his sculpture was inspired by the Baroque and the classical revival, and has been characterised as having avoided the melodramatics of the former, and the cold artificiality of the latter.

Lorenzo Milani

80 Lorenzo Carlo Domenico Milani Comparetti was an Italian Catholic priest. He was an educator of poor children and an advocate of conscientious objection.

Helen of Greece and Denmark

79 Helen of Greece and Denmark was the queen mother of Romania during the reign of her son King Michael I (1940–1947). She was noted for her humanitarian efforts to save Romanian Jews during World War II, which led to her being awarded by the State of Israel with the honorific of Righteous Among the Nations in 1993.

Vincenzo Monti

79 Vincenzo Monti was an Italian poet, playwright, translator, and scholar, the greatest interpreter of Italian neoclassicism in all of its various phases. His verse translation of the Iliad is considered one of the greatest of them all, with its iconic opening becoming an extremely recognizable phrase among Italians.

Saint Sebastian

79 Sebastian was an early Christian saint and martyr. According to traditional belief, he was killed during the Diocletianic Persecution of Christians. He was initially tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows, though this did not kill him. He was, according to tradition, rescued and healed by Irene of Rome, which became a popular subject in 17th-century painting. In all versions of the story, shortly after his recovery he went to Diocletian to warn him about his sins, and as a result was clubbed to death. He is venerated in the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church.

Carlo Pisacane

78 Carlo Pisacane, Duke of San Giovanni was an Italian patriot and one of the first Italian socialist thinkers. He argued that violence was necessary not only to draw attention to, or generate publicity for, a cause, but also to inform, educate, and ultimately rally the masses behind the revolution. These ideas are called propaganda of the deed and have exerted compelling influence on rebels and terrorists alike ever since.

Eugenio Curiel

78 Eugenio Curiel was an Italian-Jewish physicist, a prominent figure of the Italian resistance movement. He was awarded a gold medal (posthumously) for military valour.

Martin Luther King Jr.

75 Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Christian minister, activist, and political philosopher who was one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. A black church leader and a son of early civil rights activist and minister Martin Luther King Sr., King advanced civil rights for people of color in the United States through the use of nonviolent resistance and nonviolent civil disobedience against Jim Crow laws and other forms of legalized discrimination.

Carlo Cattaneo

75 Carlo Cattaneo was an Italian philosopher, writer, and activist, famous for his role in the Five Days of Milan in March 1848, when he led the city council during the rebellion.

Eugenio Montale

75 Eugenio Montale was an Italian poet, prose writer, editor and translator, and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Aurelia gens

74 The gens Aurelia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, which flourished from the third century BC to the latest period of the Empire. The first of the Aurelian gens to obtain the consulship was Gaius Aurelius Cotta in 252 BC. From then to the end of the Republic, the Aurelii supplied many distinguished statesmen, before entering a period of relative obscurity under the early emperors. In the latter part of the first century, a family of the Aurelii rose to prominence, obtaining patrician status, and eventually the throne itself. A series of emperors belonged to this family, through birth or adoption, including Marcus Aurelius and the members of the Severan dynasty.

Arrigo Boito

73 Arrigo Boito was an Italian librettist, composer, poet and critic whose only completed opera was Mefistofele. Among the operas for which he wrote the libretti are Giuseppe Verdi's monumental last two operas Otello and Falstaff as well as Amilcare Ponchielli's La Gioconda.

Sebastiano Satta

73 Sebastiano Satta was an Italian poet, writer, lawyer, and journalist.                               

Saint Stephen

72 Stephen is traditionally venerated as the protomartyr or first martyr of Christianity. According to the Acts of the Apostles, he was a deacon in the early church at Jerusalem who angered members of various synagogues by his teachings. Accused of blasphemy at his trial, he made a speech denouncing the Jewish authorities who were sitting in judgment on him and was then stoned to death. Saul of Tarsus, later known as Paul the Apostle, a Pharisee and Roman citizen who would later become an apostle, participated in Stephen's martyrdom.

Niccolò Machiavelli

72 Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli was a Florentine diplomat, author, philosopher and historian who lived during the Renaissance. He is best known for his political treatise The Prince, written around 1513 but not published until 1532, five years after his death. He has often been called the father of modern political philosophy and political science.

Eleanor of Arborea

72 Eleanor of Arborea or Eleanor De Serra Bas was one of the most powerful and important, and one of the last, judges of the Judicate of Arborea in Sardinia, and Sardinia's most famous heroine. She is also known for updating of the Carta de Logu, promulgated by her father Marianus IV and revisited by her brother Hugh III.

Filippo Corridoni

71 Filippo Corridoni was an Italian trade unionist and syndicalist. Born in Pausula, today Corridonia, he was a friend of future Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini. Between 24 and 25 January 1915, the Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria were founded in the presence of Corridoni and Mussolini, among others. That same year, numerous left-interventionists were called up, including Corridoni and Mussolini themselves. In October 1915, Corridoni died during the Great War, being hit in the head by an Austrian-Hungarian Army bullet at the Trincea delle Frasche in San Martino del Carso. Between 1914 and 1915, he had been part of the left-interventionism movement that supported the Kingdom of Italy entry into the Great War, and was pictured taking part to a 1915 interventionist demonstration in Milan. This stance costed him, among others, the expulsion from the Unione Sindacale Italiana, whose Milanese section he was leading. These went on to join with Futurist interventionism, which was already creating unrest in the squares with Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and Umberto Boccioni.

Paul the Apostle

70 Paul, commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul, was a Christian apostle who spread the teachings of Jesus in the first-century world. For his contributions towards the New Testament, he is generally regarded as one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age, and he also founded several Christian communities in Asia Minor and Europe from the mid-40s to the mid-50s AD.

Pietro Zorutti

69 Pietro Zorutti was an Italian poet. His fame is mainly due to the publication each year from 1821 to 1867 of Friulian language poetry. Much of his Friulian poetry was based around the middle class dialect of Udine, where he spent much of his life.

Ciro Menotti

69 Ciro Menotti was an Italian patriot.                                                               

Enrico De Nicola

68 Enrico De Nicola, was an Italian jurist, journalist, politician, and provisional head of state of republican Italy from 1946 to 1948. Afterwards, he became the first president of Italy on 1 January 1948.

Giacomo Brodolini

68 Giacomo Brodolini was an Italian socialist politician and trade unionist. He served as the minister of labour and social security between December 1968 and 1969.

Giuseppe Ungaretti

67 Giuseppe Ungaretti was an Italian modernist poet, journalist, essayist, critic, academic, and recipient of the inaugural 1970 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. A leading representative of the experimental trend known as Ermetismo ("Hermeticism"), he was one of the most prominent contributors to 20th century Italian literature. Influenced by symbolism, he was briefly aligned with futurism. Like many futurists, he took an irredentist position during World War I. Ungaretti debuted as a poet while fighting in the trenches, publishing one of his best-known pieces, L'allegria.

Nicolaus Copernicus

67 Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center. In all likelihood, Copernicus developed his model independently of Aristarchus of Samos, an ancient Greek astronomer who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.

Ugo La Malfa

67 Ugo La Malfa was an Italian politician and an important leader of the Italian Republican Party.     

Charles Albert of Sardinia

66 Charles Albert was the King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard state from 27 April 1831 until his abdication in 1849. His name is bound up with the first Italian constitution, the Albertine Statute, and with the First Italian War of Independence (1848–1849).

Fratelli Cairoli

66 I fratelli Cairoli sono stati dei patrioti italiani, di Gropello Cairoli (PV), e figure di spicco del Risorgimento.

Pope John Paul II

66 Pope John Paul II was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005.

Caravaggio

65 Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, known mononymously as Caravaggio, was an Italian painter active in Rome for most of his artistic life. During the final four years of his life, he moved between Naples, Malta, and Sicily until his death. His paintings have been characterized by art critics as combining a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, which had a formative influence on Baroque painting.

Carlo Goldoni

65 Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni was an Italian playwright and librettist from the Republic of Venice. His works include some of Italy's most famous and best-loved plays. Audiences have admired the plays of Goldoni for their ingenious mix of wit and honesty. His plays offered his contemporaries images of themselves, often dramatizing the lives, values, and conflicts of the emerging middle classes. Though he wrote in French and Italian, his plays make rich use of the Venetian language, regional vernacular, and colloquialisms. Goldoni also wrote under the pen name and title Polisseno Fegeio, Pastor Arcade, which he claimed in his memoirs the "Arcadians of Rome" bestowed on him.

Ferdinand Magellan

65 Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer best known for having planned and led the 1519 Spanish expedition to the East Indies across the Pacific Ocean to open a maritime trade route, during which he discovered the interoceanic passage thereafter bearing his name and achieved the first European navigation to Asia via the Pacific. After his death, this expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe in 1519–22 in the service of Spain.

Aurelio Saffi

63 Aurelio Saffi was a Roman and Italian politician, active during the period of Italian unification. He was an important figure in the radical republican current within the Risorgimento movement and close to its leader and chief inspiration, Giuseppe Mazzini.

Duke of Aosta

63 Duke of Aosta was a title in the Italian nobility. It was established in the 13th century when Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, made the County of Aosta a duchy. The region was part of the Savoyard state and the title was granted to various princes of the House of Savoy, second sons of the reigning king of Sardinia or king of Italy.

Ruggero Leoncavallo

63 Ruggero Leoncavallo was an Italian opera composer and librettist. Although he produced numerous operas and songs throughout his career it is his opera Pagliacci (1892) that remained his lasting contribution, despite attempts to escape the shadow of his greatest success.

Victor Emmanuel III

62 Victor Emmanuel III, born Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia, was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. A member of the House of Savoy, he also reigned as Emperor of Ethiopia (1936–1941) and King of the Albanians (1939–1943). During his reign of nearly 46 years, which began after the assassination of his father Umberto I, the Kingdom of Italy became involved in two world wars. His reign also encompassed the birth, rise, and fall of the Fascist regime in Italy.

Amilcare Ponchielli

62 Amilcare Ponchielli was an Italian opera composer, best known for his opera La Gioconda. He was married to the soprano Teresina Brambilla.

Emilio Lussu

62 Emilio Lussu was an Italian soldier, politician, anti-fascist, and writer.                         

Pietro Micca

61 Pietro Micca, also known as Pierre Micha, was an Italian soldier who became a national hero of the Duchy of Savoy for his sacrifice in the defence of Turin against the French troops.

Augustine of Hippo

61 Augustine of Hippo, also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa. His writings influenced the development of Western philosophy and Western Christianity, and he is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers of the Latin Church in the Patristic Period. His many important works include The City of God, On Christian Doctrine, and Confessions.

Salvatore Quasimodo

60 Salvatore Quasimodo was an Italian poet and translator, awarded the 1959 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times". Along with Giuseppe Ungaretti and Eugenio Montale, he was one of the foremost Italian poets of the 20th century.

Galileo Ferraris

59 Galileo Ferraris was an Italian university professor, physicist and electrical engineer, one of the pioneers of AC power system and inventor of the induction motor although he never patented his work. Many newspapers touted that his work on the induction motor and power transmission systems were some of the greatest inventions of all ages. He published an extensive and complete monograph on the experimental results obtained with open-circuit transformers of the type designed by the power engineers Lucien Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs.

Cesare Pavese

59 Cesare Pavese was an Italian novelist, poet, short story writer, translator, literary critic, and essayist. He is often referred to as one of the most influential Italian writers of his time.

Saint Vitus

58 Vitus, whose name is sometimes rendered Guy or Guido, was a Christian martyr from Sicily. His surviving hagiography is pure legend. The dates of his actual life are unknown. He has for long been tied to the Sicilian martyrs Modestus and Crescentia but in the earliest sources it is clear that these were originally different traditions that later became combined. The figures of Modestus and Crescentia are probably fictitious.

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

58 Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, also known as Giambattista Tiepolo, was an Italian painter and printmaker from the Republic of Venice who painted in the Rococo style, considered an important member of the 18th-century Venetian school. He was prolific, and worked not only in Italy, but also in Germany and Spain.

Vincenzo Gioberti

58 Vincenzo Gioberti was an Italian Catholic priest, philosopher, publicist and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Sardinia from 1848 to 1849. He was a prominent spokesman for liberal Catholicism.

Domenico Cimarosa

56 Domenico Cimarosa was an Italian composer of the Neapolitan School and of the Classical period. He wrote more than eighty operas, the best known of which is Il matrimonio segreto (1792); most of his operas are comedies. He also wrote instrumental works and church music.

Thomas Edison

56 Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventions, which include the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and early versions of the electric light bulb, have had a widespread impact on the modern industrialized world. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of organized science and teamwork to the process of invention, working with many researchers and employees. He established the first industrial research laboratory.

Benvenuto Cellini

56 Benvenuto Cellini was an Italian goldsmith, sculptor, and author. His best-known extant works include the Cellini Salt Cellar, the sculpture of Perseus with the Head of Medusa, and his autobiography, which has been described as "one of the most important documents of the 16th century".

Quintino Sella

56 Quintino Sella was an Italian politician, economist and mountaineer.                               

Gaetano Giardino

55 Gaetano Giardino was an Italian soldier that rose to the rank of Marshal of Italy and Italian Representative to the Allied War Council during World War I.

Bartholomew the Apostle

55 Bartholomew was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Most scholars today identify Bartholomew as Nathanael or Nathaniel, who appears in the Gospel of John.

Rodolfo Morandi

54 Rodolfo Morandi was an Italian socialist politician and economist. He was a member of the Socialist Party and was one of its leading figures following World War II. He served as the minister of industry and commerce in the cabinets led by Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi in the period 1946–1947.

Piero Maroncelli

53 Piero Maroncelli è stato un patriota, musicista e scrittore italiano, noto anche per essere stato processato in quanto carbonaro e imprigionato allo Spielberg con Silvio Pellico.

Donato Bramante

53 Donato Bramante, born as Donato di Pascuccio d'Antonio and also known as Bramante Lazzari, was an Italian architect and painter. He introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, where his plan for St. Peter's Basilica formed the basis of the design executed by Michelangelo. His Tempietto marked the beginning of the High Renaissance in Rome (1502) when Pope Julius II appointed him to build a sanctuary over the spot where Peter was martyred.

Pier Paolo Pasolini

53 Pier Paolo Pasolini was an Italian poet, film director, writer, screenwriter, actor and playwright. He is considered one of the defining public intellectuals in 20th-century Italian history, influential both as an artist and a political figure. He is known for directing the movies from Trilogy of Life.

Virgil

52 Publius Vergilius Maro, usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid. A number of minor poems, collected in the Appendix Vergiliana, were attributed to him in ancient times, but modern scholars consider his authorship of these poems to be dubious.

Cimabue

52 Cimabue, c. 1240 – 1302, was an Italian painter and designer of mosaics from Florence. He was also known as Cenni di Pepo or Cenni di Pepi.

Margaret of Cortona

52 Margaret of Cortona was an Italian penitent of the Third Order of Saint Francis. She was born in Laviano, near Perugia, and died in Cortona. She was canonised in 1728.

Saint Blaise

52 Blaise of Sebaste was a physician and bishop of Sebastea in historical Lesser Armenia who is venerated as a Christian saint and martyr. He is counted as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers.

Niccolò Tommaseo

51 Niccolò Tommaseo was a Dalmatian Italian linguist, journalist and essayist, the editor of a Dizionario della Lingua Italiana in eight volumes (1861–74), of a dictionary of synonyms (1830) and other works. He is considered a precursor of the Italian irredentism.

Giuseppe Saragat

51 Giuseppe Saragat was an Italian politician who served as the president of Italy from 1964 to 1971. 

Sandro Botticelli

51 Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli or simply Botticelli, was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. Botticelli's posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th century, when he was rediscovered by the Pre-Raphaelites who stimulated a reappraisal of his work. Since then, his paintings have been seen to represent the linear grace of late Italian Gothic and some Early Renaissance painting, even though they date from the latter half of the Italian Renaissance period.

Maria Montessori

51 Maria Tecla Artemisia Montessori was an Italian physician and educator best known for her philosophy of education and her writing on scientific pedagogy. At an early age, Montessori enrolled in classes at an all-boys technical school, with hopes of becoming an engineer. She soon had a change of heart and began medical school at the Sapienza University of Rome, becoming one of the first women to attend medical school in Italy; she graduated with honors in 1896. Her educational method is in use today in many public and private schools globally.

Andrea Doria

50 Andrea Doria, Prince of Melfi was a Genoese statesman, condottiero, and admiral, who played a key role in the Republic of Genoa during his lifetime.

Anne Frank

50 Annelies Marie Frank was a German-born Jewish girl who kept a diary in which she documented life in hiding under Nazi persecution during the German occupation of the Netherlands. She is a celebrated diarist who described everyday life from her family hiding place in an Amsterdam attic. One of the most-discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust, she gained fame posthumously with the 1947 publication of The Diary of a Young Girl, in which she documents her life in hiding from 1942 to 1944 — it is one of the world's best-known books and has been the basis for several plays and films.

Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi

49 Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi, was an Italian mountaineer and explorer, briefly Infante of Spain as son of Amadeo I of Spain, member of the royal House of Savoy and cousin of the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III. He is known for his Arctic explorations and for his mountaineering expeditions, particularly to Mount Saint Elias and K2. He also served as an Italian admiral during World War I. He created Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi in Italian Somalia during his last years of life.

Pope Pius X

49 Pope Pius X was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death in August 1914. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing modernist interpretations of Catholic doctrine, and for promoting liturgical reforms and scholastic theology. He initiated the preparation of the 1917 Code of Canon Law, the first comprehensive and systemic work of its kind. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. The Society of Saint Pius X, a traditionalist Catholic fraternity formed decades after his death, is named after him.

Antonio Fogazzaro

49 Antonio Fogazzaro was an Italian novelist and proponent of Liberal Catholicism. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times.

Giulio Cesare

48 Giulio Cesare in Egitto, commonly known as Giulio Cesare, is a dramma per musica in three acts composed by George Frideric Handel for the Royal Academy of Music in 1724. The libretto was written by Nicola Francesco Haym who used an earlier libretto by Giacomo Francesco Bussani, which had been set to music by Antonio Sartorio (1676). The opera was a success at its first performances, was frequently revived by Handel in his subsequent opera seasons and is now one of the most often performed Baroque operas.

Ugo Bassi

48 Ugo Bassi was a Roman Catholic priest and Italian nationalist. Bassi was born at Cento, Emilia-Romagna, and received his early education at University of Bologna.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

48 Gian Lorenzo Bernini was an Italian sculptor and architect. While a major figure in the world of architecture, he was more prominently the leading sculptor of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture. As one scholar has commented, "What Shakespeare is to drama, Bernini may be to sculpture: the first pan-European sculptor whose name is instantaneously identifiable with a particular manner and vision, and whose influence was inordinately powerful ..." In addition, he was a painter and a man of the theatre: he wrote, directed and acted in plays, for which he designed stage sets and theatrical machinery. He produced designs as well for a wide variety of decorative art objects including lamps, tables, mirrors, and even coaches.

Luciano Manara

48 Luciano Manara was a Milanese soldier and politician of the Risorgimento era, who took part in the Roman Republic.

Tintoretto

48 Jacopo Robusti, best known as Tintoretto, was an Italian painter identified with the Venetian school. His contemporaries both admired and criticized the speed with which he painted, and the unprecedented boldness of his brushwork. For his phenomenal energy in painting he was termed il Furioso. His work is characterised by his muscular figures, dramatic gestures and bold use of perspective, in the Mannerist style.

Andrea Mantegna

47 Andrea Mantegna was an Italian painter, a student of Roman archeology, and son-in-law of Jacopo Bellini.

Andrea Palladio

47 Andrea Palladio was an Italian Renaissance architect active in the Venetian Republic. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily Vitruvius, is widely considered to be one of the most influential individuals in the history of architecture. While he designed churches and palaces, he was best known for country houses and villas. His teachings, summarized in the architectural treatise, The Four Books of Architecture, gained him wide recognition.

Claudio Monteverdi

47 Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi was an Italian composer, choirmaster and string player. A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera, he is considered a crucial transitional figure between the Renaissance and Baroque periods of music history.

Mary Magdalene

46 Mary Magdalene was a woman who, according to the four canonical gospels, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers and was a witness to his crucifixion and resurrection. She is mentioned by name twelve times in the canonical gospels, more than most of the apostles and more than any other woman in the gospels, other than Jesus's family. Mary's epithet Magdalene may be a toponymic surname, meaning that she came from the town of Magdala, a fishing town on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee in Roman Judea.

Vittorio Bachelet

46 Vittorio Bachelet was an Italian academic and politician, former vice president of the High Council of the Judiciary.

Ambrose

46 Ambrose of Milan, venerated as Saint Ambrose, was a theologian and statesman who served as Bishop of Milan from 374 to 397. He expressed himself prominently as a public figure, fiercely promoting Roman Christianity against Arianism and paganism. He left a substantial collection of writings, of which the best known include the ethical commentary De officiis ministrorum (377–391), and the exegetical Exameron (386–390). His preachings, his actions and his literary works, in addition to his innovative musical hymnography, made him one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the 4th century.

Saint Nicholas

46 Saint Nicholas of Myra, also known as Nicholas of Bari, was an early Christian bishop of Greek descent from the maritime city of Patara in Anatolia during the time of the Roman Empire. Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nicholas the Wonderworker. Saint Nicholas is the patron saint of sailors, merchants, archers, repentant thieves, children, brewers, pawnbrokers, toymakers, unmarried people, and students in various cities and countries around Europe. His reputation evolved among the pious, as was common for early Christian saints, and his legendary habit of secret gift-giving gave rise to the traditional model of Santa Claus through Sinterklaas.

Leonard of Port Maurice

46 Leonard of Port Maurice, O.F.M., was an Italian Franciscan preacher and ascetic writer.             

Luigi Settembrini

45 Luigi Settembrini was an Italian man of letters and politician.                                     

Giovanni Giolitti

45 Giovanni Giolitti was an Italian statesman. He was the prime minister of Italy five times between 1892 and 1921. He is the longest-serving democratically elected prime minister in Italian history, and the second-longest serving overall after Benito Mussolini. A prominent leader of the Historical Left and the Liberal Union, he is widely considered one of the most powerful and important politicians in Italian history; due to his dominant position in Italian politics, Giolitti was accused by critics of being an authoritarian leader and a parliamentary dictator.

Cesare Beccaria

45 Cesare Bonesana di Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, economist and politician, who is widely considered one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment. He is well remembered for his treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and the Classical School of criminology. Beccaria is considered the father of modern criminal law and the father of criminal justice.

Caterina Percoto

45 Caterina Marianna Percoto was a writer from the Austrian Empire and later Austria-Hungary, best remembered for her short stories and fables in Friulian, most notably her collection of Friulian fables titled Racconti (1863).

Giovanni Battista Pergolesi

44 Giovanni Battista Draghi, usually referred to as Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, was an Italian Baroque composer, violinist, and organist, leading exponent of the Baroque; he is considered one of the greatest Italian musicians of the first half of the 18th century and one of the most important representatives of the Neapolitan school.

Antonio Segni

44 Antonio Segni was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the president of Italy from May 1962 to December 1964, and as the prime minister of Italy in two distinct terms between 1955 and 1960.

Mahatma Gandhi

44 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā, first applied to him in South Africa in 1914, is now used throughout the world.

Mother Teresa

43 Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu MC, better known as Mother Teresa, was an Albanian-Indian Catholic nun and the founder of the Missionaries of Charity. Born in Skopje, then part of the Ottoman Empire, at the age of 18 she moved to Ireland and later to India, where she lived most of her life. On 4 September 2016, she was canonised by the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta. The anniversary of her death, 5 September, is her feast day.

Umberto Giordano

43 Umberto Menotti Maria Giordano was an Italian composer, mainly of operas. His best-known work in that genre was Andrea Chénier (1896).

Giovanni Maria Angioy

43 Giovanni Maria Angioy was a Sardinian politician and patriot and is considered to be a national hero by Sardinian nationalists. Although best known for his political activities, Angioy was a university lecturer, a judge for the Reale Udienza, an entrepreneur and a banker.

Gaetano Salvemini

42 Gaetano Salvemini was an Italian socialist and anti-fascist politician, historian, and writer. Born in a family of modest means, he became an acclaimed historian both in Italy and abroad, particularly in the United States, after he was forced into exile by Benito Mussolini's Italian fascist regime.

Benedict of Nursia

42 Benedict of Nursia, often known as Saint Benedict, was an Italian Christian monk, writer, and theologian. He is venerated in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Anglican Communion, and Old Catholic Churches. In 1964 Pope Paul VI declared Benedict a patron saint of Europe.

Giorgio Amendola

42 Giorgio Amendola was an Italian writer and politician. He is regarded and often cited as one of the main precursors of the Olive Tree. Born in Rome in 1907, Amendola was the son of Lithuanian intellectual Eva Kühn and Giovanni Amendola, a liberal anti-fascist who died in 1926 in Cannes after having been attacked by killers hired by Benito Mussolini. He secretly joined the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in 1929. After graduating in law, he started to propagandize opposition to the Mussolini regime.

Pythagoras

42 Pythagoras of Samos was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, the West in general. Knowledge of his life is clouded by legend; modern scholars disagree regarding Pythagoras's education and influences, but they do agree that, around 530 BC, he travelled to Croton in southern Italy, where he founded a school in which initiates were sworn to secrecy and lived a communal, ascetic lifestyle. This lifestyle entailed a number of dietary prohibitions, traditionally said to have included aspects of vegetarianism.

Alfredo Catalani

42 Alfredo Catalani was an Italian operatic composer. He is best remembered for his operas Loreley (1890) and La Wally (1892). La Wally was composed to a libretto by Luigi Illica, and features Catalani's most famous aria "Ebben? Ne andrò lontana." This aria, sung by American soprano Wilhelmenia Fernandez, was at the heart of Jean-Jacques Beineix's 1981 film Diva. Catalani's other operas were much less successful.

Ada Negri

42 Ada Negri was an Italian poet and writer. She was the only woman to be admitted to the Academy of Italy.

Francesco Cilea

41 Francesco Cilea was an Italian composer. Today he is particularly known for his operas L'arlesiana and Adriana Lecouvreur.

Saint Valentine

41 Saint Valentine was a 3rd-century Roman saint, commemorated in Western Christianity on February 14 and in Eastern Orthodoxy on July 6. From the High Middle Ages, his feast day has been associated with a tradition of courtly love. He is also a patron saint of Terni, epilepsy and beekeepers. Saint Valentine was a clergyman – either a priest or a bishop – in the Roman Empire who ministered to persecuted Christians. He was martyred and his body buried on the Via Flaminia on February 14, which has been observed as the Feast of Saint Valentine since at least the eighth century.

Beniamino Gigli

41 Beniamino Gigli was an Italian opera singer. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest tenors of his generation.

Albert Einstein

40 Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held to be one of the greatest and most influential scientists of all time. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics, and was thus a central figure in the revolutionary reshaping of the scientific understanding of nature that modern physics accomplished in the first decades of the twentieth century. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been called "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World, Einstein was ranked the greatest physicist of all time. His intellectual achievements and originality have made the word Einstein broadly synonymous with genius.

Alexander Fleming

39 Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance, which he named penicillin. His discovery in 1928 of what was later named benzylpenicillin from the mould Penicillium rubens has been described as the "single greatest victory ever achieved over disease". For this discovery, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

Arturo Malignani

38 Arturo Malignani è stato un imprenditore e inventore italiano che si segnalò in particolare per i brevetti nel campo dell'illuminazione elettrica, per lo sviluppo e le applicazioni in Friuli dell'energia elettrica e dei cementifici.

Ludovico Antonio Muratori

38 Lodovico Antonio Muratori was an Italian Catholic priest, notable as historian and a leading scholar of his age, and for his discovery of the Muratorian fragment, the earliest known list of New Testament books.

Filippo Brunelleschi

38 Filippo di ser Brunellesco di Lippo Lapi, commonly known as Filippo Brunelleschi and also nicknamed Pippo by Leon Battista Alberti, was an Italian architect, designer, goldsmith and sculptor. He is considered to be a founding father of Renaissance architecture. He is recognized as the first modern engineer, planner, and sole construction supervisor. In 1421, Brunelleschi became the first person to receive a patent in the Western world. He is most famous for designing the dome of the Florence Cathedral, and for the mathematical technique of linear perspective in art which governed pictorial depictions of space until the late 19th century and influenced the rise of modern science. His accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering, and ship design. Most surviving works can be found in Florence.

Donatello

38 Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi, known mononymously as Donatello, was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance period. Born in Florence, he studied classical sculpture and used his knowledge to develop an Early Renaissance style of sculpture. He spent time in other cities, where he worked on commissions and taught others; his periods in Rome, Padua, and Siena introduced to other parts of Italy the techniques he had developed in the course of a long and productive career. His David was the first freestanding nude male sculpture since antiquity; like much of his work it was commissioned by the Medici family.

Domenico Alberto Azuni

38 Domenico Alberto Azuni was a Sardinian jurist.                                                     

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

37 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition resulted in more than 800 works representing virtually every Western classical genre of his time. Many of these compositions are acknowledged as pinnacles of the symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral repertoire. Mozart is widely regarded as being one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music, with his music admired for its "melodic beauty, its formal elegance and its richness of harmony and texture".

Augusto Righi

37 Augusto Righi was an Italian physicist and a pioneer in the study of electromagnetism. He was born and died in Bologna.

Luigi Orione

36 Luigi Giovanni Orione was an Italian priest who was active in answering the social needs of his nation as it faced the social upheavals of the late 19th century. To this end, he founded a religious institute of men. He has been declared a saint by the Catholic Church.

Antonio Rosmini

36 Antonio Francesco Davide Ambrogio Rosmini-Serbati, IC was an Italian Catholic priest and philosopher. He founded the Rosminians, officially the Institute of Charity, and pioneered the concept of social justice and Italian Liberal Catholicism.

Umberto II of Italy

36 Umberto II was the last King of Italy. Umberto's reign lasted for 34 days, from 9 May 1946 until his formal deposition on 12 June 1946, although he had been the de facto head of state since 1944. Due to his short reign, he was nicknamed the May King.

Pablo Neruda

36 Pablo Neruda was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician who won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature. Neruda became known as a poet when he was 13 years old and wrote in a variety of styles, including surrealist poems, historical epics, political manifestos, a prose autobiography, and passionate love poems such as the ones in his collection Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair (1924).

Emilio Alessandrini

36 Emilio Alessandrini è stato un magistrato italiano, assassinato durante gli anni di piombo da un commando del gruppo terroristico Prima Linea.

Walter Tobagi

36 Walter Tobagi was an Italian journalist and writer. He was killed in a terrorist attack by the Brigade XXVIII March, a left-wing terrorist group.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

36 Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was an Italian composer of late Renaissance music. The central representative of the Roman School, with Orlande de Lassus and Tomás Luis de Victoria, Palestrina is considered the leading composer of late 16th-century Europe.

Giovanni da Verrazzano

36 Giovanni da Verrazzano was an Italian (Florentine) explorer of North America, in the service of King Francis I of France.

Carlo Porta

36 Carlo Porta was an Italian poet, the most famous writer in Milanese.                               

Giorgio La Pira

36 Giorgio La Pira, TOSD was an Italian Catholic politician who served as the Mayor of Florence. He also served as a deputy for Christian Democracy and participated in the assembly that wrote the Italian Constitution following World War II. In his public and private life he was a tireless champion of peace and human rights who worked for the betterment of the poor and disenfranchised. La Pira belonged to the Third Order of Saint Dominic. From 1934 until his death he lived in the San Marco complex.

Giovanni Segantini

35 Giovanni Segantini was an Italian painter known for his large pastoral landscapes of the Alps. He was one of the most famous artists in Europe in the late 19th century, and his paintings were collected by major museums. In later life, he combined a Divisionist painting style with Symbolist images of nature. He was active in Switzerland during the last period of his life.

Carlo Collodi

35 Carlo Lorenzini, better known by the pen name Carlo Collodi, was an Italian author, humourist, and journalist, widely known for his fairy tale novel The Adventures of Pinocchio.

Karl Marx

35 Karl Marx was a German-born philosopher, economist, political theorist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His best-known works are the 1848 pamphlet The Communist Manifesto and the three-volume Das Kapital (1867–1894); the latter employs his critical approach of historical materialism in an analysis of capitalism and is the culmination of his intellectual efforts. Marx's ideas and theories and their subsequent development, collectively known as Marxism, have exerted enormous influence on modern intellectual, economic and political history.

Amedeo Modigliani

35 Amedeo Clemente Modigliani was an Italian painter and sculptor of the École de Paris who worked mainly in France. He is known for portraits and nudes in a modern style characterized by a surreal elongation of faces, necks, and figures — works that were not received well during his lifetime, but later became much sought-after. Modigliani spent his youth in Italy, where he studied the art of antiquity and the Renaissance. In 1906, he moved to Paris, where he came into contact with such artists as Pablo Picasso and Constantin Brâncuși. By 1912, Modigliani was exhibiting highly stylized sculptures with Cubists of the Section d'Or group at the Salon d'Automne.

Saint Christopher

34 Saint Christopher is venerated by several Christian denominations as a martyr killed in the reign of the 3rd-century Roman emperor Decius, or alternatively under the emperor Maximinus Daia. There appears to be confusion due to the similarity in names "Decius" and "Daia". Churches and monasteries were named after him by the 7th century.

Piero della Francesca

34 Piero della Francesca was an Italian painter of the early Renaissance. To contemporaries he was also known as a mathematician and geometer. Nowadays Piero della Francesca is chiefly appreciated for his art. His painting is characterized by its serene humanism, its use of geometric forms and perspective. His most famous work is the cycle of frescoes The History of the True Cross in the church of San Francesco in the Tuscan town of Arezzo.

Giulio Pastore

34 Giulio Pastore è stato un sindacalista e politico italiano, Ministro con delega al Mezzogiorno in tutti i governi tra il 1958 e il 1968 nonché fondatore e primo segretario nazionale della CISL, che ha guidato dal 1950 al 1958.

Riccardo Zandonai

34 Riccardo Zandonai was an Italian composer and conductor.                                           

Vittorio Bottego

34 Vittorio Bottego was an Italian army officer and one of the first Western explorers of Jubaland in the Horn of Africa, where he led two expeditions. He was an artillery captain in the Italian Army.

Daniel of Padua

34 Saint Daniel of Padua is venerated as the deacon of Saint Prosdocimus, the first Bishop of Padua. Said to have been of Jewish extraction, he aided Prosdocimus, who evangelized northeastern Nava. Daniel was later martyred.

Luigi Monza

33 Blessed Luigi Monza was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and the founder of the Secular Institute of the Little Apostles of Charity. Monza's pastoral mission was defined with catering to the needs of the poor and the sick and used his new congregation as a means of spreading this mission.

Tommaso Campanella

33 Tommaso Campanella, baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet.

Luigi Carlo Farini

33 Luigi Carlo Farini was an Italian physician, statesman and historian.                               

Umberto Saba

33 Umberto Saba was an Italian poet and novelist, born Umberto Poli in the cosmopolitan Mediterranean port of Trieste when it was the fourth largest city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Poli assumed the pen name "Saba" in 1910, and his name was officially changed to Umberto Saba in 1928. From 1919 he was the proprietor of an antiquarian bookshop in Trieste. He suffered from depression for all of his adult life.

Giuseppe Zanardelli

33 Giuseppe Zanardelli was an Italian jurist and political figure. He served as the Prime Minister of Italy from 15 February 1901 to 3 November 1903. An eloquent orator, he was also a Grand Master freemason. Zanardelli, representing the bourgeoisie from Lombardy, personified the classical 19th-century liberalism, committed to suffrage expansion, anticlericalism, civil liberties, free trade and laissez-faire economics. Throughout his long political career, he was among the most ardent advocates of freedom of conscience and divorce.

Tito Speri

33 Tito Speri was an Italian patriot and hero of the Risorgimento.                                     

Olof Palme

33 Sven Olof Joachim Palme was a Swedish politician and statesman who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1969 to 1976 and 1982 to 1986. Palme led the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1969 until his assassination in 1986.

Bernardino of Siena

33 Bernardino of Siena, OFM, was an Italian Catholic priest and Franciscan missionary preacher in Italy. He was a systematizer of scholastic economics.

Carlo Gnocchi

32 Carlo Gnocchi was an Italian priest, educator and writer. He is venerated as a blessed by the Catholic Church.

Enzo Ferrari

32 Enzo Anselmo Giuseppe Maria Ferrari was an Italian motor racing driver and entrepreneur, the founder of the Scuderia Ferrari Grand Prix motor racing team, and subsequently of the Ferrari automobile marque. He was widely known as Il Commendatore or Il Drake. In his final years he was often referred to as L'Ingegnere or Il Grande Vecchio.

Dominic Savio

32 Dominic Savio was an Italian student of John Bosco. He was studying to be a priest when he became ill and died at the age of 14, possibly from pleurisy. He was noted for his piety and devotion to the Catholic faith, and was canonized a saint by Pope Pius XII in 1954.

Cesare Cantù

32 Cesare Cantù was an Italian historian, writer, archivist and politician. An immensely prolific writer, Cantù was one of Italy's best-known and most important Romantic scholars.

Camillo Prampolini

32 Camillo Prampolini è stato un politico socialista italiano.                                         

Benedetto Cairoli

31 Benedetto Cairoli was an Italian politician, who served as Prime Minister of Italy for 2 years.     

Giacomo Zanella

31 Giacomo Zanella was an Italian poet.                                                               

Lorenzo Perosi

31 Monsignor Lorenzo Perosi was an Italian composer of sacred music and the only member of the Giovane Scuola who did not write opera. In the late 1890s, while he was still only in his twenties, Perosi was an internationally celebrated composer of sacred music, especially large-scale oratorios. Nobel Prize winner Romain Rolland wrote, "It's not easy to give you an exact idea of how popular Lorenzo Perosi is in his native country." Perosi's fame was not restricted to Europe. A 19 March 1899 New York Times article entitled "The Genius of Don Perosi" began, "The great and ever-increasing success which has greeted the four new oratorios of Don Lorenzo Perosi has placed this young priest-composer on a pedestal of fame which can only be compared with that which has been accorded of late years to the idolized Pietro Mascagni by his fellow-countrymen." Gianandrea Gavazzeni made the same comparison: "The sudden clamors of applause, at the end of the [19th] century, were just like those a decade earlier for Mascagni." Perosi worked for five Popes, including Pope Pius X who greatly fostered his rise.

Saint Barbara

31 Saint Barbara, known in the Eastern Orthodox Church as the Great Martyr Barbara, was an early Christian Greek saint and martyr.

Amadeo I of Spain

31 Amadeo I, also known as Amadeus, was an Italian prince who reigned as King of Spain from 1870 to 1873. The only king of Spain to come from the House of Savoy, he was the second son of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and was known for most of his life as the Duke of Aosta, the usual title for a second son in the Savoyard dynasty.

Ferruccio Parri

31 Ferruccio Parri was an Italian partisan and anti-fascist politician who served as the 29th Prime Minister of Italy, and the first to be appointed after the end of World War II. During the war, he was also known by his nom de guerre Maurizio.

Cornelius Gallus

31 Gaius Cornelius Gallus was a Roman poet, orator, politician and military commander, at one time appointed by the Emperor Augustus as prefect of Egypt. Although only nine lines of his poetry are extant today, he was considered by Ovid as one of the major Latin poets of the 1st century BC.

Giovanni Bovio

30 Giovanni Bovio was an Italian philosopher and a politician of the Italian Republican Party.         

Leon Battista Alberti

30 Leon Battista Alberti was an Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, and cryptographer; he epitomised the nature of those identified now as polymaths. He is considered the founder of Western cryptography, a claim he shares with Johannes Trithemius.

Girolamo Savonarola

30 Girolamo Savonarola, OP or Jerome Savonarola was an ascetic Dominican friar from Ferrara and a preacher active in Renaissance Florence. He became known for his prophecies of civic glory, his advocacy of the destruction of secular art and culture, and his calls for Christian renewal. He denounced clerical corruption, despotic rule, and the exploitation of the poor.

Pope Paul VI

30 Pope Paul VI was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in August 1978. Succeeding John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council, which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms. He fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestant churches, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. In January 1964, he flew to Jordan, the first time a reigning pontiff had left Italy in more than a century.

Alessandro Tassoni

30 Alessandro Tassoni was an Italian poet and writer, from Modena, best known as the author of the mock-heroic poem La secchia rapita.

John the Baptist

30 John the Baptist was a Jewish preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early 1st century AD. He is also known as Saint John the Forerunner in Eastern Orthodoxy, John the Immerser in some Baptist Christian traditions, Saint John by certain Catholic churches, and Prophet Yahya in Islam. He is sometimes alternatively referred to as John the Baptiser.

John Cabot

30 John Cabot was an Italian navigator and explorer. His 1497 voyage to the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII, King of England is the earliest known European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments declared Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.

Giambattista Vico

30 Giambattista Vico was an Italian philosopher, rhetorician, historian, and jurist during the Italian Enlightenment. He criticized the expansion and development of modern rationalism, finding Cartesian analysis and other types of reductionism impractical to human life, and he was an apologist for classical antiquity and the Renaissance humanities, in addition to being the first expositor of the fundamentals of social science and of semiotics. He is recognised as one of the first Counter-Enlightenment figures in history.

Francesco de Sanctis

30 Francesco de Sanctis was an Italian literary critic, scholar and politician, leading critic and historian of Italian language and literature during the 19th century.

Flavio Gioja

30 Flavio Gioia or Gioja, also known as Ioannes Gira Amalphensis is reputed to have been an Italian mariner, inventor, and supposedly a marine pilot. He has traditionally been credited with developing the sailor's compass, but this has been debated. However, he is credited with perfecting it by suspending its needle over a wind rose design with north designed by a fleur-de-lys, and enclosing it in a box with a glass cover. He was also said to have introduced such design, which pointed North, to defend against Charles of Anjou, the French king of Naples.

Paul the Deacon

30 Paul the Deacon, also known as Paulus Diaconus, Warnefridus, Barnefridus, or Winfridus, and sometimes suffixed Cassinensis, was a Benedictine monk, scribe, and historian of the Lombards.

Ennio Porrino

30 Ennio Porrino was an Italian composer and teacher. Amongst his compositions were orchestral works, an oratorio and several operas and ballets. His best known work is the symphonic poem Sardegna, a tribute to his native Sardinia, which premiered in Florence in 1933.

Arturo Zardini

30 Arturo Zardini è stato un compositore italiano.                                                     

Paolo Veronese

29 Paolo Caliari, known as Paolo Veronese, was an Italian Renaissance painter based in Venice, known for extremely large history paintings of religion and mythology, such as The Wedding at Cana (1563) and The Feast in the House of Levi (1573). Included with Titian, a generation older, and Tintoretto, a decade senior, Veronese is one of the "great trio that dominated Venetian painting of the cinquecento" and the Late Renaissance in the 16th century. Known as a supreme colorist, and after an early period with Mannerism, Paolo Veronese developed a naturalist style of painting, influenced by Titian.

Antonio Locatelli

29 Antonio Locatelli was a pioneering Italian aviator and National Fascist Party legislator. He served in Gabriele d'Annunzio's air squadron during the war against Austria and was decorated. After the war, he became a deputy to Parliament. In 1924 he attempted a transatlantic flight but was forced down into the seas off Greenland, whence he was rescued. He was killed during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.

Giuseppe Cesare Abba

29 Giuseppe Cesare Abba was an Italian patriot and writer. As a participant on the expedition of i Mille he fought next to Giuseppe Garibaldi in his conquest of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1860.

Antonio Stoppani

29 Antonio Stoppani was an Italian Catholic priest, patriot, geologist and palaeontologist. He studied the geology of the Italian region and wrote a popular treatise, Il Bel Paese, on geology and natural history. He was among the first to propose a geological epoch dominated by human activities that altered the shape of the land.

Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi

29 Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi was an Italian writer and politician involved in the Italian Risorgimento.

Renato Fucini

29 Renato Fucini (1843–1921) was an Italian writer and poet.                                           

Fra Angelico

29 Fra Angelico, OP was a Dominican friar and Italian painter of the Early Renaissance, described by Giorgio Vasari in his Lives of the Artists as having "a rare and perfect talent". He earned his reputation primarily for the series of frescoes he made for his own friary, San Marco, in Florence, then worked in Rome and other cities. All his known work is of religious subjects.

Vasco da Gama

29 Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira, was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.

Pope Sylvester I

29 Pope Sylvester I was the bishop of Rome from 31 January 314 until his death on 31 December 335. He filled the See of Rome at an important era in the history of the Western Church, though very little is known of his life.

Alessandro Scarlatti

29 Pietro Alessandro Gaspare Scarlatti was an Italian Baroque composer, known especially for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is considered the most important representative of the Neapolitan school of opera.

Alfredo Oriani

28 Alfredo Oriani was an Italian author, writer and social critic. He is often considered a precursor of Fascism, and in 1940 his books were placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum of the Catholic Church.

Sacco and Vanzetti

28 Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants and anarchists who were controversially convicted of murdering Alessandro Berardelli and Frederick Parmenter, a guard and a paymaster, during the April 15, 1920, armed robbery of the Slater and Morrill Shoe Company in Braintree, Massachusetts, United States. Seven years later, they were executed in the electric chair at Charlestown State Prison.

Giuseppe Motta

28 Giuseppe Motta was a Swiss politician. He was a member of the Swiss Federal Council (1911–1940) and President of the League of Nations (1924–1925). He was a Catholic-conservative foreign minister and a staunch opponent of communism and Stalinism.

Giuseppe Massarenti

28 Giuseppe Massarenti è stato un politico e sindacalista italiano. Pioniere delle lotte sindacali nella pianura bolognese, organizzò e guidò il movimento dei lavoratori agricoli di Molinella, comune di cui fu tre volte sindaco e che durante la sua amministrazione divenne un modello del socialismo riformista italiano. Perseguitato dal fascismo, fu inviato al confino per cinque anni. Fu poi rinchiuso in un manicomio con una perizia falsa. Per la sua vita, interamente dedicata alla redenzione dei contadini di Molinella, venne chiamato il Santo delle paludi.

Guido Reni

28 Guido Reni was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, although his works showed a classical manner, similar to Simon Vouet, Nicolas Poussin, and Philippe de Champaigne. He painted primarily religious works, but also mythological and allegorical subjects. Active in Rome, Naples, and his native Bologna, he became the dominant figure in the Bolognese School that emerged under the influence of the Carracci.

Piersanti Mattarella

28 Piersanti Mattarella was an Italian politician who was assassinated by the Mafia while he held the position of President of the Regional Government of Sicily. A member of Christian Democracy, he was the older brother of Sergio Mattarella, who has been President of Italy since 2015.

Cesare Balbo

27 Cesare Balbo, Conte di Vinadio, was an Italian writer and statesman.                               

Giuseppe Toniolo

27 Giuseppe Toniolo was an Italian Roman Catholic economist, sociologist, and pioneer of Christian democracy. A leading political and social economist, Toniolo condemned both socialism and laissez-faire capitalism, advocating instead for an economic system in which social, judicial, and economic forces cooperate proportionately for the common good. Toniolo was an early Catholic advocate of labour unions and social reform. Describing the economy as an "integral part of the operative design of God," his work was inspired by Catholic social teaching.

Amedeo Avogadro

27 Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, Count of Quaregna and Cerreto (, also, Italian: [ameˈdɛːo avoˈɡaːdro]; 9 August 1776 – 9 July 1856) was an Italian scientist, most noted for his contribution to molecular theory now known as Avogadro's law, which states that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure will contain equal numbers of molecules. In tribute to him, the ratio of the number of elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions or other particles) in a substance to its amount of substance (the latter having the unit mole), 6.02214076×1023 mol−1, is known as the Avogadro constant. This constant is denoted NA, and is one of the seven defining constants of the SI.

Padre Pio

27 Pio of Pietrelcina, widely known as Padre Pio, was an Italian Capuchin friar, priest, stigmatist, and mystic. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, celebrated on 23 September.

Italo Svevo

26 Aron Hector Schmitz, better known by the pseudonym Italo Svevo, was an Italian and Austro-Hungarian writer, businessman, novelist, playwright, and short story writer.

Antonio Labriola

26 Antonio Labriola was an Italian Marxist theoretician and philosopher. Although an academic philosopher and never an active member of any Marxist political party, his thought exerted influence on many political theorists in Italy during the early 20th century, including the founder of the Italian Liberal Party, Benedetto Croce, as well as the leaders of the Italian Communist Party, Antonio Gramsci and Amadeo Bordiga. He also influenced the Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician Leon Trotsky.

Antonio Pigafetta

26 Antonio Pigafetta was a Venetian scholar and explorer. He joined the Spanish expedition to the Spice Islands led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, the world's first circumnavigation, and is best known for being the chronicler of the voyage. During the expedition, he served as Magellan's assistant until Magellan's death in the Philippine Islands, and kept an accurate journal, which later assisted him in translating the Cebuano language. It is the first recorded document concerning the language.

Manfredo Fanti

25 Manfredo Fanti was an Italian general; he is known as the founder of the Royal Italian Army.       

Giuseppe Romita

25 Giuseppe Romita was an Italian socialist politician. He served several times as a cabinet minister and member of the Italian Parliament.

Guido of Arezzo

25 Guido of Arezzo was an Italian music theorist and pedagogue of High medieval music. A Benedictine monk, he is regarded as the inventor—or by some, developer—of the modern staff notation that had a massive influence on the development of Western musical notation and practice. Perhaps the most significant European writer on music between Boethius and Johannes Tinctoris, after the former's De institutione musica, Guido's Micrologus was the most widely distributed medieval treatise on music.

Guido Gozzano

25 Guido Gustavo Gozzano was an Italian poet and writer.                                               

Agatha of Sicily

25 Agatha of Sicily is a Christian saint. Her feast is on 5 February. Agatha was born in Catania, part of the Roman Province of Sicily, and was martyred c. 251. She is one of several virgin martyrs who are commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass.

Pablo Picasso

25 Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War.

Giovanni Paisiello

25 Giovanni Paisiello was an Italian composer of the Classical era, and was the most popular opera composer of the late 1700s. His operatic style influenced Mozart and Rossini.

Giorgio Asproni (politico)

25 Giorgio Asproni è stato un politico italiano, tra le massime figure della storia moderna sarda, autonomista, federalista e repubblicano.

Thomas the Apostle

24 Thomas the Apostle, also known as Didymus, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Thomas is commonly known as "Doubting Thomas" because he initially doubted the resurrection of Jesus Christ when he was told of it ; he later confessed his faith on seeing the places where the wounds had healed on the holy body of Jesus after the Crucifixion of Jesus. While it is often assumed he touched the wounds in art and poetry, the scriptures do not say that he touched the wounds.

Vitalis of Milan

24 Vitalis of Milan was an early Christian martyr and saint.                                           

Jesus

24 Jesus, also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many other names and titles, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the central figure of Christianity, the world's largest religion. Most Christians believe Jesus to be the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited messiah, the Christ that is prophesied in the Old Testament.

Arcangelo Corelli

24 Arcangelo Corelli was an Italian composer and violinist of the Baroque era. His music was key in the development of the modern genres of sonata and concerto, in establishing the preeminence of the violin, and as the first coalescing of modern tonality and functional harmony.

Giovanni Falcone

24 Giovanni Salvatore Augusto Falcone è stato un magistrato italiano.                                 

Umberto Terracini

24 Umberto Elia Terracini was an Italian politician.                                                   

Pietro Fortunato Calvi

24 Pietro Fortunato Calvi, noto anche come Pier Fortunato Calvi, è stato un patriota italiano, uno dei Martiri di Belfiore.

Federico Confalonieri

24 Count Federico Confalonieri was an Italian revolutionist.                                           

Francesco Ciusa

24 Francesco Ciusa was an Italian sculptor.                                                           

Matteo Maria Boiardo

23 Matteo Maria Boiardo was an Italian Renaissance poet, best known for his epic poem Orlando innamorato.

Giorgione

23 Giorgione was an Italian painter of the Venetian school during the High Renaissance, who died in his thirties. He is known for the elusive poetic quality of his work, though only about six surviving paintings are firmly attributed to him. The uncertainty surrounding the identity and meaning of his work has made Giorgione one of the most mysterious figures in European art.

Tommaso Grossi

23 Tommaso Grossi was an Italian poet and novelist.                                                   

Gianni Rodari

23 Giovanni Francesco "Gianni" Rodari was an Italian writer and journalist, most famous for his works of children's literature, notably Il romanzo di Cipollino. For his lasting contribution as a children's author, he received the biennial Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1970. He is considered as Italy's most important 20th-century children's author and his books have been translated into many languages, though few have been published in English.

Marco Minghetti

23 Marco Minghetti was an Italian economist and statesman.                                             

Louis Pasteur

23 Louis Pasteur was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the last of which was named after him. His research in chemistry led to remarkable breakthroughs in the understanding of the causes and preventions of diseases, which laid down the foundations of hygiene, public health and much of modern medicine. Pasteur's works are credited with saving millions of lives through the developments of vaccines for rabies and anthrax. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern bacteriology and has been honored as the "father of bacteriology" and the "father of microbiology".

Fabrizio De André

23 Fabrizio Cristiano De André was an Italian singer-songwriter and the most-prominent cantautore of his time. His 40-year career reflects his interests in concept albums, literature, poetry, political protest, and French music. He is considered a prominent member of the Genoese School. Because of the success of his music in Italy and its impact on the Italian collective memory, many public places such as roads, squares, and schools in Italy are named after De André.

Matthew the Apostle

23 Matthew the Apostle is named in the New Testament as one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. According to Christian traditions, he was also one of the four Evangelists as author of the Gospel of Matthew, and thus is also known as Matthew the Evangelist.

Ignazio Silone

23 Secondino Tranquilli, best known by the pseudonym Ignazio Silone, was an Italian politician, novelist, essayist, playwright, and short-story writer, world-famous during World War II for his powerful anti-fascist novels. Considered among the most well-known and read Italian intellectuals in Europe and in the world, his most famous novel, Fontamara, became emblematic for its denunciation of the condition of poverty, injustice, and social oppression of the lower classes, has been translated into numerous languages. From 1946 to 1963, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Rita of Cascia

23 Rita of Cascia, OSA, was an Italian widow and Augustinian nun. After Rita's husband died, she joined an Augustinian community of religious sisters, where she was known both for practicing mortification of the flesh and for the efficacy of her prayers. Various miracles are attributed to her intercession, and she is often portrayed with a bleeding wound on her forehead, which is understood to indicate a partial stigmata.

Ezio Vanoni

23 Ezio Vanoni was an Italian economist and politician who served as Minister of Finance from May 1948 to January 1954 and Minister Budget from January 1954 until February 1956.

Piero Calamandrei

23 Piero Calamandrei was an Italian author, jurist, soldier, university professor, and politician. He was one of Italy's leading authorities on the law of civil procedure.

Giovanni Battista Tuveri

23 Giovanni Battista Tuveri è stato un filosofo, scrittore e politico italiano.                       

Federico Fellini

22 Federico Fellini was an Italian film director and screenwriter. He is known for his distinctive style, which blends fantasy and baroque images with earthiness. He is recognized as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time. His films have ranked highly in critical polls such as that of Cahiers du Cinéma and Sight & Sound, which lists his 1963 film 8+1⁄2 as the 10th-greatest film.

Philip Neri

22 Philip Romolo Neri, known as the "Second Apostle of Rome" after Saint Peter, was an Italian Catholic priest noted for founding the Congregation of the Oratory, a society of secular clergy.

Alberto da Giussano

22 Alberto da Giussano is a legendary character of the 12th century who would have participated, as a protagonist, in the battle of Legnano on 29 May 1176. In reality, according to historians, the actual military leader of the Lombard League in the famous military battle with Frederick Barbarossa was Guido da Landriano. Historical analyses made over time have indeed shown that the figure of Alberto da Giussano never existed.

Ludwig van Beethoven

22 Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music. Beethoven's career has conventionally been divided into early, middle, and late periods. His early period, during which he forged his craft, is typically considered to have lasted until 1802. From 1802 to around 1812, his middle period showed an individual development from the styles of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and is sometimes characterized as heroic. During this time, he began to grow increasingly deaf. In his late period, from 1812 to 1827, he extended his innovations in musical form and expression.

Guido Cavalcanti

22 Guido Cavalcanti was an Italian poet. He was also a friend and intellectual influence on Dante Alighieri.

Rosa Luxemburg

22 Rosa Luxemburg was a Polish and naturalised-German revolutionary socialist, orthodox Marxist, and anti-War activist during the First World War. She became a key figure of the revolutionary socialist movements of Poland and Germany during the late 19th and early 20th century, particularly the Spartacist uprising.

Primo Levi

22 Primo Michele Levi was a Jewish-Italian chemist, partisan, writer, and Holocaust survivor. He was the author of several books, collections of short stories, essays, poems and one novel. His best-known works include If This Is a Man, his account of the year he spent as a prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp in Nazi-occupied Poland; and The Periodic Table (1975), a collection of mostly autobiographical short stories each named after a chemical element as it played a role in each story, which the Royal Institution named the best science book ever written.

Agnes of Rome

22 Agnes of Rome is a virgin martyr, venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodox Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, as well as the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Churches. She is one of several virgin martyrs commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass, and one of many Christians martyred during the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian.

Francesco Guicciardini

22 Francesco Guicciardini was an Italian historian and statesman. A friend and critic of Niccolò Machiavelli, he is considered one of the major political writers of the Italian Renaissance. In his masterpiece, The History of Italy, Guicciardini paved the way for a new style in historiography with his use of government sources to support arguments and the realistic analysis of the people and events of his time.

Nilde Iotti

22 Leonilde Iotti, commonly known as Nilde Iotti was an Italian politician, member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). She was the first and only woman member of the PCI to become the president of the Chamber of Deputies, an office she held for three consecutive legislatures from 1979 to 1992, becoming the longest-serving post-war president of the Chamber.

Bernardino Luini

22 Bernardino Luini was a north Italian painter from Leonardo's circle during the High Renaissance. Both Luini and Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio were said to have worked with Leonardo directly; he was described as having taken "as much from Leonardo as his native roots enabled him to comprehend". Consequently, many of his works were attributed to Leonardo. He was known especially for his graceful female figures with elongated eyes, called Luinesque by Vladimir Nabokov.

Cicero

21 Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, writer and Academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. His extensive writings include treatises on rhetoric, philosophy and politics. He is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists and the innovator of what became known as "Ciceronian rhetoric". Cicero was educated in Rome and in Greece. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the Roman equestrian order, and served as consul in 63 BC.

Francesco Ferruccio

21 Francesco Ferruccio was an Italian captain from Florence who fought in the Italian Wars.           

Saint Cecilia

21 Saint Cecilia, also spelled Cecelia, was a Roman virgin martyr and is venerated in Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran churches, such as the Church of Sweden. She became the patroness of music and musicians, it being written that, as the musicians played at her wedding, Cecilia "sang in her heart to the Lord". Musical compositions are dedicated to her, and her feast, on 22 November, is the occasion of concerts and musical festivals. She is also known as Cecilia of Rome.

Antonio Cantore

21 Antonio Cantore was an Italian general.                                                             

Alfredo Casella

21 Alfredo Casella was an Italian composer, pianist and conductor.                                     

Aleardo Aleardi

21 Aleardo Aleardi, born Gaetano Maria, was an Italian poet who belonged to the so-called Neo-romanticists.

Tito Livio

21 Tito Livio  fue un historiador romano que escribió una monumental historia del Estado romano en ciento cuarenta y dos libros, desde la legendaria llegada de Eneas a las costas del Lacio hasta la muerte del cuestor y pretor Druso el Mayor.

Zeno of Verona

21 Zeno of Verona was an Afro-Italian Christian figure believe to have either served as Bishop of Verona or died as a martyr. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church.

Pope Gregory I

21 Pope Gregory I, commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the 64th Bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death. He is known for instituting the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome, the Gregorian mission, to convert the then largely pagan Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. Gregory is also well known for his writings, which were more prolific than those of any of his predecessors as pope. The epithet Saint Gregory the Dialogist has been attached to him in Eastern Christianity because of his Dialogues. English translations of Eastern texts sometimes list him as Gregory "Dialogos" from the Greek διάλογος, or the Anglo-Latinate equivalent "Dialogus".

Adelaide Ristori

21 Adelaide Ristori was a distinguished Italian tragedienne, who was often referred to as the Marquise.

Girolamo Frescobaldi

21 Girolamo Alessandro Frescobaldi was an Italian composer and virtuoso keyboard player. Born in the Duchy of Ferrara, he was one of the most important composers of keyboard music in the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods. A child prodigy, Frescobaldi studied under Luzzasco Luzzaschi in Ferrara, but was influenced by many composers, including Ascanio Mayone, Giovanni Maria Trabaci, and Claudio Merulo. Girolamo Frescobaldi was appointed organist of St. Peter's Basilica, a focal point of power for the Cappella Giulia, from 21 July 1608 until 1628 and again from 1634 until his death.

Isaac Newton

21 Sir Isaac Newton was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His pioneering book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, first published in 1687, consolidated many previous results and established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing infinitesimal calculus, though he developed calculus years before Leibniz.

Ettore Majorana

21 Ettore Majorana was an Italian theoretical physicist who worked on neutrino masses. On 25 March 1938, he disappeared under mysterious circumstances after purchasing a ticket to travel by ship from Palermo to Naples.

Saint Maurice

20 Maurice was an Egyptian military leader who headed the legendary Theban Legion of Rome in the 3rd century, and is one of the favourite and most widely venerated saints of that martyred group. He is the patron saint of several professions, locales, and kingdoms.

Paolo Sarpi

20 Paolo Sarpi was a Venetian historian, prelate, scientist, canon lawyer, polymath and statesman active on behalf of the Venetian Republic during the period of its successful defiance of the papal interdict (1605–1607) and its war (1615–1617) with Austria over the Uskok pirates. His writings, frankly polemical and highly critical of the Catholic Church and its Scholastic tradition, "inspired both Hobbes and Edward Gibbon in their own historical debunkings of priestcraft." Sarpi's major work, the History of the Council of Trent (1619), was published in London in 1619; other works: a History of Ecclesiastical Benefices, History of the Interdict and his Supplement to the History of the Uskoks, appeared posthumously. Organized around single topics, they are early examples of the genre of the historical monograph.

Che Guevara

20 Ernesto "Che" Guevara was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia in popular culture.

Sebastian Cabot (explorer)

20 Sebastian Cabot was a Venetian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic and a Venetian citizen. He was the son of Venetian explorer John Cabot and his Venetian wife Mattea.

Italo Calvino

20 Italo Calvino was an Italian writer and journalist. His best-known works include the Our Ancestors trilogy (1952–1959), the Cosmicomics collection of short stories (1965), and the novels Invisible Cities (1972) and If on a winter's night a traveler (1979).

Yuri Gagarin

20 Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who, aboard the first successful crewed spaceflight, became the first human to journey into outer space. Travelling on Vostok 1, Gagarin completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961, with his flight taking 108 minutes. By achieving this major milestone for the Soviet Union amidst the Space Race, he became an international celebrity and was awarded many medals and titles, including the nation's highest distinction: Hero of the Soviet Union.

Luchino Visconti

20 Luchino Visconti di Modrone, Count of Lonate Pozzolo was an Italian filmmaker, theatre and opera director, and screenwriter. He was one of the fathers of cinematic neorealism, but later moved towards luxurious, sweeping epics dealing with themes of beauty, decadence, death, and European history, especially the decay of the nobility and the bourgeoisie. Critic Jonathan Jones wrote that “no one did as much to shape Italian cinema as Luchino Visconti.”

Pancras of Rome

20 Pancras was a Roman citizen who converted to Christianity and was beheaded for his faith at the age of fourteen, around the year 304. His name is Greek (Πανκράτιος) and means "the one that holds everything".

Teresa Urrea

19 Teresa Urrea, often referred to as Teresita and also known as Santa Teresa or La Santa de Cábora among the Mayo, was a Mexican mystic, folk healer, and revolutionary insurgent.

Sophia of Rome

19 Saint Sophia of Rome is venerated as a Christian martyr. She is identified in hagiographical tradition with the figure of Sophia of Milan, the mother of Saints Faith, Hope and Charity, whose veneration is attested for the sixth century.

Giuseppe Dessì

19 Giuseppe Dessì was an Italian novelist, short-story writer and playwright from Sardinia. His novel Paese d'ombre won the 1972 Strega Prize and was translated into English as The Forests of Norbio.

Antoninus of Sorrento

19 Antoninus of Sorrento was an Italian abbot, hermit, and saint.                                     

Guglielmo Pepe

19 Guglielmo Pepe was an Italian general and patriot. He was brother to Florestano Pepe and cousin to Gabriele Pepe. He was married to Mary Ann Coventry, a Scottish woman who was the widow of John Borthwick Gilchrist, linguist and surgeon to the East India Company.

Claudio Treves

19 Claudio Treves was an Italian politician and journalist.                                           

Francesco Rismondo

19 Francesco Rismondo was an Austrian-born Italian irredentist and decorated military volunteer.       

Pietro Metastasio

19 Pietro Antonio Domenico Trapassi, better known by his pseudonym of Pietro Metastasio, was an Italian poet and librettist, considered the most important writer of opera seria libretti.

Giuseppe Dossetti

19 Giuseppe Dossetti was an Italian jurist, a politician, and also a Catholic priest from 1958 onward. 

Giovanni Battista Morgagni

19 Giovanni Battista Morgagni was an Italian anatomist, generally regarded as the father of modern anatomical pathology, who taught thousands of medical students from many countries during his 56 years as Professor of Anatomy at the University of Padua.

Lazzaro Spallanzani

19 Lazzaro Spallanzani was an Italian Catholic priest, biologist and physiologist who made important contributions to the experimental study of bodily functions, animal reproduction, and animal echolocation. His research on biogenesis paved the way for the downfall of the theory of spontaneous generation, a prevailing idea at the time that organisms develop from inanimate matters, though the final death blow to the idea was dealt by French scientist Louis Pasteur a century later.

Enrico Tazzoli (priest)

19 Enrico Tazzoli was an Italian patriot and priest, the best known of the Belfiore martyrs.           

Justus of Trieste

19 Saint Justus of Trieste is a Roman Catholic saint.                                                 

Jacopo Tomadini

19 Jacopo Bartolomeo Tomadini è stato un compositore e presbitero italiano. Noto per le composizioni di musica sacra, nel 1922 gli è stato intitolato il Conservatorio di Udine.

Luigi Capuana

18 Luigi Capuana was an Italian author and journalist and one of the most important members of the verist movement. He was a contemporary of Giovanni Verga, both having been born in the province of Catania within a year of each other. He was also one of the first Italian authors influenced by the works of Émile Zola, French author and creator of naturalism. Capuana also wrote poetry in Sicilian, of which an example appears below.

Domenico Millelire

18 Domenico Millelire, pseudonym of Domenico Leoni, was an Italian patriot, and officer of Regia Marina Sarda. He is recognised to have gained the first Gold Medal of Military Valor in Italian history. Millelire gave the first defeat to Napoleon Bonaparte.

Eleonora Duse

18 Eleonora Giulia Amalia Duse, often known simply as Duse, was an Italian actress, rated by many as the greatest of her time. She performed in many countries, notably in the plays of Gabriele D'Annunzio and Henrik Ibsen. Duse achieved a unique power of conviction and verity on the stage through intense absorption in the character, "eliminating the self" as she put it, and letting the qualities emerge from within, not imposed through artifice.

Antonio Fratti

18 Antonio Fratti è stato un patriota, politico, avvocato e pubblicista italiano.                     

Gian Domenico Romagnosi

18 Gian Domenico Romagnosi was an Italian philosopher, economist and jurist.                           

Felix of Nola

18 Felix of Nola was a Christian presbyter at Nola near Naples in Italy. He sold off his possessions to give to the poor, but was arrested and tortured for his Christian faith during the persecution of Roman Emperor Decius. He was believed to have died a martyr's death during the persecution of Decius or Valerian but is now listed in the General Roman Calendar as a confessor of the faith, who survived his tortures.

Pope Pius XII

18 Pope Pius XII was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958. Before his election to the papacy, he served as secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, papal nuncio to Germany, and Cardinal Secretary of State, in which capacity he worked to conclude treaties with various European and Latin American nations, including the Reichskonkordat treaty with the German Reich.

Pope John Paul I

18 Pope John Paul I was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City from 26 August 1978 until his death 33 days later. His reign is among the shortest in papal history, resulting in the most recent year of three popes and the first to occur since 1605. John Paul I remains the most recent Italian-born pope, the last in a succession of such popes that started with Clement VII in 1523.

Fausto Coppi

18 Angelo Fausto Coppi was an Italian cyclist, the dominant international cyclist of the years after the Second World War. His successes earned him the title Il Campionissimo. He was an all-round racing cyclist: he excelled in both climbing and time trialing, and was also a good sprinter. He won the Giro d'Italia five times, the Tour de France twice, and the World Championship in 1953. Other notable results include winning the Giro di Lombardia five times, the Milan–San Remo three times, as well as wins at Paris–Roubaix and La Flèche Wallonne and setting the hour record (45.798 km) in 1942.

Enrico Cialdini

18 Enrico Cialdini, Duca di Gaeta was an Italian soldier, politician and diplomat.                     

Amatore Sciesa

18 Amatore Sciesa è stato un patriota italiano. Era conosciuto anche col nome di Antonio Sciesa, a causa di un errore di trascrizione reso noto dopo varie ricerche e studi dallo scrittore Leo Pollini.

Melozzo da Forlì

18 Melozzo da Forlì was an Italian Renaissance painter and architect. His fresco paintings are notable for the use of foreshortening. He was the most important member of the Forlì painting school.

Marco Biagi (jurist)

18 Marco Biagi was an Italian jurist. A native of Bologna, he was professor of labour law and industrial relations at the University of Modena.

Johann Sebastian Bach

18 Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his prolific authorship of music across a variety of instruments and forms, including; orchestral music such as the Brandenburg Concertos; solo instrumental works such as the cello suites and sonatas and partitas for solo violin; keyboard works such as the Goldberg Variations and The Well-Tempered Clavier; organ works such as the Schubler Chorales and the Toccata and Fugue in D minor; and choral works such as the St Matthew Passion and the Mass in B minor. Since the 19th-century Bach Revival, he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music.

Leonardo Alagon

18 Leonardo Alagon, even Alagón or de Alagón,, was the last marquis of Oristano (1470–1478).           

Matilde Serao

18 Matilde Serao was an Italian journalist and novelist. She was the first woman called to edit an Italian newspaper, Il Corriere di Roma and later Il Giorno. Serao was also the co-founder and editor of the newspaper Il Mattino, and the author of several novels. She never won the Nobel Prize in Literature despite being nominated on six occasions.

Lazarus of Bethany

18 Lazarus of Bethany is a figure within the Christian Bible, mentioned in the New Testament in the Gospel of John, who four days after his death is restored to life by Jesus. This is seen by Christians as one of the miracles of Jesus. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Lazarus is venerated as Righteous Lazarus, the Four-Days Dead. The Eastern Orthodox and Catholic traditions offer varying accounts of the later events of his life.

Anthony the Great

18 Anthony the Great was a Christian monk from Egypt, revered since his death as a saint. He is distinguished from other saints named Anthony, such as Anthony of Padua, by various epithets: Anthony of Egypt, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Anthony the Hermit, and Anthony of Thebes. For his importance among the Desert Fathers and to all later Christian monasticism, he is also known as the Father of All Monks. His feast day is celebrated on 17 January among the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches and on Tobi 22 in the Coptic calendar.

Ovid

18 Publius Ovidius Naso, known in English as Ovid, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus. He was a younger contemporary of Virgil and Horace, with whom he is often ranked as one of the three canonical poets of Latin literature. The Imperial scholar Quintilian considered him the last of the Latin love elegists. Although Ovid enjoyed enormous popularity during his lifetime, the emperor Augustus exiled him to Tomis, the capital of the newly-organised province of Moesia, on the Black Sea, where he remained for the last nine or ten years of his life. Ovid himself attributed his banishment to a "poem and a mistake", but his reluctance to disclose specifics has resulted in much speculation among scholars.

Agostino Gemelli

18 Agostino Gemelli was an Italian Franciscan friar, physician and psychologist, who was also the founder and first Rector of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan.

Carlo Forlanini

18 Carlo Forlanini was a medical doctor and professor at the Universities of Turin and Pavia. He was also the inventor of artificial pneumothorax, which was the primary treatment method of pulmonary tuberculosis for the first half of the 20th century and remained in use for severe cases of tuberculosis into the 1970s.

Clement of Rome

18 Clement of Rome, also known as Pope Clement I, was the bishop of Rome in the late first century AD. He is listed by Irenaeus and Tertullian as the bishop of Rome, holding office from 88 AD to his death in 99 AD. He is considered to be the first Apostolic Father of the Church, one of the three chief ones together with Polycarp and Ignatius of Antioch.

Francesco Ignazio Mannu

18 Don Francesco Ignazio Mannu è stato un magistrato del regno di Sardegna.                           

Luigi Canepa

18 Luigi Canepa è stato un compositore e patriota italiano.                                           

Pietro Toselli

17 Pietro Toselli was a major of the Royal Italian Army. He is mainly known for his participation in the First Italo-Ethiopian War. He was born in Peveragno in 1856, the youngest of three siblings. His father was Giovanni Maria Toselli, and his mother Teresa (Botasso) Toselli. His older brother Enrico Toselli was a noted psychiatrist and university professor. Pietro Toselli joined the army at a young age and was commissioned second lieutenant of artillery in 1878. After finishing the tree year curriculum for artillerymen he opted for additional training in military engineering. After finishing his education in 1880 he became a first lieutenant. In 1887 he was promoted to captain. He first came to Africa in 1888 to carry out topographical work in the new colony of Italian Eritrea. Returning to Italy he published the book Pro Africa italica under the pseudonym "Un Eritreo". In 1894 he returned to Italian Eritrea to take command of the 4th Askari Battalion of the Corpo Speciale per L'Africa. He led Italian forces to victory at the Battle of Halai on the 18 December 1894, when his troops defeated the Eritrean forces of Batha Agos, who were besieging the Italian fort at Halai. On the 13 January 1895, he commanded the 4th Askari Battalion at the Battle of Coatit under the command of Oreste Baratieri. After the Ethiopian retreat Toselli, and the 4th Askari Battalion formed the Italian vanguard that caught up with the Ethiopian forces at the Battle of Senafe.

Richard Wagner

17 Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas. Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Carl Maria von Weber and Giacomo Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk, by which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama. He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen.

Romolo Gessi

17 Romolo Gessi, also called Gessi Pasha, was an Italian soldier, governor in the Turkish-Egyptian administration and explorer of north-east Africa, who described the course of the White Nile in 19th-century Sudan and modern Uganda.

Cino da Pistoia

17 Cino da Pistoia was an Italian jurist and poet. He was the university teacher of Bartolus de Saxoferrato and a friend and intellectual influence on Dante Alighieri.

Saint Marinus

17 Marinus was an Early Christian and the founder of a chapel and monastery in 301 from whose initial community the state of San Marino later grew.

Julian the Hospitaller

17 Saint Julian the Hospitaller is a saint venerated in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. He is patron saint of the cities of Ghent (Belgium), Saint Julian's (Malta) and Macerata (Italy).

Pliny the Younger

17 Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, born Gaius Caecilius or Gaius Caecilius Cilo, better known as Pliny the Younger, was a lawyer, author, and magistrate of Ancient Rome. Pliny's uncle, Pliny the Elder, helped raise and educate him.

Giuseppe Gioachino Belli

17 Giuseppe Francesco Antonio Maria Gioachino Raimondo Belli was an Italian poet, famous for his sonnets in Romanesco, the dialect of Rome.

Luke the Evangelist

17 Luke the Evangelist is one of the Four Evangelists—the four traditionally ascribed authors of the canonical gospels. The Early Church Fathers ascribed to him authorship of both the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles. Prominent figures in early Christianity such as Jerome and Eusebius later reaffirmed his authorship, although a lack of conclusive evidence as to the identity of the author of the works has led to discussion in scholarly circles, both secular and religious.

Pasquino Borghi

17 Pasquino Borghi Albertario è stato un presbitero, missionario e partigiano italiano, medaglia d'oro al valor militare.

Altiero Spinelli

17 Altiero Spinelli was an Italian communist politician, political theorist and European federalist, referred to as one of the founding fathers of the European Union. A communist and militant anti-fascist in his youth, Spinelli spent 10 years imprisoned by the Italian fascist regime. Having grown disillusioned with Stalinism, he broke with the Communist Party of Italy in 1937. Interned in Ventotene during World War II, he, along with fellow democratic socialists, drafted the manifesto For a Free and United Europe in 1941, considered a precursor of the European integration process.

Giuseppe Galliano

17 Giuseppe Galliano was an officer of the Royal Italian Army, mostly known for his role during the First Italo-Ethiopian War. He perished in the Battle of Adwa and was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valour.

Scipio Slataper

17 Scipio Slataper was an Italian writer, most famous for his lyrical essay My Karst. He is considered, alongside Italo Svevo, the initiator of the prolific tradition of Italian literature in Trieste.

Saint Maurus

16 Maurus (512–584) was the first disciple of Benedict of Nursia. He is mentioned in Gregory the Great's biography of the latter as the first oblate, offered to the monastery by his noble Roman parents as a young boy to be brought up in the monastic life.

Vigilius of Trent

16 Vigilius of Trent is venerated as the patron saint and bishop of Trent. He should not be confused with the pope of the same name.

Giorgio Perlasca

16 Giorgio Perlasca was an Italian businessman and former Fascist who, with the collaboration of official diplomats, posed as the Spanish consul-general to Hungary in the winter of 1944, and saved 5,218 Jews from deportation to Nazi extermination camps in eastern Europe. In 1989, Perlasca was designated by Israel as a Righteous Among the Nations.

Cyricus and Julitta

16 Cyricus and his mother Julitta are venerated as early Christian martyrs. According to tradition, they were put to death at Tarsus in AD 304.

Arturo Ferrarin

16 Arturo Ferrarin was an Italian pioneer aviator. His exploits included winning the "Rome-Tokyo Raid" air race in 1920 and a non-stop flight from Italy to Brazil in 1928 with fellow aviator Carlo Del Prete. The latter flight set the world distance record for a non-stop flight. Ferrarin, who was born in Thiene and was a decorated veteran of the Italian Royal Air Force during World War I, died in a plane crash at Guidonia Montecelio in 1941.

Luciano Romagnoli

16 Luciano Romagnoli è stato un politico, partigiano e sindacalista italiano.                         

Luca della Robbia

16 Luca della Robbia was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence. Della Robbia is noted for his colorful, tin-glazed terracotta statuary, a technique that he invented and passed on to his nephew Andrea della Robbia and great-nephews Giovanni della Robbia and Girolamo della Robbia. Although a leading sculptor in stone, after developing his technique in the early 1440s he worked primarily in terracotta. His large workshop produced both less expensive works cast from molds in multiple versions, and more expensive one-off individually modeled pieces.

Poliziano

16 Agnolo Ambrogini, commonly known as Angelo Poliziano or simply Poliziano, anglicized as Politian, was an Italian classical scholar and poet of the Florentine Renaissance. His scholarship was instrumental in the divergence of Renaissance Latin from medieval norms and for developments in philology. His nickname Poliziano, by which he is chiefly identified to the present day, was derived from the Latin name of his birthplace, Montepulciano.

Giovanni da Udine

16 Giovanni Nanni, also Giovanni de' Ricamatori, better known as Giovanni da Udine (1487–1564), was an Italian painter and architect born in Udine. A painter also named Giovanni da Udine was exiled from his native city in 1472.

Francesco Caracciolo

16 Francesco Caracciolo may refer to:Francis Caracciolo (saint) (1563–1608), co-founder of the Clerics Regular Minor Francesco Caracciolo (1752–1799), Neapolitan admiral Francesco Caracciolo, lead ship of the cancelled Francesco Caracciolo-class battleship

Alexander of Bergamo

16 Alexander of Bergamo is the patron saint of Bergamo, as well as Capriate San Gervasio and Cervignano d'Adda. Alexander may have been a Roman soldier or resident of Bergamo who was tortured and killed for not renouncing his Christian faith. Details of his life are uncertain, but subsequent Christian stories consider him a centurion of the Theban Legion commanded by Maurice.

Giuseppe Marchetti

16 Giuseppe Marchetti may refer to:Giuseppe Marchetti (priest) Giuseppe Marchetti (critic)            

Luigi Cherubini

16 Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini was an Italian Classical and Romantic composer. His most significant compositions are operas and sacred music. Beethoven regarded Cherubini as the greatest living composer of his era. Cherubini's operas were heavily praised and interpreted by Rossini.

Gaspare Spontini

16 Gaspare Luigi Pacifico Spontini was an Italian opera composer and conductor from the classical era. During the first two decades of the 19th century, Spontini was an important figure in French opera, and composed over twenty works.

Francesco Mario Pagano

16 Francesco Mario Pagano was an Italian jurist, author, thinker, and the founder of the Neapolitan school of law. He is regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers. A moderate reformist, he is seen as a forerunner of the Italian unification.

Riccardo Lombardi

16 Riccardo Lombardi was an Italian politician.                                                       

Luigi Longo

16 Luigi Longo, also known as Gallo, was an Italian communist politician and general secretary of the Italian Communist Party from 1964 to 1972. He was also the first foreigner to be awarded an Order of Lenin.

Irma Bandiera

16 Irma Bandiera (1915–1944) was a member of the seventh Gruppo di azione patriottica. In 1944 she was captured, blinded, and killed. Enrico Berlinguer, of the Italian Communist Party, held her in high esteem. A street in her native Bologna is named for her and the song Mimma e Balella relates to her.

Anita Garibaldi

16 Anita Garibaldi was a Brazilian republican revolutionary. She was the wife and comrade-in-arms of Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi. Their partnership epitomized the spirit of the 19th century's Age of Romanticism and revolutionary liberalism.

Maximilian Kolbe

16 Maximilian Maria Kolbe was a Polish Catholic priest and Conventual Franciscan friar who volunteered to die in place of a man named Franciszek Gajowniczek in the German death camp of Auschwitz, located in German-occupied Poland during World War II. He had been active in promoting the veneration of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, founding and supervising the monastery of Niepokalanów near Warsaw, operating an amateur-radio station (SP3RN), and founding or running several other organizations and publications.

Napoleon

16 Napoleon Bonaparte, later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French emperor and military commander who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. He was the leader of the French Republic as First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then of the French Empire as Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and briefly again in 1815. His political and cultural legacy endures as a celebrated and controversial leader. He initiated many enduring reforms, but has been criticized for his authoritarian rule. He is considered one of the greatest military commanders in history and his wars and campaigns are still studied at military schools worldwide. However, historians still debate the degree to which he was responsible for the Napoleonic Wars, in which between three and six million people died.

Giorgio Ambrosoli

16 Giorgio Ambrosoli was an Italian lawyer who was gunned down while investigating the malpractice of banker Michele Sindona.

Vittorio Emanuele Orlando

16 Vittorio Emanuele Orlando was an Italian statesman, who served as the Prime Minister of Italy from October 1917 to June 1919. Orlando is best known for representing Italy in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference with his foreign minister Sidney Sonnino. He was also known as "Premier of Victory" for defeating the Central Powers along with the Entente in World War I. He was also the provisional President of the Chamber of Deputies between 1943 and 1945, and a member of the Constituent Assembly that changed the Italian form of government into a republic. Aside from his prominent political role, Orlando was a professor of law and is known for his writings on legal and judicial issues, which number over a hundred works.

Helena, mother of Constantine I

16 Flavia Julia Helena, also known as Helena of Constantinople and in Christianity as Saint Helena, was an Augusta of the Roman Empire and mother of Emperor Constantine the Great. She was born in the lower classes traditionally in the Greek city of Drepanon, Bithynia, in Asia Minor, which was renamed Helenopolis in her honor, although several locations have been proposed for her birthplace and origin.

Giuseppe Benedetto Cottolengo

16 Giuseppe Benedetto Cottolengo or Joseph Benedict Cottolengo was the founder of the Little House of Divine Providence and is a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.

Pomponio Amalteo

16 Pomponio Amalteo was an Italian painter of the Venetian school.                                     

Elsa Morante

16 Elsa Morante was an Italian novelist, poet, translator and children's books author. Her novel La storia (History) is included in the Bokklubben World Library List of 100 Best Books of All Time.

Alois Negrelli

15 Nikolaus Alois Maria Vinzenz Negrelli, Ritter von Moldelbe was a Tyrolean civil engineer and railroad pioneer mostly active in parts of the Austrian Empire, Switzerland, Germany and Italy.

Giovanni Agnelli

15 Giovanni Agnelli was an Italian businessman who founded the Fiat S.p.A. car manufacturing in 1899. 

Augusto Murri

15 Augusto Murri was an Italian physician. Appointed to the Chair of Clinical Medicine at the University of Bologna in 1875, he was regarded as one of the most illustrious clinical doctors and innovators of his times.

Eugenio Villoresi

15 Eugenio Villoresi è stato un ingegnere italiano. Progettò il canale - che da lui prese il nome - che collega il Ticino all'Adda. È conosciuto nell'ambiente scientifico italiano anche per essere stato uno dei fondatori della Società Agraria di Lombardia.

Guglielmo Massaia

15 Guglielmo Massaia, OFM Cap. was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as a missionary and a Capuchin friar.

Pietro Colletta

15 Pietro Colletta was a Neapolitan general and historian, entered the Neapolitan artillery in 1796 and took part in the campaign against the French in 1798.

Francis of Paola

15 Francis of Paola, OM, was an Italian Catholic friar and the founder of the Order of Minims. Unlike the majority of founders of men's religious orders, and like his patron saint Francis of Assisi, he was never ordained a priest.

Leonida Bissolati

15 Leonida Bissolati was a leading exponent of the Italian socialist movement at the turn of the nineteenth century.

Charles Darwin

15 Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended from a common ancestor is now generally accepted and considered a fundamental concept in science. In a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, he introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history and was honoured by burial in Westminster Abbey.

Pope Leo XIII

15 Pope Leo XIII was head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 until his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the oldest pope, whose age can be validated, holding office, and had the fourth-longest reign of any pope, behind those of St. Peter, Pius IX and John Paul II.

Gerolamo Cardano

15 Gerolamo Cardano was an Italian polymath whose interests and proficiencies ranged through those of mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, astronomer, philosopher, writer, and gambler. He became one of the most influential mathematicians of the Renaissance and one of the key figures in the foundation of probability; he introduced the binomial coefficients and the binomial theorem in the Western world. He wrote more than 200 works on science.

Ippolito Pindemonte

15 Ippolito Pindemonte was an Italian poet. He was an exponent of Italian neoclassicism and pre-romanticism, with poems of the pastoral genre and related to graveyard poets style.

Benedetto Marcello

15 Benedetto Giacomo Marcello was an Italian composer, writer, advocate, magistrate, and teacher.     

Giovanni Fattori

15 Giovanni Fattori was an Italian artist, one of the leaders of the group known as the Macchiaioli. He was initially a painter of historical themes and military subjects. In his middle years, inspired by the Barbizon school, he became one of the leading Italian plein-airists, painting landscapes, rural scenes, and scenes of military life. After 1884, he devoted much energy to etching.

Bettino Ricasoli

15 Bettino Ricasoli, 1st Count of Brolio, 2nd Baron Ricasoli was an Italian statesman. He was a central figure in the politics of Italy during and after the unification of Italy. He led the Moderate Party.

Pier Luigi Nervi

15 Pier Luigi Nervi was an Italian engineer and architect. He studied at the University of Bologna graduating in 1913. Nervi taught as a professor of engineering at Rome University from 1946 to 1961 and is known worldwide as a structural engineer and architect and for his innovative use of reinforced concrete, especially with numerous notable thin shell structures worldwide.

Luigi Vanvitelli

15 Luigi Vanvitelli, known in Dutch as Lodewijk van Wittel, was an Italian architect and painter. The most prominent 18th-century architect of Italy, he practised a sober classicising academic Late Baroque style that made an easy transition to Neoclassicism.

Isidore the Laborer

15 Isidore the Laborer, also known as Isidore the Farmer, was a Spanish farmworker known for his piety toward the poor and animals. He is the Catholic patron saint of farmers, and of Madrid; El Gobernador, Jalisco; La Ceiba, Honduras; and of Tocoa, Honduras. His feast day is celebrated on 15 May.

Agostino Novella

15 Agostino Novella was an Italian trade unionist and communist politician.                           

Euclid

15 Euclid was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Considered the "father of geometry", he is chiefly known for the Elements treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely dominated the field until the early 19th century. His system, now referred to as Euclidean geometry, involved new innovations in combination with a synthesis of theories from earlier Greek mathematicians, including Eudoxus of Cnidus, Hippocrates of Chios, Thales and Theaetetus. With Archimedes and Apollonius of Perga, Euclid is generally considered among the greatest mathematicians of antiquity, and one of the most influential in the history of mathematics.

Alfred Nobel

15 Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer and businessman. He is known for inventing dynamite as well as having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel Prize. He also made several important contributions to science, holding 355 patents in his lifetime.

Concetto Marchesi

15 Concetto Marchesi was an Italian politician. He represented the Italian Communist Party in the Constituent Assembly of Italy from 1946 to 1948 and in the Chamber of Deputies from 1948 to 1957.

Sibilla Aleramo

15 Sibilla Aleramo was an Italian feminist writer and poet best known for her autobiographical depictions of life as a woman in late 19th century Italy.

Ilaria Alpi

15 Ilaria Alpi was an Italian journalist killed in Mogadishu, Somalia, together with her camera operator Miran Hrovatin. In 2009 Francesco Fonti, a former 'Ndrangheta member, claimed that Ilaria Alpi and her cameraman were murdered because they had seen toxic waste shipped by the 'Ndrangheta arrive in Bosaso, Somalia.

Luigi Boccherini

15 Ridolfo Luigi Boccherini was an Italian composer and cellist of the Classical era whose music retained a courtly and galante style even while he matured somewhat apart from the major European musical centers. He is best known for a minuet from his String Quintet in E, Op. 11, No. 5, and the Cello Concerto in B flat major. The latter work was long known in the heavily altered version by German cellist and prolific arranger Friedrich Grützmacher, but has recently been restored to its original version.

Gregorio Agnini

15 Gregorio Agnini è stato un politico e imprenditore italiano.                                       

Giuseppe Fanin

14 Giuseppe Fanin è stato un sindacalista italiano.                                                   

Maria Gaetana Agnesi

14 Maria Gaetana Agnesi was an Italian mathematician, philosopher, theologian, and humanitarian. She was the first woman to write a mathematics handbook and the first woman appointed as a mathematics professor at a university.

Carlo Armellini

14 Carlo Armellini was a Roman politician, activist and jurist. He was part of the triumvirate leading the short-lived Roman Republic in 1849, together with Giuseppe Mazzini and Aurelio Saffi.

Luca Signorelli

14 Luca Signorelli was an Italian Renaissance painter from Cortona, in Tuscany, who was noted in particular for his ability as a draftsman and his use of foreshortening. His massive frescos of the Last Judgment (1499–1503) in Orvieto Cathedral are considered his masterpiece.

Apollinaris of Ravenna

14 Apollinaris of Ravenna is a Syrian saint, whom the Roman Martyrology describes as "a bishop who, according to tradition, while spreading among the nations the unsearchable riches of Christ, led his flock as a good shepherd and honoured the Church of Classis near Ravenna by a glorious martyrdom."

Pasquale Paoli

14 Filippo Antonio Pasquale de' Paoli was a Corsican patriot, statesman, and military leader who was at the forefront of resistance movements against the Genoese and later French rule over the island. He became the President of the Executive Council of the General Diet of the People of Corsica and wrote the Constitution of the state.

Luigi Rizzo

14 Luigi Rizzo, 1st Count of Grado and Premuda (1887–1951), nicknamed the Sinker, was an Italian admiral. He is mostly known for his distinguished service in World War I; as a torpedo boat commander having sunk no fewer than two Austro-Hungarian battleships.

Antonio Stradivari

14 Antonio Stradivari was an Italian luthier and a craftsman of string instruments such as violins, cellos, guitars, violas and harps. The Latinized form of his surname, Stradivarius, as well as the colloquial Strad are terms often used to refer to his instruments. It is estimated that Stradivari produced 1,116 instruments, of which 960 were violins. Around 650 instruments survive, including 450 to 512 violins. His instruments are considered some of the finest ever made, and are extremely valuable collector's items.

Duccio Galimberti

14 Tancredi Achille Giuseppe Olimpio "Duccio" Galimberti was an Italian lawyer who became a committed anti-fascist and war-time partisan. He was an important figure – according to some sources the most important figure – in the Piedmontese anti-fascist resistance, and was a posthumous recipient both of the Gold Medal of Military Valor and of the Gold Medal of the Resistance. During the closing months of the war, he was proclaimed a national hero by the National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy.

Giovanni Spadolini

14 Giovanni Spadolini was an Italian politician and statesman, who served as the 44th prime minister of Italy. He had been a leading figure in the Republican Party and the first head of a government to not be a member of Christian Democrats since 1945. He was also a newspaper editor, journalist and historian. He is considered a highly respected intellectual for his literary works and his cultural dimension.

Domenico Morelli

14 Domenico Morelli was an Italian painter, who mainly produced historical and religious works. Morelli was immensely influential in the arts of the second half of the 19th century, both as director of the Accademia di Belle Arti in Naples, but also because of his rebelliousness against institutions: traits that flourished into the passionate, often patriotic, Romantic and later Symbolist subjects of his canvases. Morelli was the teacher of Vincenzo Petrocelli, Ulisse Caputo, and Anselmo Gianfanti.

Gervasius and Protasius

14 Gervasius and Protasius are venerated as Christian martyrs, probably of the 2nd century. They are the patron saints of Milan and of haymakers and are invoked for the discovery of thieves. Their feast day in the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church is 19 June, the day marking the translation of their relics. In the Eastern Orthodox Church and in the Eastern Rites of the Catholic Church, their feast takes place on 14 October (O.S.)/24 October (N.S.), the traditional day of their death. In Christian iconography their emblems are the scourge, the club and the sword.

Ruggero Grieco

14 Ruggero Grieco was an Italian politician, antifascist, and member of the Italian Communist Party. He was born in Foggia, Apulia.

Guercino

14 Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, better known as (il) Guercino, was an Italian Baroque painter and draftsman from Cento in the Emilia region, who was active in Rome and Bologna. The vigorous naturalism of his early manner contrasts with the classical equilibrium of his later works. His many drawings are noted for their luminosity and lively style.

Marcello Malpighi

14 Marcello Malpighi was an Italian biologist and physician, who is referred to as the "Founder of microscopical anatomy, histology & Father of physiology and embryology". Malpighi's name is borne by several physiological features related to the biological excretory system, such as the Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids of the kidneys and the Malpighian tubule system of insects. The splenic lymphoid nodules are often called the "Malpighian bodies of the spleen" or Malpighian corpuscles. The botanical family Malpighiaceae is also named after him. He was the first person to see capillaries in animals, and he discovered the link between arteries and veins that had eluded William Harvey. Malpighi was one of the earliest people to observe red blood cells under a microscope, after Jan Swammerdam. His treatise De polypo cordis (1666) was important for understanding blood composition, as well as how blood clots. In it, Malpighi described how the form of a blood clot differed in the right against the left sides of the heart.

Tacitus

14 Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus, was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars.

Pasquale Tola

14 Pasquale Tola was an Italian judge, politician and historian.                                       

Rosario Livatino

14 Rosario Angelo Livatino was an Italian magistrate who was killed by Stidda.                         

Giuseppe Impastato

14 Giuseppe "Peppino" Impastato, was an Italian political activist who opposed the Mafia, which ordered his murder in 1978.

Giuseppe Sirtori

14 Giuseppe Sirtori was an Italian soldier, patriot and politician who fought in the unification of Italy.

Martha

14 Martha is a biblical figure described in the Gospels of Luke and John. Together with her siblings Lazarus and Mary of Bethany, she is described as living in the village of Bethany near Jerusalem. She was witness to Jesus resurrecting her brother, Lazarus.

Salvatore Farina

14 Salvatore Farina was an Italian novelist whose style of sentimental humor has been compared to that of Charles Dickens. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times.

Bartolomeo Colleoni

14 Bartolomeo Colleoni was an Italian condottiero, who became captain-general of the Republic of Venice. Colleoni "gained reputation as the foremost tactician and disciplinarian of the 15th century". He is also credited with having refurbished the Roman baths at Trescore Balneario.

Renzo Laconi

14 Renzo Laconi è stato un politico italiano.                                                         

Umberto Nobile

14 Umberto Nobile was an Italian aviator, aeronautical engineer and Arctic explorer.                   

Carlo Levi

14 Carlo Levi was an Italian painter, writer, activist, independent leftist politician, and doctor.   

Antonio Sant'Elia

14 Antonio Sant'Elia was an Italian architect and a key member of the Futurist movement in architecture. He left behind almost no completed works of architecture and is primarily remembered for his bold sketches and influence on modern architecture.

Pacifico Valussi

14 Pacifico Valussi è stato un giornalista e politico italiano.                                       

Ermes di Colorêt

14 Ermes di Colloredo was an Italian count and writer who served the Grand Duke of Tuscany, the Holy Roman Emperor and the Republic of Venice. He is widely considered the father and innovator of Friulian literature.

Giovannino Guareschi

14 Giovannino Oliviero Giuseppe Guareschi was an Italian journalist, cartoonist and humorist whose best known creation is the priest Don Camillo.

Charles Felix of Sardinia

13 Charles Felix was the King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from 12 March 1821 until his death in 1831. He was the last male-line member of the House of Savoy that started with Victor Amadeus I of Savoy, and caused the line of Victor Amadeus I's younger brother Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano to seize the throne after Felix's death.

Sidney Sonnino

13 Sidney Costantino, Baron Sonnino was an Italian statesman, 19th prime minister of Italy and twice served briefly as one, in 1906 and again from 1909 to 1910. He also was the Italian minister of Foreign Affairs during the First World War, representing Italy at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.

Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice

13 Emanuele Filiberto Umberto Reza Ciro René Maria di Savoia is a member of the House of Savoy. He is the son of Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy and only male-line grandson of Umberto II, the last King of Italy. In 2024, Emanuele Filberto became one of two claimants to the headship of the House of Savoy after the death of his father.

Arnold of Brescia

13 Arnold of Brescia, also known as Arnaldus, an Italian canon regular from Lombardy, called on the Church to renounce property-ownership and participated in the failed Commune of Rome of 1144–1193.

Giovanni Matteo Mario

13 Giovanni Matteo De Candia, also known as Mario, was an Italian opera singer. The most celebrated tenor of his era, he was lionized by audiences in Paris and London. He was the partner of the opera singer Giulia Grisi.

Giulio Natta

13 Giulio Natta was an Italian chemical engineer and Nobel laureate. He won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963 with Karl Ziegler for work on high polymers. He also received a Lomonosov Gold Medal in 1969.

Giovanni Palatucci

13 Giovanni Palatucci was an Italian police official who was long believed to have saved thousands of Jews in Fiume between 1939 and 1944 from being deported to Nazi extermination camps. In 2013 a research panel of historians led by the Centro Primo Levi reviewed almost 700 documents and concluded that Palatucci had followed Italian Social Republic and German orders concerning the Jews and enabling the deportation of the majority of the 570 Jews living in Fiume and surrounding areas, 412 of whom were deported to Auschwitz, a higher percentage than in any Italian city. The matter is currently the topic of scholarly debate. A national commission of historians recommended by the Union of the Italian Jewish Communities, the Center for Contemporary Jewish Documentation in Milan, the Italian Ministry of the Interior and the Centro Primo Levi NY is conducting a comprehensive review of the documents.

Primo Mazzolari

13 Primo Mazzolari, best known as don Primo, was an Italian priest of the Catholic Church. He was also a partisan and writer who established the review Adesso ("Now") in 1949.

Vittore Carpaccio

13 Vittore Carpaccio (UK: /kɑːrˈpætʃ oʊ/, US: /-ˈpɑːtʃ-/, Italian: [vitˈtoːre karˈpattʃo]; was an Italian painter of the Venetian school who studied under Gentile Bellini. Carpaccio was largely influenced by the style of the early Italian Renaissance painter Antonello da Messina, as well as Early Netherlandish painting. Although often compared to his mentor Gentile Bellini, Vittore Carpaccio's command of perspective, precise attention to architectural detail, themes of death, and use of bold color differentiated him from other Italian Renaissance artists. Many of his works display the religious themes and cross-cultural elements of art at the time; his portrayal of St. Augustine in His Study from 1502, reflects the popularity of collecting "exotic" and highly desired objects from different cultures.

Giovanni Nicotera

13 Giovanni Nicotera was an Italian patriot and politician. His surname is pronounced, with the stress on the second syllable.

Cesare Lombroso

13 Cesare Lombroso was an Italian eugenicist, criminologist, phrenologist, physician, and founder of the Italian school of criminology. He is considered the founder of modern criminal anthropology by changing the Western notions of individual responsibility.

Costantino Nigra

13 Lorenzo Annibale Costantino Nigra, Count of Villa Castelnuovo, was an Italian nobleman, philologist, poet, diplomat, and politician. Among the several positions he held and political and foreign affairs in which he was involved in the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia and Kingdom of Italy, he served as ambassador and was later appointed a member of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy.

Tomaso Albinoni

13 Tomaso Giovanni Albinoni was an Italian composer of the Baroque era. His output includes operas, concertos, sonatas for one to six instruments, sinfonias, and solo cantatas. While famous in his day as an opera composer, he is known today for his instrumental music, especially his concertos. He is best remembered today for a work called "Adagio in G minor", attributed to him but largely written by Remo Giazotto, a 20th century musicologist and composer, who was a cataloger of the works of Albinoni.

Giovanni Berchet

13 Giovanni Berchet was an Italian poet and patriot. He wrote an influential manifesto on Italian Romanticism, Lettera semiseria di Grisostomo, which appeared in 1816, and contributed to Il Conciliatore, a reformist periodical.

Giuseppe Tartini

13 Giuseppe Tartini was an Italian composer and violinist of the Baroque era born in Pirano in the Republic of Venice. Tartini was a prolific composer, composing over a hundred pieces for the violin, the majority of them violin concertos. He is best remembered for his Violin Sonata in G Minor.

Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola

13 Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, often simply called Vignola, was one of the great Italian architects of 16th century Mannerism. His two great masterpieces are the Villa Farnese at Caprarola and the Jesuits' Church of the Gesù in Rome. The three architects who spread the Italian Renaissance style throughout Western Europe are Vignola, Serlio and Palladio. He is often considered the most important architect in Rome in the Mannerist era.

Pietro Giannone

13 Pietro Giannone was an Italian philosopher, historian and jurist born in Ischitella, in the province of Foggia. He opposed the papal influence in Naples, for which he was excommunicated and imprisoned for twelve years until his death.

Marie Curie

13 Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie, known simply as Marie Curie, was a Polish and naturalised-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win a Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two scientific fields. Her husband, Pierre Curie, was a co-winner of her first Nobel Prize, making them the first-ever married couple to win the Nobel Prize and launching the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was, in 1906, the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris.

Saint Florian

13 Florian was a Christian holy man and the patron saint of chimney sweeps; soapmakers, and firefighters. His feast day is 4 May. Florian is also the patron saint of Poland, the city of Linz, Austria, and Upper Austria, jointly with Leopold III, Margrave of Austria.

Elio Vittorini

13 Elio Vittorini was an Italian writer and novelist. He was a contemporary of Cesare Pavese and an influential voice in the modernist school of novel writing. His best-known work, in English speaking countries, is the anti-fascist novel Conversations in Sicily, for which he was jailed when it was published in 1941. The first U.S. edition of the novel, published in 1949, included an introduction from Ernest Hemingway, whose style influenced Vittorini and that novel in particular.

Luciano Lama

13 Luciano Lama was an Italian trade unionist and politician, General Secretary of Italian General Confederation of Labour from 1970 to 1986.

Fernando Santi

13 Fernando Santi è stato un sindacalista e politico italiano. Fu un sindacalista riformista sebbene la sua formazione sia avvenuta in una delle realtà più feconde del sindacalismo rivoluzionario. Segretario dei tranvieri di Torino e della Camera del lavoro di Milano fu anche segretario nazionale della federazione giovanile socialista schierata con Filippo Turati e Matteotti. Per lungo tempo fu leader della componente socialista della CGIL dal 1947 al 1965.

Adriano Olivetti

13 Adriano Olivetti was an Italian engineer, entrepreneur, politician, and industrialist. He was known worldwide during his lifetime as the Italian manufacturer of Olivetti brand typewriters, calculators, and computers. He was son of the founder of Olivetti, Camillo Olivetti, and Luisa Revel, the daughter of a prominent Waldensian pastor and scholar. The Olivetti empire had been begun by his father.

Tazio Nuvolari

13 Tazio Giorgio Nuvolari was an Italian racing driver. He first raced motorcycles and then concentrated on sports cars and Grand Prix racing. Originally of Mantua, he was nicknamed Il Mantovano Volante and Nuvola ("Cloud"). His victories—72 major races, 150 in all—included 24 Grands Prix, five Coppa Cianos, two Mille Miglias, two Targa Florios, two RAC Tourist Trophies, a Le Mans 24-hour race, and a European Championship in Grand Prix racing. Ferdinand Porsche called him "the greatest driver of the past, the present, and the future".

Giuseppe Andreoli (patriota)

13 Giuseppe Andreoli è stato un presbitero e patriota italiano.                                       

Matilda of Tuscany

13 Matilda of Tuscany, also referred to as la Gran Contessa, was a member of the House of Canossa in the second half of the eleventh century. Matilda was one of the most important governing figures of the Italian Middle Ages. She reigned in a period of constant battles, political intrigues and Roman Catholic excommunications, and was able to demonstrate an innate and skilled strategic leadership capacity in both military and diplomatic matters.

Ignatius of Loyola

13 Ignatius of Loyola, venerated as Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a Spanish Catholic priest and theologian, who, with six companions, founded the religious order of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), and became its first Superior General, in Paris in 1541.

Vincenzo Sulis

13 Vincenzo Sulis è stato uno scrittore e militare italiano del Regno di Sardegna.                     

Marco d'Aviano

13 Mark of Aviano, born Carlo Domenico Cristofori was an Italian Capuchin friar. In 2003, he was beatified by Pope John Paul II.

Pio Paschini

13 Pio Paschini è stato un vescovo cattolico e storico italiano.                                       

Salvatore Cambosu

13 Salvatore Cambosu è stato uno scrittore e giornalista italiano.                                     

Giorgio de Chirico

13 Giuseppe Maria Alberto Giorgio de Chirico was an Italian artist and writer born in Greece. In the years before World War I, he founded the scuola metafisica art movement, which profoundly influenced the surrealists. His best-known works often feature Roman arcades, long shadows, mannequins, trains, and illogical perspective. His imagery reflects his affinity for the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer and of Friedrich Nietzsche, and for the mythology of his birthplace.

Ruggero Settimo

12 Ruggero Settimo was an Italian politician, diplomat, and patriotic activist from Sicily. He was a counter-admiral of the Sicilian Fleet. He fought alongside the British fleet in the Mediterranean Sea against the French under Napoleon Bonaparte. He reconquered the island of Malta, and defended the city of Gaeta near Naples.

Camillus de Lellis

12 Camillus de Lellis, M.I., was a Roman Catholic priest from Italy who founded the Camillians, a religious order dedicated to the care of the sick. He was beatified by Pope Benedict XIV in the year 1742, and canonized by him four years later in 1746. De Lellis is the patron saint of the sick, hospitals, nurses and physicians. His assistance is also invoked against gambling.

Felice Orsini

12 Felice Orsini was an Italian revolutionary and leader of the Carbonari who tried to assassinate Napoleon III, Emperor of the French.

Giorgio Vasari

12 Giorgio Vasari was an Italian Renaissance painter and architect, who is best known for his work Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, considered the ideological foundation of all art-historical writing, and still much cited in modern biographies of the many Italian Renaissance artists he covers, including Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, although he is now regarded as including many factual errors, especially when covering artists from before he was born.

Saint Pantaleon

12 Saint Pantaleon, counted in Western Christianity as among the Fourteen Holy Helpers of the Late Middle Ages, and in Eastern Christianity as one of the Holy Unmercenary Healers, was a martyr of Nicomedia in Bithynia during the Diocletianic Persecution of 305 AD.

Andrea Maffei

12 Andrea Maffei was an Italian poet, translator and librettist. He was born in Molina di Ledro, Trentino. A follower of Vincenzo Monti, he formed part of the 19th-century Italian classicist literary culture. Gaining laurea in jurisprudence, he moved for some years to Verona, then to Venice and finally to Milan, where in 1831 he married contessa Clara Spinelli. They separated by mutual consent on 15 June 1846.

Francesco Redi

12 Francesco Redi was an Italian physician, naturalist, biologist, and poet. He is referred to as the "founder of experimental biology", and as the "father of modern parasitology". He was the first person to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies.

Decio Raggi

12 Decio Raggi è stato un militare italiano, primo decorato con medaglia d'oro al valor militare nella Grande Guerra. Tenente dell'esercito italiano, alfiere di gloria della Brigata Casale, il cosiddetto Reggimento dei Forlivesi, che, durante la guerra, si guadagnò il nome di Gialli del Calvario.

Umberto Boccioni

12 Umberto Boccioni was an influential Italian painter and sculptor. He helped shape the revolutionary aesthetic of the Futurism movement as one of its principal figures. Despite his short life, his approach to the dynamism of form and the deconstruction of solid mass guided artists long after his death. His works are held by many public art museums, and in 1988 the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City organized a major retrospective of 100 pieces.

Emilio Salgari

12 Emilio Salgari was an Italian writer of action adventure swashbucklers and a pioneer of science fiction.

Totò

12 Antonio Griffo Focas Flavio Angelo Ducas Comneno Porfirogenito Gagliardi De Curtis di Bisanzio, best known by his stage name Totò, or simply as Antonio de Curtis, and nicknamed il principe della risata, was an Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter, dramatist, poet, singer and lyricist. He is commonly referred to as one of the most popular Italian performers of all time. While best known for his funny and sometimes cynical comic characters in theatre and then many successful comedy films made from the 1940s to the 1960s, he also worked with many iconic Italian film directors in dramatic roles.

Giovanni Verità

12 Giovanni Verità, detto "don Zvàn", è stato un presbitero italiano, critico del potere temporale detenuto dal Papa durante il Risorgimento.

Alessandro Antonelli

12 Alessandro Antonelli was an Italian architect of the 19th century. His most famous works are the Mole Antonelliana in Turin and both the Novara Cathedral and the Basilica of St. Gaudenzio in Novara.

Domenico Scarlatti

12 Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti, also known as Domingo or Doménico Scarlatti, was an Italian composer. He is classified primarily as a Baroque composer chronologically, although his music was influential in the development of the Classical style. Like his renowned father Alessandro Scarlatti, he composed in a variety of musical forms, although today he is known mainly for his 555 keyboard sonatas. He spent much of his life in the service of the Portuguese and Spanish royal families.

Saint Liberata (Pizzone)

12 Saint Liberata is the patron saint of the city of Pizzone, Italy. She is declared a holy virgin and martyr by the Roman Catholic Church. Her father was Lucio Catelio Severo and mother was his wife Celsia. She had eight twin sisters, of which all of them, together with Liberata, were martyred, under the regime of Emperor Hadrian. Her remains are kept at the Cathedral of Sigüenza, Spain. Her feast day is celebrated in Pizzone on June 10, and in the United States on June 8;. Elsewhere her feast may be on January 16, or July 20.

Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa

12 Santorre Annibale De Rossi di Pomerolo, Count of Santa Rosa was an Italian insurgent and leader in Italy's revival (Risorgimento).

Silvestro Lega

12 Silvestro Lega was an Italian realist painter. He was one of the leading artists of the Macchiaioli and was also involved with the Mazzini movement.

Peregrine Laziosi

12 Peregrine Laziosi is an Italian saint of the Servite Order. He is the patron saint for persons suffering from cancer, AIDS, and other life-threatening illnesses.

Socrates

12 Socrates was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure, Socrates authored no texts and is known mainly through the posthumous accounts of classical writers, particularly his students Plato and Xenophon. These accounts are written as dialogues, in which Socrates and his interlocutors examine a subject in the style of question and answer; they gave rise to the Socratic dialogue literary genre. Contradictory accounts of Socrates make a reconstruction of his philosophy nearly impossible, a situation known as the Socratic problem. Socrates was a polarizing figure in Athenian society. In 399 BC, he was accused of impiety and corrupting the youth. After a trial that lasted a day, he was sentenced to death. He spent his last day in prison, refusing offers to help him escape.

Gasparo Gozzi

12 Gasparo, count Gozzi was a Venetian critic and dramatist.                                           

Rosolino Pilo

12 Rosolino Pilo, o Rosalino Pilo, è stato un patriota italiano.                                       

Princess Mafalda of Savoy

12 Princess Mafalda of Savoy was the second daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and his wife Elena of Montenegro. In 1925, at the age of 22, she married the Landgrave of Hesse, Philipp. In 1943, during World War II, she was imprisoned in the Buchenwald concentration camp, where she died. The future King Umberto II of Italy was her younger brother.

Giuseppe Manno

12 Giuseppe Manno was an Italian magistrate, politician and historian. He was elected president of the Senate of the Kingdom of Sardinia, and later of the Kingdom of Italy.

Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell

12 Lieutenant-General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, was a British Army officer, writer, founder and first Chief Scout of the world-wide Scout Movement, and founder, with his sister Agnes, of the world-wide Girl Guide/Girl Scout Movement. Baden-Powell wrote the seminal work Scouting for Boys, which, with his previous 1899 book Aids to Scouting for N.-C.Os and Men captured the imagination of the boys of Britain and led to the creation of the Scout Movement.

Jan Palach

12 Jan Palach was a Czech student of history and political economics at Charles University in Prague. His self-immolation was a political protest against the end of the Prague Spring resulting from the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Warsaw Pact armies.

Giovanni Siotto Pintor

12 Giovanni Siotto Pintor è stato un politico, avvocato e magistrato italiano.                         

Enrico Fruch

12 Enrico Fruch è stato un poeta italiano.                                                             

Chino Ermacora

12 Chino Ermacora è stato uno scrittore italiano.                                                     

Cesare Terranova

12 Cesare Terranova was an Italian judge and politician from Sicily notable for his anti-Mafia stance. From 1958 until 1971 Terranova was an examining magistrate at the Palermo prosecuting office. He was one of the first to seriously investigate the Mafia and the financial operations of Cosa Nostra. He was killed by the Mafia in 1979. Cesare Terranova was the predecessor of judge Rocco Chinnici who created the Antimafia Pool signing all indictments along with the magistrates Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, who were also killed by the Mafia in 1992, and other Sicilian judges that, by signing together, presented a unified front to fight the Mafia by joining efforts that were a more difficult target for mafiosi and preserved institutional memory by sharing information.

Giovanni Spano

12 Giovanni Spano, also a priest and a linguist, is considered one of the first archaeologists to study the Mediterranean island of Sardinia.

Emanuela Loi

12 Emanuela Loi è stata una poliziotta italiana, morta nella strage di via D'Amelio.                   

Fulvio Testi

11 Fulvio Testi was an Italian diplomat and poet who is recognised as one of the main exponents of 17th-century Italian Baroque literature. He worked in the service of the d'Este dukes in Modena, for whom he held high office, such as the governorship of Garfagnana. His poems tackle civic themes in solemn tones, showing Testi's lasting anti-Spanish and, consequently, pro-Savoia political passions. Accused of treason for having tried to set up diplomatic relations with the French court, he was imprisoned and died in jail soon after. One later literary critic wrote:If he'd been born in a less barbarous age, and had had more time than he did to cultivate his talent, he would doubtless have been our Horace, and perhaps been hotter and more vehement and more sublime than the Latin man

Arnaldo Fusinato

11 Arnaldo Fusinato è stato un poeta e patriota italiano.                                             

Carlo Caneva

11 Carlo Caneva was an Italian general, known for having led the conquest of Libya in the Italo-Turkish War.

John Lennon

11 John Winston Ono Lennon was an English singer, songwriter and musician. He gained worldwide fame as the founder, co-songwriter, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the Beatles. His work included music, writing, drawings and film. His songwriting partnership with Paul McCartney remains the most successful in history.

Reginaldo Giuliani

11 Reginaldo Giuliani, better known as Father Giuliani, was a Dominican friar, a soldier and Italian writer.

Gaudenzio Ferrari

11 Gaudenzio Ferrari was an Italian painter and sculptor of the Renaissance.                           

Giuseppe Giacosa

11 Giuseppe Giacosa was an Italian poet, playwright and librettist.                                   

Giovanni Gentile

11 Giovanni Gentile was an Italian philosopher, fascist politician, and pedagogue.                     

Pilade Bronzetti

11 Pilade Bronzetti è stato un patriota italiano.                                                     

Constantine the Great

11 Constantine I, also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. He played a pivotal role in elevating the status of Christianity in Rome, decriminalizing Christian practice and ceasing Christian persecution in a period referred to as the Constantinian shift. This initiated the cessation of the established ancient Roman religion. Constantine is also the originator of the religiopolitical ideology known as Constantinism, which epitomizes the unity of church and state, as opposed to separation of church and state. He founded the city of Constantinople and made it the capital of the Empire, which remained so for over a millenium.

Giovanni Lanza

11 Domenico Giovanni Giuseppe Maria Lanza was an Italian politician and the eighth prime minister of Italy from 1869 to 1873.

Bernardino Telesio

11 Bernardino Telesio was an Italian philosopher and natural scientist. While his natural theories were later disproven, his emphasis on observation made him the "first of the moderns" who eventually developed the scientific method.

Vladimir Lenin

11 Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1917 until his death in 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death. Under his administration, Russia, and later the Soviet Union, became a one-party socialist state governed by the Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism.

Alberto della Marmora

11 Alberto Ferrero La Marmora was an Italian soldier and naturalist. He was elder brother to Alessandro Ferrero La Marmora, soldier and founder of the Bersaglieri, and to Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora, Italian general and statesman.

Christina of Bolsena

11 Christina of Bolsena, also known as Christine of Bolsena, or in the Eastern Orthodox Church as Christina the Great martyr, is venerated as a virgin martyr of the third century. Archaeological excavations of an underground cemetery constructed over her tomb have shown that she was venerated at Bolsena by the fourth century.

Enrico Dandolo

11 Enrico Dandolo was the doge of Venice from 1192 until his death. He is remembered for his avowed piety, longevity, and shrewdness, and his role in the Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople. Dandolo died in 1205 in Constantinople and was buried at the Hagia Sophia.

Alfredo Panzini

11 Alfredo Panzini was an Italian novelist, critic, historical writer, and lexicographer. A prolific and popular writer, Panzini is famous in Italy for his brilliant and amusing humorous stories.

Lorenzo Ghiberti

11 Lorenzo Ghiberti, born Lorenzo di Bartolo, was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence, a key figure in the Early Renaissance, best known as the creator of two sets of bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery, the later one called by Michelangelo the Gates of Paradise. Trained as a goldsmith and sculptor, he established an important workshop for sculpture in metal. His book of Commentarii contains important writing on art, as well as what may be the earliest surviving autobiography by any artist.

Giorgio Morandi

11 Giorgio Morandi was an Italian painter and printmaker who specialized in still lifes. His paintings are noted for their tonal subtlety in depicting simple subjects, mainly vases, bottles, bowls, flowers, and landscapes.

Aldo Capitini

11 Aldo Capitini was an Italian philosopher, poet, political activist, anti-fascist, and educator. He was one of the first Italians to take up and develop Mahatma Gandhi's theories of nonviolence and was known as "the Italian Gandhi".

Umberto Maddalena

11 Umberto Maddalena è stato un ufficiale e aviatore italiano.                                         

Giovanni Gronchi

11 Giovanni Gronchi, was an Italian politician from Christian Democracy who served as the president of Italy from 1955 to 1962 and was marked by a controversial and failed attempt to bring about an "opening to the left" in Italian politics. He was reputed the real holder of the executive power in Italy from 1955 to 1962, behind the various Prime Ministers of this time.

Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo Botta

11 Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo Botta was an Italian historian.                                           

Leonardo Sciascia

11 Leonardo Sciascia was an Italian writer, novelist, essayist, playwright, and politician. Some of his works have been made into films, including Porte Aperte, Cadaveri Eccellenti, Todo Modo and Il giorno della civetta.

House of Medici

11 The House of Medici was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first consolidated power in the Republic of Florence under Cosimo de' Medici, during the first half of the 15th century. The family originated in the Mugello region of Tuscany, and prospered gradually until it was able to fund the Medici Bank. This bank was the largest in Europe during the 15th century and facilitated the Medicis' rise to political power in Florence, although they officially remained citizens rather than monarchs until the 16th century.

Agostino Depretis

11 Agostino Depretis was an Italian statesman and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Italy for several stretches between 1876 and 1887, and was leader of the Historical Left parliamentary group for more than a decade. He is the fourth-longest serving Prime Minister in Italian history, after Benito Mussolini, Giovanni Giolitti and Silvio Berlusconi, and at the time of his death he was the longest-served. Depretis is widely considered one of the most powerful and important politicians in Italian history.

Basil of Caesarea

11 Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great, was a bishop of Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia, Asia Minor. He was an influential theologian who supported the Nicene Creed and opposed the heresies of the early Christian church, fighting against both Arianism and the followers of Apollinaris of Laodicea. His ability to balance his theological convictions with his political connections made Basil a powerful advocate for the Nicene position.

Rocco Chinnici

11 Rocco Chinnici was an Italian anti-Mafia magistrate killed by the Sicilian Mafia.                   

Tina Modotti

11 Tina Modotti was an Italian American photographer, model, actor, and revolutionary political activist for the Comintern. She left her native Italy in 1913 and emigrated to the United States, where she settled in San Francisco with her father and sister. In San Francisco, Modotti worked as a seamstress, model, and theater performer and, later, moved to Los Angeles where she worked in film. She later became a photographer and essayist. In 1922 she moved to Mexico, where she became an active member of the Mexican Communist Party.

Lelio Basso

11 Lelio Basso was an Italian democratic socialist politician, political scientist and journalist.     

Columbanus

11 Columbanus was an Irish missionary notable for founding a number of monasteries after 590 in the Frankish and Lombard kingdoms, most notably Luxeuil Abbey in present-day France and Bobbio Abbey in present-day Italy.

Justina of Padua

11 Justina of Padua is a Christian saint and a patroness of Padua. Her feast day is October 7. She is often confused with Justina of Antioch. She was devoted to religion from her earliest years and took the vow of perpetual virginity. When she was brought before Maximian the prefect, she remained firm against all attacks. The prefect caused her to be slain with the sword.

Trajan

11 Trajan was a Roman emperor from AD 98 to 117, the second of the Five Good Emperors of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. He was a philanthropic ruler and a successful soldier-emperor who led the Roman Empire to its greatest territorial extent by the time of his death. He was given the title of Optimus by the Roman Senate.

Faustina Kowalska

11 Maria Faustyna Kowalska, OLM, also known as Maria Faustyna Kowalska of the Blessed Sacrament, was a Polish Catholic religious sister and mystic. Faustyna, popularly spelled "Faustina", had apparitions of Jesus Christ which inspired the Catholic devotion to the Divine Mercy and earned her the title of "Secretary of Divine Mercy".

Hadrian

11 Hadrian was Roman emperor from 117 to 138. Hadrian was born in Italica, close to modern Seville in Spain, an Italic settlement in Hispania Baetica; his branch of the Aelia gens, the Aeli Hadriani, came from the town of Hadria in eastern Italy. He was a member of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty.

Giuseppe Cavallera

11 Giuseppe Cavallera è stato un politico italiano.                                                   

Massimo D'Antona

11 Massimo D'Antona è stato un giurista italiano, assassinato dalle Nuove Brigate Rosse il 20 maggio del 1999, a Roma, a pochi passi dalla sua abitazione.

Gratus of Aosta

11 Gratus of Aosta was a bishop of Aosta and is the city's patron saint.                               

Alessandro Ferrero La Marmora

10 Alessandro Ferrero La Marmora was an Italian general who is best remembered for founding the military unit known as the Bersaglieri. Two of his brothers were Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora and Alberto Ferrero la Marmora, the naturalist.

Augustus

10 Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus, also known as Octavian, was the founder of the Roman Empire. He reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult, as well as an era of imperial peace in which the Roman world was largely free of armed conflict. The Principate system of government was established during his reign and lasted until the Crisis of the Third Century.

Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua

10 Federico II of Gonzaga was the ruler of the Italian city of Mantua from 1519 until his death. He was also Marquis of Montferrat from 1536.

Carlo Rosselli

10 Carlo Alberto Rosselli was an Italian political leader, journalist, historian, philosopher and anti-fascist activist, first in Italy and then abroad. He developed a theory of reformist, non-Marxist socialism inspired by the British Labour movement that he described as "liberal socialism". Rosselli founded the anti-fascist militant movement Giustizia e Libertà. Rosselli personally took part in combat in the Spanish Civil War, where he served on the Republican side.

Napoleone della Torre

10 Napoleone della Torre, also known as Napo della Torre or Napo Torriani, was an Italian nobleman, who was effective Lord of Milan in the late 13th century. He was a member of the della Torre family, the father of Corrado della Torre and the brother of Raimondo della Torre.

Graziadio Isaia Ascoli

10 Graziadio Isaia Ascoli was an Italian linguist.                                                     

Vittorio Locchi

10 Vittorio Locchi è stato uno scrittore e militare italiano.                                         

Camillo Golgi

10 Camillo Golgi was an Italian biologist and pathologist known for his works on the central nervous system. He studied medicine at the University of Pavia between 1860 and 1868 under the tutelage of Cesare Lombroso. Inspired by pathologist Giulio Bizzozero, he pursued research in the nervous system. His discovery of a staining technique called black reaction in 1873 was a major breakthrough in neuroscience. Several structures and phenomena in anatomy and physiology are named for him, including the Golgi apparatus, the Golgi tendon organ and the Golgi tendon reflex.

Saverio Mercadante

10 Giuseppe Saverio Raffaele Mercadante was an Italian composer, particularly of operas. While Mercadante may not have retained the international celebrity of Gaetano Donizetti or Gioachino Rossini beyond his own lifetime, he composed as prolifically as either and his development of operatic structures, melodic styles and orchestration contributed significantly to the foundations upon which Giuseppe Verdi built his dramatic technique.

Giulio Carcano

10 Giulio Carcano è stato un politico, scrittore, giornalista e patriota italiano.                     

Agostino Bertani

10 Agostino Bertani was an Italian revolutionary and physician during Italian unification.             

Marianus IV of Arborea

10 Marianus IV, called the Great, was the Judge (king) of Arborea, kingdom in the island of Sardinia, from 1347 to his death. He was, as his nickname indicates, the greatest sovereign of Arborea. He was a legislator and a warrior whose reign saw the commencement of massive codification of the laws of his realm and incessant warfare with the Crown of Aragon. He was also a religious man, who had connections to Catherine of Siena. He was, in short, an "wise legislator, able politician, and valiant warrior."

Eusebius of Rome

10 Eusebius of Rome, the founder of the church on the Esquiline Hill in Rome that bears his name, is listed in the Roman Martyrology as one of the saints venerated on 14 August.

Romolo Murri

10 Romolo Murri was an Italian politician and ecclesiastic. This Catholic priest was suspended for having joined the party Lega Democratica Nazionale and is widely considered in Italy as the precursor of Christian democracy.

Umberto Cagni

10 Umberto Cagni was a polar explorer and an admiral in the Royal Italian Navy. He is best known for his leadership in a probe, by dogsled, northward over the surface of the Arctic Ocean in 1900. While his party failed in their goal of reaching the North Pole, on 25 April 1900 Cagni and his men achieved the northernmost point achieved by exploration up to that time, 86° 34′ N.

Urbano Rattazzi

10 Urbano Pio Francesco Rattazzi was an Italian politician and statesman.                             

Eurosia

10 Eurosia is the patron saint of Jaca, a city in the province of Huesca of northeastern Spain, in the Pyrenees, the centre of her cult. In Spain, the "Fiesta de Santa Orosia" is celebrated on 25 June. Tradition states that she was born in Bayonne and died in 880, martyred by the Moors at Jaca.

Pietro Bembo

10 Pietro Bembo, O.S.I.H. was an Italian scholar, poet, and literary theorist who also was a member of the Knights Hospitaller, and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. As an intellectual of the Italian Renaissance, Pietro Bembo greatly influenced the development of the Tuscan dialect as a literary language for poetry and prose, which, by later codification into a standard language, became the modern Italian language. In the 16th century, Bembo's poetry, essays and books proved basic to reviving interest in the literary works of Petrarch. In the field of music, Bembo's literary writing techniques helped composers develop the techniques of musical composition that made the madrigal the most important secular music of 16th-century Italy.

Francesco I Sforza

10 Francesco I Sforza was an Italian condottiero who founded the Sforza dynasty in the duchy of Milan, ruling as its (fourth) duke from 1450 until his death.

Giuseppe Donati

10 Giuseppe Donati was an Italian musical instrument maker who invented the ocarina, a ceramic wind instrument based on the principle of a Helmholtz resonator.

Giovanni Randaccio

10 Giovanni Randaccio was an Italian soldier.                                                         

Benedetto Brin

10 Benedetto Brin was an Italian naval administrator and politician. He played a major role in modernizing and expanding the Italian Regia Marina from the 1870s to the 1890s, designing several major classes of warships, including the large ironclad warships of the Duilio, Italia, and Re Umberto classes, the pre-dreadnought battleships of the Ammiraglio di Saint Bon and Regina Margherita classes, and the armored cruisers of the Vettor Pisani and Giuseppe Garibaldi classes. His contributions to Italian naval power were marked by the naming of the second Regina Margherita-class battleship as Benedetto Brin, among other commemorations.

Costantino Crosa

10 Costantino Crosa è stato un militare italiano, decorato di medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria nel corso della prima guerra mondiale.

Giuseppe Dozza

10 Giuseppe Dozza was an Italian politician, the first Mayor of Bologna after the end of World War II. 

Telemaco Signorini

10 Telemaco Signorini was an Italian artist who belonged to the group known as the Macchiaioli.       

Dosso Dossi

10 Giovanni di Niccolò de Luteri, better known as Dosso Dossi, was an Italian Renaissance painter who belonged to the School of Ferrara, painting in a style mainly influenced by Venetian painting, in particular Giorgione and early Titian.

Bonaldo Stringher

10 Bonaldo Stringher was an Italian banker, economist and politician.                                 

Renato Guttuso

10 Renato Guttuso was an Italian painter and politician. His best-known works include Flight from Etna (1938–39), Crucifixion (1941) and La Vucciria (1974). Guttuso also designed for the theatre and did illustrations for books. Those for Elizabeth David’s Italian Food (1954), introduced him to many in the English-speaking world. A fierce anti-Fascist, "he developed out of Expressionism and the harsh light of his native land to paint landscapes and social commentary".

Vittorio De Sica

10 Vittorio De Sica was an Italian film director and actor, a leading figure in the neorealist movement.

Guido Miglioli

10 Guido Miglioli è stato un politico e sindacalista italiano.                                         

Roberto Ruffilli

10 Roberto Ruffilli è stato un politologo e politico italiano.                                         

Gian Giacomo Medici

10 Gian Giacomo Medici was an Italian condottiero who became a noted Spanish general, Duke of Marignano and Marquess of Musso and Lecco in Lombardy.

Eugenio Barsanti

10 Father Eugenio Barsanti, also named Nicolò, was an Italian engineer, who together with Felice Matteucci of Lucca invented the first version of the internal combustion engine in 1853, Florence. Their patent request was granted in London on June 12, 1854, and published in London's Morning Journal under the title "Specification of Eugene Barsanti and Felix Matteucci, Obtaining Motive Power by the Explosion of Gasses", as documented by the Fondazione Barsanti e Matteucci.

Luigi Luzzatti

10 Luigi Luzzatti was an Italian financier, political economist, social philosopher, and jurist. He served as the 20th prime minister of Italy between 1910 and 1911.

Luigi Mercantini

10 Luigi Mercantini was an Italian poet and writer, who took part in the movements for the Italian unification in the late 19th century. He is better known for his poem "La spigolatrice di Sapri", depicting the ill-fated expedition led in 1857 by Carlo Pisacane against the Kingdom of Naples, which was also translated into English by Henry W. Longfellow with the title The Gleaner of Sapri.

René Descartes

10 René Descartes was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science. Mathematics was paramount to his method of inquiry, and he connected the previously separate fields of geometry and algebra into analytic geometry. Descartes spent much of his working life in the Dutch Republic, initially serving the Dutch States Army, and later becoming a central intellectual of the Dutch Golden Age. Although he served a Protestant state and was later counted as a deist by critics, Descartes was Roman Catholic.

Leo of Montefeltro

10 Saint Leo of Montefeltro otherwise Leone of Montefeltro was the first bishop of Montefeltro from 301. He is traditionally held to have been in origin a stonecutter from Dalmatia. He is venerated as a saint by the Roman Catholic church. His feast day is 1 August.

Antiochus of Sulcis

10 Antiochus of Sulcis was an early Christian martyr of Sardinia. The island and town of Sant'Antioco are named after him.

Jacopo Pirona

10 Jacopo Pirona è stato un abate, scrittore e linguista italiano. A lui si deve il primo dizionario con grafia unificata in lingua friulana.

Salvatore Mannironi

10 Salvatore Mannironi è stato un politico italiano.                                                   

Giovanni Maria Dettori

10 Giovanni Maria Dettori è stato un teologo italiano, ha insegnato teologia morale presso l'Università di Cagliari (1807).

Lorenzo Lotto

9 Lorenzo Lotto was an Italian painter, draughtsman, and illustrator, traditionally placed in the Venetian school, though much of his career was spent in other north Italian cities. He painted mainly altarpieces, religious subjects and portraits. He was active during the High Renaissance and the first half of the Mannerist period, but his work maintained a generally similar High Renaissance style throughout his career, although his nervous and eccentric posings and distortions represented a transitional stage to the Florentine and Roman Mannerists.

Abraham Lincoln

9 Abraham Lincoln was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman, who served as the 16th president of the United States, from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War, defending the nation as a constitutional union, defeating the insurgent Confederacy, playing a major role in the abolition of slavery, expanding the power of the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.

Luigi Maria Palazzolo

9 Luigi Maria Palazzolo was an Italian Roman Catholic priest. He established the Sisters of the Poor which was also known as the Palazzolo Institute. Other contributions include the construction of an orphanage for children in Traona and also the Little House of Divine Providence. He also worked for the poor and the outcast until his death.

Guido Guinizelli

9 Guido Guinizelli was an esteemed Italian love poet and is considered the "father" of the Dolce Stil Novo. He was the first to write in this new style of poetry writing, and thus is held to be the ipso facto founder. He was born in, and later exiled from, Bologna, Italy. It is speculated that he died in Verona, Italy.

Not found.

9                                                                                                    

Michele Amari

9 Michele Benedetto Gaetano Amari was a Sicilian patriot, liberal revolutionary and politician of aristocratic background, historian and orientalist. He rose to prominence as a champion of Sicilian independence from the Neapolitan Bourbon rule when he published his history of the War of the Sicilian Vespers in 1842. He was a minister in the Sicilian revolutionary government of 1848–9 and in Garibaldi's revolutionary cabinet in Sicily in 1860. Having embraced the cause of Italian unification, he helped prepare the annexation of Sicily by the Kingdom of Sardinia and was active in his later years as a senator of the Kingdom of Italy.

Cecco Angiolieri

9 Francesco Angiolieri, known as Cecco Angiolieri was an Italian poet.                               

Carlo Poma

9 Carlo Poma è stato un medico e patriota italiano, uno dei Martiri di Belfiore.                     

Joachim Murat

9 Joachim Murat was a French military commander and statesman who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. Under the French Empire he received the military titles of Marshal of the Empire and Admiral of France. He was the first Prince Murat, Grand Duke of Berg from 1806 to 1808, and King of Naples as Joachim-Napoleon from 1808 to 1815.

Alfredo Baccarini

9 Alfredo Baccarini è stato un ingegnere e politico italiano.                                         

Carlo Poerio

9 Carlo Poerio was an Italian poet, Risorgimento and 1848 Revolution activist, politician, and brother of Alessandro Poerio.

Prosper of Reggio

9 Prosper of Reggio is an Italian saint. Tradition holds that he was a bishop of Reggio Emilia for twenty-two years. Little is known of his life, but documents attest that he was indeed bishop of Reggio Emilia in the fifth century.

Cassian of Imola

9 Cassian, or Saint Cassian of Imola, or Cassius was a Christian saint of the 4th century. His feast day is August 13.

Ettore Fieramosca

9 Ettore Fieramosca was an Italian condottiero and nobleman during the Italian Wars. His father was Rainaldo, baron of Rocca d'Evandro, and it is thought that his mother was a noblewoman from the Gaetani family. The family inherited and occupied the Castle of Mignano.

Cesare Correnti

9 Cesare Correnti was an Italian revolutionary and politician.                                       

Alphonsus Liguori

9 Alphonsus Liguori, CSsR, sometimes called Alphonsus Maria de Liguori or Saint Alphonsus Liguori, was an Italian Catholic bishop, spiritual writer, composer, musician, artist, poet, lawyer, scholastic philosopher, and theologian. He founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, known as the Redemptorists, in November 1732.

Pope Sixtus II

9 Pope Sixtus II, also written as Pope Xystus II, was bishop of Rome from 31 August 257 until his death on 6 August 258. He was killed along with seven deacons, including Lawrence of Rome, during the persecution of Christians by the Emperor Valerian.

John of Procida

9 John of Procida (1210–1298) was an Italian medieval physician and diplomat.                         

Antoniotto Usodimare

9 Antoniotto Usodimare or Usus di Mare (1416–1462) was a Genoese trader and explorer in the service of the Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator. Jointly with Alvise Cadamosto, Usodimare discovered a great stretch of the West African coast in two known voyages in 1455 and 1456. They notably discovered the Cape Verde islands, and the Guinea coast from the Gambia River to the Geba River

Alberto Mario

9 Alberto Mario was an Italian politician, journalist and supporter of Giuseppe Garibaldi. His wife was Jessie White, an English supporter of Garibaldi.

Enrico Caruso

9 Enrico Caruso was an Italian operatic first lyric tenor then dramatic tenor. He sang to great acclaim at the major opera houses of Europe and the Americas, appearing in a wide variety of roles that ranged from the lyric to the dramatic. One of the first major singing talents to be commercially recorded, Caruso made 247 commercially released recordings from 1902 to 1920, which made him an internationally popular entertainment star.

Olindo Guerrini

9 Olindo Guerrini was an Italian poet who also published under the pseudonyms Lorenzo Stecchetti and Argìa Sbolenfi.

Vito Volterra

9 Vito Volterra was an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to mathematical biology and integral equations, being one of the founders of functional analysis.

Orazio Antinori

9 Orazio Antinori was an Italian explorer and zoologist.                                             

Pietro Verri

9 Count Pietro Verri was an Italian economist, historian, philosopher and writer. Among the most important personalities of the 18th-century Italian culture, he is considered among the fathers of the Lombard reformist Enlightenment and the most important pre-Smithian authority on cheapness and plenty.

Nicola Fabrizi

9 Nicola Fabrizi was an Italian politician, born at Sassi, Garfagnana under the jurisdiction of Modena. Fabrizi was one of the most militant and dedicated leaders of the Risorgimento, the movement aimed at the unification of Italy.

Anna Magnani

9 Anna Maria Magnani was an Italian actress. She was known for her explosive acting and earthy, realistic portrayals of characters.

Giovanni Schiaparelli

9 Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli was an Italian astronomer and science historian.                     

Filippo Meda

9 Filippo Meda è stato un politico, giornalista e banchiere italiano, protagonista del movimento cattolico italiano tra XIX e XX secolo.

Giancarlo Puecher Passavalli

9 Giancarlo Puecher Passavalli è stato un partigiano italiano decorato con la Medaglia d'oro al valor militare.

Seneca the Younger

9 Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger, usually known mononymously as Seneca, was a Stoic philosopher of Ancient Rome, a statesman, dramatist, and in one work, satirist, from the post-Augustan age of Latin literature.

Plato

9 Plato, born Aristocles, was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms. He raised problems for what became all the major areas of both theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy, and was the founder of the Platonic Academy, a philosophical school in Athens where Plato taught the doctrines that would later become known as Platonism.

Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti

9 Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti was an Italian literary critic, poet, writer, translator, linguist and author of two influential language-translation dictionaries. During his years in England he was often known as Joseph Baretti. Baretti's life was marked by controversies, to the point that he had to leave Italy, for England, where he remained for the rest of his life.

Giacomo Bove

9 Giacomo Bove was an Italian explorer. He sailed with Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld on the first voyage through the north-east passage, and later explored Tierra del Fuego and the Congo River.

Horace

9 Quintus Horatius Flaccus, commonly known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus. The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his Odes as just about the only Latin lyrics worth reading: "He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words."

Aloysius Gonzaga

9 Aloysius de Gonzaga was an Italian aristocrat who became a member of the Society of Jesus. While still a student at the Roman College, he died as a result of caring for the victims of a serious epidemic. He was beatified in 1605 and canonized in 1726.

Tiberius

9 Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus was Roman emperor from AD 14 until 37. He succeeded his stepfather Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC to Roman politician Tiberius Claudius Nero and his wife, Livia Drusilla. In 38 BC, Tiberius' mother divorced his father and married Augustus. Following the untimely deaths of Augustus' two grandsons and adopted heirs, Gaius and Lucius Caesar, Tiberius was designated Augustus' successor. Prior to this, Tiberius had proved himself an able diplomat, and one of the most successful Roman generals: his conquests of Pannonia, Dalmatia, Raetia, and (temporarily) parts of Germania laid the foundations for the empire's northern frontier.

Guido Mazzoni (sculptor)

9 Guido Mazzoni was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, mainly in terracotta, and painter of the Renaissance period, working in Bologna, Naples, and France. He is also sometimes referred to as Il Modanino.

Scipione Ronchetti

9 Scipione Ronchetti è stato un politico italiano.                                                   

Costantino Nivola

9 Costantino Nivola was an Italian sculptor, architectural sculptor, muralist, designer, and teacher. 

Victoria of Albitina

9 Saint Victoria is venerated as a martyr and saint by the Catholic Church. It states that she was of the North African nobility and refused an arranged marriage. On her wedding day, she leaped from a window in her parents' house. Arrested for her faith, Victoria argued with the judge at her trial, who was willing to release her. She was executed with forty-five other parishioners. Names from this group include Thelica, Ampelius, Emeritus, and Rogatian.

Pliny the Elder

9 Gaius Plinius Secundus, called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic Naturalis Historia, which became an editorial model for encyclopedias. He spent most of his spare time studying, writing, and investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field.

Guido Picelli

9 Guido Picelli was an Italian Communist politician and anti-fascist militant. He was a founding member of the Arditi del Popolo and a participant in the Spanish Civil War where he died in battle.

Marcus Aurelius

9 Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 and a Stoic philosopher. He was a member of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty, the last of the rulers later known as the Five Good Emperors and the last emperor of the Pax Romana, an age of relative peace, calm, and stability for the Roman Empire lasting from 27 BC to 180 AD. He served as Roman consul in 140, 145, and 161.

Giovanni Battista Melis

9 Giovanni Battista 'Titino' Melis è stato un politico italiano.                                     

Francesco Borromini

9 Francesco Borromini, byname of Francesco Castelli, was an Italian architect born in the modern Swiss canton of Ticino who, with his contemporaries Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Pietro da Cortona, was a leading figure in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture.

Riccardo Bacchelli

9 Riccardo Bacchelli was an Italian writer. In 1927 he was one of the founders of the review La Ronda and Bagutta Prize for literature. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature eight times.

Antonio Ligabue

9 Antonio Ligabue was an Italian painter. He was one of the most important Naïve artists of the 20th century.

Dorando Pietri

9 Dorando Pietri was an Italian long-distance runner. He finished first in the marathon at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London but was subsequently disqualified.

Lucio Battisti

9 Lucio Battisti was an Italian singer-songwriter and composer. He is widely recognized for songs that defined the late 1960s and 1970s era of Italian songwriting.

Carlo Del Prete

8 Carlo Del Prete was a pioneer aviator from Italy.                                                   

Melchiorre Gioia

8 Melchiorre Gioja was an Italian writer on philosophy and political economy. His name is spelled Gioia in modern Italian.

Diocletian

8 Diocletian, nicknamed Jovius, was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305. He was born Diocles to a family of low status in the Roman province of Dalmatia. Diocles rose through the ranks of the military early in his career, eventually becoming a cavalry commander for the army of Emperor Carus. After the deaths of Carus and his son Numerian on a campaign in Persia, Diocles was proclaimed emperor by the troops, taking the name Diocletianus. The title was also claimed by Carus's surviving son, Carinus, but Diocletian defeated him in the Battle of the Margus.

Paulinus of Nola

8 Paulinus of Nola born Pontius Meropius Anicius Paulinus, was a Roman poet, writer, and senator who attained the ranks of suffect consul and governor of Campania but – following the assassination of the emperor Gratian and under the influence of his Hispanic wife Therasia of Nola — abandoned his career, was baptized as a Christian, and probably after Therasia's death became bishop of Nola in Campania. While there, he wrote poems in honor of his predecessor Saint Felix and corresponded with other Christian leaders throughout the empire. He is credited with the introduction of bells to Christian worship and helped resolve the disputed election of Pope Boniface I.

Andrea Solari

8 Andrea Solari (1460–1524) was an Italian Renaissance painter of the Milanese school. He was initially named Andre del Gobbo, but more confusingly as Andrea del Bartolo a name shared with two other Italian painters, the 14th-century Siennese Andrea di Bartolo, and the 15th-century Florentine Andrea di Bartolo.

Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli

8 Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer.             

Roberto Ardigò

8 Roberto Felice Ardigò was an Italian philosopher. He was an influential leader of Italian positivism and a former Roman Catholic priest.

Leone Leoni

8 Leone Leoni was an Italian sculptor of international outlook who travelled in Italy, Germany, Austria, France, Spain and the Netherlands. Leoni is regarded as the finest of the Cinquecento medallists. He made his reputation in commissions he received from the Habsburg monarchs Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Philip II of Spain. His usual medium was bronze, although he also worked in marble and alabaster, carved gemstones and probably left some finished work in wax, as well as designing coins. He mainly produced portraits, and was repeatedly used by the Spanish, and also the Austrian, Habsburgs.

Giosuè Borsi

8 Giosuè Borsi è stato uno scrittore e poeta italiano.                                               

Paolo Thaon di Revel

8 Paolo Camillo Thaon, Marquess of Revel, latterly titled with the honorary title of 1st Duke of the Sea, was an Italian admiral of the Regia Marina during World War I and later a politician.

Filippo Re

8 Filippo Re è stato un botanico e agronomo italiano.                                                 

Enrico Ferri

8 Enrico Ferri may refer to:Enrico Ferri (politician), Italian politician and magistrate Enrico Ferri (criminologist) (1856–1929), Italian criminologist

Filippo Serafini

8 Filippo Serafini è stato un giurista italiano nato in Trentino, allora parte dell'impero austro-ungarico.

Contardo Ferrini

8 Contardo Ferrini was a noted Italian jurist and legal scholar. He was also a fervent Roman Catholic, who lived a devout life of prayer and service to the poor. He has been beatified by the Catholic Church.

Matteo Renato Imbriani

8 Matteo Renato Imbriani è stato un politico italiano, esponente del Partito radicale storico.       

Giacomo Carissimi

8 (Gian) Giacomo Carissimi was an Italian composer and music teacher. He is one of the most celebrated masters of the early Baroque or, more accurately, the Roman School of music. Carissimi established the characteristic features of the Latin oratorio and was a prolific composer of masses, motets, and cantatas. He was highly influential in musical developments in northern European countries through his pupils, like Kerll in Germany and Charpentier in France, and the wide dissemination of his music.

Filippo De Pisis

8 Filippo De Pisis was an Italian painter and poet.                                                   

Renato Serra

8 Renato Luigi Giuseppe Giulio Serra è stato un critico letterario e scrittore italiano.             

Enrico Forlanini

8 Enrico Forlanini was an Italian engineer, inventor and aeronautical pioneer, known for his works on helicopters, aeroplanes, hydrofoils and dirigibles. He was born in Milan. His older brother Carlo Forlanini was a physician.

Francesco de Pinedo

8 Francesco de Pinedo was a famous Italian aviator. A Regia Marina officer who transferred to the Regia Aeronautica, he was an advocate of the seaplane and is best known for his long-range flying boat flights in the 1920s that demonstrated the feasibility of global air travel.

Giovanni Costa (painter, born 1826)

8 Giovanni Costa, often known as Nino Costa, was an Italian landscape painter and patriotic revolutionary.

Indro Montanelli

8 Indro Alessandro Raffaello Schizogene Montanelli was an Italian journalist, historian, and writer. He was one of the fifty World Press Freedom Heroes according to the International Press Institute. A volunteer for the Second Italo-Ethiopian War and an admirer of Benito Mussolini's dictatorship, Montanelli had a change of heart in 1943, and joined the liberal resistance group Giustizia e Libertà but was discovered and arrested along with his wife by Nazi authorities in 1944. Sentenced to death, he was able to flee to Switzerland the day before his scheduled execution by firing squad thanks to a secret service double agent.

Andrea Carlo Ferrari

8 Andrea Ferrari – later adopting the middle name "Carlo" – was an Italian Catholic prelate who served as a cardinal and as the Archbishop of Milan from 1894 until his death. Ferrari was a well-regarded pastor and theologian who led two dioceses before being appointed to the prestigious Milanese archdiocese which he led until his death. But he was later accused of Modernism which led to a strained relationship with Pope Pius X who finally reconciled with Ferrari in 1912.

Jacopo della Quercia

8 Jacopo della Quercia, also known as Jacopo di Pietro d'Agnolo di Guarnieri, was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance, a contemporary of Brunelleschi, Ghiberti and Donatello. He is considered a precursor of Michelangelo.

Raffaello Lambruschini

8 Raffaello Lambruschini was a priest, Tuscan agricultural and pedagogical scholar and author; and Italian politician and senator. His diverse interests were pursued through an evolving career.

Antonio da Sangallo the Younger

8 Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, also known as Antonio Cordiani, was an Italian architect active during the Renaissance, mainly in Rome and the Papal States. One of his most popular projects that he worked on designing is St. Peter’s basilica in the Vatican City. He was also an engineer who worked on restoring several buildings. His success was greatly due to his contracts with renowned artists during his time. Sangallo died in Terni, Italy, and was buried in St. Peter’s Basilica.

Giovanni Papini

8 Giovanni Papini was an Italian journalist, essayist, novelist, short story writer, poet, literary critic, and philosopher. A controversial literary figure of the early and mid-twentieth century, he was the earliest and most enthusiastic representative and promoter of Italian pragmatism. Papini was admired for his writing style and engaged in heated polemics. Involved with avant-garde movements such as futurism and post-decadentism, he moved from one political and philosophical position to another, always dissatisfied and uneasy: he converted from anti-clericalism and atheism to Catholicism, and went from convinced interventionism – before 1915 – to an aversion to war. In the 1930s, after moving from individualism to conservatism, he finally became a fascist, while maintaining an aversion to Nazism.

Gracchi brothers

8 The Gracchi brothers were two brothers who lived during the beginning of the late Roman Republic: Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus. They served in the plebeian tribunates of 133 BC and 122–121 BC, respectively. They have been received as well-born and eloquent advocates for social reform who were both killed by a reactionary political system; their terms in the tribunate precipitated a series of domestic crises which are viewed as unsettling the Roman Republic and contributing to its collapse.

Vincenzo Vela

8 Vincenzo Vela was a Swiss-Italian sculptor, active mainly in northern Italy.                       

Francesco Nullo

8 Francesco Nullo was an Italian patriot, military officer and merchant, and a close friend and confidant of Giuseppe Garibaldi. He supported independence movements in Italy and Poland. He was a participant in the Five Days of Milan and other events of the revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states, Sicilian Expedition of the Thousand in 1860 and the Polish January Uprising in 1863. His military career ended with him receiving the rank of general in Poland, shortly before his death in the Battle of Krzykawka.

Antonio Salieri

8 Antonio Salieri was an Italian composer and teacher of the classical period. He was born in Legnago, south of Verona, in the Republic of Venice, and spent his adult life and career as a subject of the Habsburg monarchy.

Giovanni Dandolo

8 Giovanni Dandolo was the 48th Doge of Venice, elected late in his life on 31 March 1280. He died on 2 November 1289. During his reign, the first Venetian gold ducat was introduced into circulation.

Gastone Sozzi

8 Gastone Sozzi è stato un politico italiano comunista, imprigionato, torturato e ucciso dalla polizia fascista.

Bernardino Ramazzini

8 Bernardino Ramazzini was an Italian physician.                                                     

Gerolamo Rovetta

8 Gerolamo Rovetta was an Italian writer and playwright.                                             

Cola di Rienzo

8 Nicola Gabrini, commonly known as Cola di Rienzo or Rienzi, was an Italian politician and leader, who styled himself as the "tribune of the Roman people".

Giuseppe Biasi

8 Giuseppe Biasi was an Italian painter.                                                             

Luigi Tenco

8 Luigi Tenco was an Italian singer-songwriter.                                                       

Annibale Caro

8 Fra' Annibale Caro, K.M., was an Italian writer and poet.                                           

Guido Baccelli

8 Guido Baccelli was an Italian physician and statesman. One of the most renowned Italian physicians of the late 19th century, he was Minister of Education of the then young Kingdom of Italy for six times and once Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, for a total period of almost ten years, between 1881 and 1903. He was a teacher to Augusto Murri. Together with Italian surgeon Francesco Durante, Baccelli promoted the construction of the Policlinico Umberto I in Rome.

Attilio Deffenu

8 Attilio Deffenu was an Italian journalist, soldier, exponent of Sardinian autonomism and a syndicalist.

Crispin and Crispinian

8 Saints Crispin and Crispinian are the Christian patron saints of cobblers, curriers, tanners, and leather workers. They were beheaded during the reign of Diocletian; the date of their execution is given as 25 October 285 or 286.

Roberto Rossellini

8 Roberto Gastone Zeffiro Rossellini was an Italian film director, screenwriter and producer. He was one of the most prominent directors of the Italian neorealist cinema, contributing to the movement with films such as Rome, Open City (1945), Paisan (1946), and Germany, Year Zero (1948). He is also known for his films starring Ingrid Bergman, Stromboli (1950), Europe '51 (1952), Journey to Italy (1954), Fear (1954), and Joan of Arc at the Stake (1954).

Pino Puglisi

8 Giuseppe "Pino" Puglisi was a Roman Catholic priest in the rough Palermo neighbourhood of Brancaccio. He openly challenged the Sicilian Mafia who controlled the neighbourhood, and was killed by them on his 56th birthday. His life story has been retold in a book, Pino Puglisi, il prete che fece tremare la mafia con un sorriso (2013), and portrayed in a film, Come Into the Light in 2005. He is the first person killed by the Mafia who has been beatified by the Catholic Church.

Ivanoe Bonomi

8 Ivanoe Bonomi was an Italian politician and journalist who served as Prime Minister of Italy from 1921 to 1922 and again from 1944 to 1945.

Desiderio de Langres

8 San Desiderio en latín Desiderius, obispo de Langres                                               

Gino Bartali

8 Gino Bartali,, nicknamed Gino the Pious and Ginettaccio, was a champion road cyclist. He was the most renowned Italian cyclist before the Second World War, having won the Giro d'Italia twice, in 1936 and 1937, and the Tour de France in 1938. After the war, he added one more victory in each event: the Giro d'Italia in 1946 and the Tour de France in 1948. His second and last Tour de France victory in 1948 gave him the largest gap between victories in the race.

Aurelio Nicolodi

8 Aurelio Nicolodi è stato un educatore ed irredentista italiano, fondatore dell'Unione italiana ciechi.

Francesco Berni

8 Francesco Berni was an Italian poet. He is credited for beginning what is now known as "Bernesque poetry", a serio-comedic type of poetry with elements of satire.

Macedonio Melloni

8 Macedonio Melloni was an Italian physicist, notable for demonstrating that radiant heat has similar physical properties to those of light.

Simone Martini

8 Simone Martini was an Italian painter born in Siena. He was a major figure in the development of early Italian painting and greatly influenced the development of the International Gothic style.

Giovanni Battista Candotti

8 Giovanni Battista Candotti è stato un compositore, organista e presbitero italiano.                 

Antonello da Messina

8 Antonello da Messina, properly Antonello di Giovanni di Antonio, but also called Antonello degli Antoni and Anglicized as Anthony of Messina, was an Italian painter from Messina, active during the Italian Early Renaissance.

Teobaldo Ciconi

8 Teobaldo Ciconi è stato un giornalista, poeta e drammaturgo italiano.                               

Gabriele Rossetti

8 Gabriele Pasquale Giuseppe Rossetti was an Italian nobleman, poet, constitutionalist, scholar, and founder of the secret society Carbonari.

Sebastiano Venier

8 Sebastiano Venier was Doge of Venice from 11 June 1577 to 3 March 1578. He is best remembered in his role as the Venetian admiral at the Battle of Lepanto.

Giovanni Marinelli

8 Giovanni Marinelli was an Italian Fascist political leader.                                         

Julius the Veteran

8 Saint Julius the Veteran, also known as Julius of Durostorum, is a Roman Catholic, Anglican and Eastern Orthodox saint and martyr. His feast day is 27 May.

Fidelis of Como

8 Fidelis of Como was an Italian soldier-saint, according to Christian tradition.                     

Antioco Casula

8 Antioco Giuseppe Casula, meglio noto come Montanaru, è stato uno dei più importanti poeti in lingua sarda logudorese.

Enrico Costa (politician)

8 Enrico Costa is an Italian politician and lawyer. His father, Raffaele Costa, was also a politician who was Italian Minister of Health in the first Amato government and the first Berlusconi government.

Velio Spano

8 Velio Spano was a Sardinian-born antifascist activist and, at times, fighter through the Mussolini years. He is also remembered for his writings: he later came to be identified, increasingly, as a journalist. After the leader fell from power in 1943 and Italy was liberated in 1945, he became an increangly mainstream politician, serving as a member of the senate between 1948 and 1963, and playing an increasingly prominent leadership role in the Communist Party.

Terence of Pesaro

8 Saint Terence is the patron saint of Pesaro. According to tradition, he was from Pannonia and fled to the Adriatic coast to escape the persecution of Christians under Decius. His corpse was eventually thrown into a gorge near some hot springs, near Pesaro. The place of his martyrdom was considered to be the area called the Apsella di Montelabbate, near the Abbey of San Tomaso in Foglia. This area contains sulphurous springs, and locally they are called the l'Acqua di S. Terenzio.

Vittorino da Feltre

8 Vittorino da Feltre was an Italian humanist and teacher. He was born in Feltre, Belluno, Republic of Venice and died in Mantua. His real name was Vittorino Rambaldoni. It was in Vittorino that the Renaissance idea of the complete man, or l'uomo universale — health of body, strength of character, wealth of mind — reached its first formulation.

Eduardo De Filippo

8 Eduardo De Filippo OMRI, also known simply as Eduardo, was an Italian actor, director, screenwriter and playwright, best known for his Neapolitan works Filumena Marturano and Napoli Milionaria. Considered one of the most important Italian artists of the 20th century, De Filippo was the author of many theatrical dramas staged and directed by himself first and later awarded and played outside Italy. For his artistic merits and contributions to Italian culture, he was named senatore a vita by the President of the Italian Republic Sandro Pertini.

Erasmo di Valvasone

8 Erasmo di Valvasone, o Erasmo da Valvason, è stato un poeta e traduttore italiano.                 

Antonio Zanon

8 Antonio Zanon è stato un imprenditore, agronomo ed economista italiano del Settecento. Portò nell'economia friulana le idee dell'Illuminismo europeo.

Giuseppe Mercalli

8 Giuseppe Mercalli was an Italian volcanologist and Catholic priest. He is known best for the Mercalli intensity scale for measuring earthquake intensity.

Peppino Mereu

8 Peppino Mereu è stato uno dei poeti in lingua sarda più importanti di fine Ottocento, nonché autore di Nanneddu meu, divenuto uno dei canti più popolari della Sardegna.

Lao Silesu

8 Stanislao Silesu was an Italian composer. His father Luigi was organist at the Cathedral of Santa Clara.

Geminianus

8 Saint Geminianus was a fourth-century deacon who became Bishop of Modena. He is mentioned in the year 390, when he participated in a council called by Saint Ambrose in Milan. From his name, it has been deduced that Geminianus probably belonged to the caste of Roman senators.

Ildebrando Pizzetti

8 Ildebrando Pizzetti was an Italian composer of classical music, musicologist, and music critic.     

Johannes Kepler

8 Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music. He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best known for his laws of planetary motion, and his books Astronomia nova, Harmonice Mundi, and Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae, influencing among others Isaac Newton, providing one of the foundations for his theory of universal gravitation. The variety and impact of his work made Kepler one of the founders and fathers of modern astronomy, the scientific method, natural and modern science. He has been described as the "father of science fiction" for his novel Somnium.

Salvatore Carnevale

8 Salvatore Carnevale, detto Turi, è stato un sindacalista e politico italiano.                       

Mosè Bianchi

7 Mosè Bianchi (1840–1904) was an Italian painter and printmaker.                                     

Carlo Matteucci

7 Carlo Matteucci was an Italian physicist and neurophysiologist who was a pioneer in the study of bioelectricity.

Antonio Carini

7 Antonio Carini (1872–1950) was an Italian physician, bacteriologist and professor. He worked in the public health services of São Paulo, Brazil for over forty years. Carini showed that rabies of herbivores could be transmitted by bats, and discovered a parasitic fungus, which causes pneumocystosis.

Ivo Oliveti

7 Ivo Oliveti è stato un politico, aviatore e militare italiano, veterano della prima guerra mondiale e successivamente Segretario federale del Partito Nazionale Fascista, sezione Emiliano-romagnola, e poi giudice del Tribunale speciale per la difesa dello Stato.

Paolo Boselli

7 Paolo Boselli was an Italian politician who served as the 34th prime minister of Italy during World War I.

Julia of Corsica

7 Julia of Corsica, also known as Julia of Carthage, and more rarely Julia of Nonza, was a virgin and martyr who is venerated as a saint. The date of her death is most probably on or after AD 439. She and Devota are the patron saints of Corsica in the Catholic Church. Julia was declared a patroness of Corsica by the church on 5 August 1809; Devota, on 14 March 1820. Both were martyred in pre-Christian Corsica under Roman rule. Julia's feast day is 23 May in the Western liturgical calendar and 16 July in the East.

Leo Tolstoy

7 Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential authors of all time. He received nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature every year from 1902 to 1906 and for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, 1902, and 1909.

Giuseppe Missori

7 Giuseppe Missori was an Italian patriot, military leader during the Italian unification, and politician. He served under Garibaldi during the Second Italian War of Independence, the Expedition of the Thousand, and the Third Italian War of Independence. After the unification of Italy, he was twice a member of the City Council of Milan.

Aristide Gabelli

7 Aristide Gabelli è stato un pedagogista, politico e filosofo positivista italiano.                 

Brigid of Kildare

7 Saint Brigid of Kildare or Saint Brigid of Ireland is the patroness saint of Ireland, and one of its three national saints along with Patrick and Columba. According to medieval Irish hagiographies, she was an abbess who founded the important abbey of Kildare, as well as several other convents of nuns. There are few historical facts about her, and her hagiographies are mainly anecdotes and miracle tales, some of which are rooted in pagan folklore. They say Brigid was the daughter of a chieftain and a slave woman, and was raised in a druid's household before becoming a consecrated virgin. She is patroness of many things, including poetry, learning, healing, protection, blacksmithing, livestock and dairy production. In her honour, a perpetual fire was kept burning at Kildare for centuries.

Giovanni Villani

7 Giovanni Villani was an Italian banker, official, diplomat and chronicler from Florence who wrote the Nuova Cronica on the history of Florence. He was a leading statesman of Florence but later gained an unsavoury reputation and served time in prison as a result of the bankruptcy of a trading and banking company he worked for. His interest in and elaboration of economic details, statistical information, and political and psychological insight mark him as a more modern chronicler of late medieval Europe. His Cronica is viewed as the first introduction of statistics as a positive element in history. However, historian Kenneth R. Bartlett notes that, in contrast to his Renaissance-era successors, "his reliance on such elements as divine providence links Villani closely with the medieval vernacular chronicle tradition." In recurring themes made implicit through significant events described in his Cronica, Villani also emphasized three assumptions about the relationship of sin and morality to historical events, these being that excess brings disaster, that forces of right and wrong are in constant struggle, and that events are directly influenced by the will of God.

Gaetano Previati

7 Gaetano Previati (1852–1920) was an Italian Symbolist painter in the Divisionist style.             

Giovanni Marradi

7 Giovanni Marradi (1852–1922) was an Italian poet born at Livorno, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and educated at Pisa and Florence. At the latter place, he started with others a short-lived review, the Nuovi Goliardi, which made a literary sensation. He became a teacher at various colleges, and eventually an educational inspector in Massa Carrara.

Carlo Stuparich

7 Carlo Stuparich was an Italian writer, patriot and war hero. His one substantive work was published only posthumously, on the initiative of his elder brother, Giovanni "Giani" Stuparich (1891–1961), another notable author. Admirers believe that, had he lived for longer, Carlo would have been remembered as the more accomplished and more original writer of the two. On 30 May 1916 Carlo Stuparich and the platoon he led, having become cut-off near Fort Corbin in the aftermath of a general retreat order some days earlier from higher up the chain of command, found themselves surrounded, outnumbered and overwhelmingly outgunned by the Austrian army under the command of Field Marshal von Hötzendorf. After a failed counter-attack in which his platoon had been wiped out, Carlo Stuparich committed suicide to avoid capture by the enemy.

Terenzio, Count Mamiani della Rovere

7 Terenzio, Count Mamiani della Rovere was an Italian writer, academic, diplomat and politician, and was committed to the cause of the unification of Italy under the Sardinian monarchy. He was one of the leading figures of Liberal Catholicism.

Carlos Pellegrini

7 Carlos Enrique José Pellegrini Bevans was Vice President of Argentina and became President of Argentina from August 6, 1890 to October 12, 1892, upon Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman's resignation.

Luigi Cagnola

7 Marchese Luigi Cagnola was a Neoclassical Italian architect.                                       

Giovanni Dupré

7 Giovanni Dupré was an Italian sculptor, of distant French stock long settled in Tuscany, who developed a reputation second only to that of his contemporary Lorenzo Bartolini.

Agnolo Firenzuola

7 Agnolo Firenzuola was an Italian writer and poet, of mainly secular works, despite having been a Vallombrosan monk.

Lord Byron

7 George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron was a British poet and peer. He is one of the major figures of the Romantic movement, and is regarded as being among the greatest of English poets. Among his best-known works are the lengthy narratives Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage; much of his shorter lyrics in Hebrew Melodies also became popular.

Tancredi Galimberti

7 Tancredi Galimberti was an Italian politician during the first part of the twentieth century. He served as Minister for Postal and Telegraphic communications in the Zanardelli government between 1901 and 1903. In 1929, despite being openly equivocal about the leader's post-democratic approach to politics, he was appointed to the senate.

Plautus

7 Titus Maccius Plautus was a Roman playwright of the Old Latin period. His comedies are the earliest Latin literary works to have survived in their entirety. He wrote Palliata comoedia, the genre devised by Livius Andronicus, the innovator of Latin literature. The word Plautine refers to both Plautus's own works and works similar to or influenced by his.

Alberto Savinio

7 Alberto Savinio, born as Andrea Francesco Alberto de Chirico was a Greek-Italian writer, painter, musician, journalist, essayist, playwright, set designer and composer. He was the younger brother of 'metaphysical' painter Giorgio de Chirico. His work often dealt with philosophical and psychological themes, and he was also heavily concerned with the philosophy of art.

Aldus Manutius

7 Aldus Pius Manutius was an Italian printer and humanist who founded the Aldine Press. Manutius devoted the later part of his life to publishing and disseminating rare texts. His interest in and preservation of Greek manuscripts mark him as an innovative publisher of his age dedicated to the editions he produced. Aldus Manutius introduced the small portable book format with his enchiridia, which revolutionized personal reading and are the predecessor of the modern paperback book. He also helped to standardize use of punctuation including the comma and the semicolon.

Carl Linnaeus

7 Carl Linnaeus, also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné, was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as Carolus a Linné.

Michele Gortani

7 Michele Gortani was an Italian geologist, entomologist, and politician. He was a specialist on the Carnian Alps where he grew up and worked for much of his life.

Giuseppe Mengoni

7 Giuseppe Mengoni was an Italian architect. He designed the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan. He also designed the Palazzo di Residenza of Bologna Saving Bank (Carisbo). He died by accident, falling off the roof of the gallery he had built.

Gustavo Modena

7 Gustavo Modena è stato un attore teatrale e patriota italiano.                                     

Beppe Fenoglio

7 Giuseppe "Beppe" Fenoglio was an Italian writer, partisan and translator from English.             

Lorenzo Bartolini

7 Lorenzo Bartolini was an Italian sculptor who infused his neoclassicism with a strain of sentimental piety and naturalistic detail, while he drew inspiration from the sculpture of the Florentine Renaissance rather than the overpowering influence of Antonio Canova that circumscribed his Florentine contemporaries.

Enrico Panzacchi

7 Enrico Panzacchi è stato un poeta, critico d'arte, politico critico musicale italiano, nonché oratore e prosatore.

Pellegrino Matteucci

7 Doctor Pellegrino Matteucci was an Italian explorer known for his expeditions to Africa.           

Januarius

7 Januarius, also known as Januarius I of Benevento, was Bishop of Benevento and is a martyr and saint of the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. While no contemporary sources on his life are preserved, later sources and legends claim that he died during the Great Persecution, which ended with Diocletian's retirement in 305.

Aeneas

7 In Greco-Roman mythology, Aeneas was a Trojan hero, the son of the Trojan prince Anchises and the Greek goddess Aphrodite. His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy, making Aeneas a second cousin to Priam's children. He is a minor character in Greek mythology and is mentioned in Homer's Iliad. Aeneas receives full treatment in Roman mythology, most extensively in Virgil's Aeneid, where he is cast as an ancestor of Romulus and Remus. He became the first true hero of Rome. Snorri Sturluson identifies him with the Norse god Víðarr of the Æsir.

Panfilo Castaldi

7 Panfilo Castaldi was an Italian physician and "master of the art of printing", to whom local tradition attributes the invention of moveable type. He was born in Feltre but spent most of his life working in Milan.

Giustino Fortunato

7 Giustino Fortunato was an Italian historian and politician.                                         

Vincenzo Cuoco

7 Vincenzo Cuoco was an Italian writer. He is mainly remembered for his Saggio Storico sulla Rivoluzione Napoletana del 1799. He is considered as one of the precursors of the realist school and Italian liberalism. Cuoco adapted the critique of political rationalism of Edmund Burke and Joseph de Maistre for liberal ends, and has been described as a better historian than either of them. He influenced many subsequent Italian intellectuals, from Ugo Foscolo and Alessandro Manzoni to Bertrando and Silvio Spaventa to Benedetto Croce and Antonio Gramsci.

Gaspara Stampa

7 Gaspara Stampa was an Italian poet. She is considered to have been the greatest woman poet of the Italian Renaissance, and she is regarded by many as the greatest Italian woman poet of any age.

Andrea Appiani

7 Andrea Appiani was an Italian neoclassical painter.                                                 

Carlo De Cristoforis

7 Carlo De Cristoforis è stato un patriota italiano, veterano delle cinque giornate, economista, autore di un celebre testo di teoria militare. Capitano dei Cacciatori delle Alpi, cadde nella battaglia di San Fermo, all'età di trentaquattro anni.

Giuseppe Sacconi

7 Giuseppe Sacconi was an Italian architect. He is best known as the designer of the monument of Vittorio Emanuele II, in the centre of Rome. Following the prestigious commission, he became one of the protagonists of the artistic culture of post-unification Italy, which was then engaged in heated debates aimed at creating a "national style". He was also a restorer of some famous monuments.

Teofilo Folengo

7 Teofilo Folengo, who wrote under the pseudonym of Merlino Coccajo or Merlinus Cocaius in Latin, was one of the principal Italian macaronic poets.

Pierre Curie

7 Pierre Curie was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity. In 1903, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Skłodowska–Curie, and Henri Becquerel, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel". With their win, the Curies became the first ever married couple to win the Nobel Prize, launching the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes.

Giacinto Gallina

7 Giacinto Gallina è stato un commediografo italiano, considerato l'erede della grande stagione goldoniana.

Pietro Giordani

7 Pietro Giordani was an Italian writer, classical literary scholar, and a close friend of, and influence on, Giacomo Leopardi.

Giaime Pintor

7 Giaime Pintor è stato un giornalista, scrittore e partigiano italiano.                             

Iris Versari

7 Iris Versari was an Italian partisan from Emilia-Romagna who was decorated with a Gold Medal of Military Valour on 16 April 1976.

Pier Giorgio Frassati

7 Pier Giorgio Frassati was an Italian Catholic activist and a member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic. He was dedicated to Catholic social justice issues and joined several charitable organizations, including Catholic Action and the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul, to better aid the poor and less fortunate living in his hometown of Turin; he put his own pious beliefs into practice to cater to their needs and was best known for his devotion and amiable character.

Ferruccio Busoni

7 Ferruccio Busoni was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor, editor, writer, and teacher. His international career and reputation led him to work closely with many of the leading musicians, artists and literary figures of his time, and he was a sought-after keyboard instructor and a teacher of composition.

Gaetano Filangieri

7 Gaetano Filangieri was an Italian jurist and philosopher.                                           

Onuphrius

7 Onuphrius lived as a hermit in the desert of Upper Egypt in the 4th or 5th centuries. He is venerated as Saint Onuphrius in both the Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic churches, as Venerable Onuphrius in Eastern Orthodoxy, and as Saint Nofer the Anchorite in Oriental Orthodoxy.

Galen

7 Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus, often anglicized as Galen or Galen of Pergamon, was a Roman and Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher. Considered to be one of the most accomplished of all medical researchers of antiquity, Galen influenced the development of various scientific disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and neurology, as well as philosophy and logic.

Orazio Vecchi

7 Orazio Vecchi was an Italian composer of the late Renaissance. He is most famous for his madrigal comedies, particularly L'Amfiparnaso.

Odoric of Pordenone

7 Odoric of Pordenone, was a Franciscan friar and missionary explorer from Friuli in northeast Italy. He journeyed through India, Sumatra, Java, and China, where he spent three years in the imperial capital of Khanbaliq. After more than ten years of travel, he returned home and dictated a narrative of his experiences and observations called the Relatio, highlighting various cultural, religious, and social peculiarities he encountered in Asia.

Paolo Mantegazza

7 Paolo Mantegazza was an Italian neurologist, physiologist, and anthropologist, known for his experimental investigation of coca leaves and its effects on the human psyche. He was also an author of fiction.

Emilio Visconti Venosta

7 Emilio, marquis Visconti-Venosta was an Italian statesman. He is one of the longest-serving Ministers of Foreign Affairs in the history of Italy.

Giuseppe Rovani

7 Giuseppe Rovani was an Italian novelist and essayist.                                               

Jacopo Sansovino

7 Jacopo d'Antonio Sansovino was an Italian Renaissance sculptor and architect, best known for his works around the Piazza San Marco in Venice. These are crucial works in the history of Venetian Renaissance architecture. Andrea Palladio, in the Preface to his Quattro Libri was of the opinion that Sansovino's Biblioteca Marciana was the best building erected since Antiquity. Giorgio Vasari uniquely printed his Vita of Sansovino separately.

Vittorio Bersezio

7 Vittorio Bersezio è stato uno scrittore, giornalista e deputato italiano. Uno dei principali autori teatrali in lingua piemontese.

Mario Rapisardi

7 Mario Rapisardi was an Italian poet, supporter of Risorgimento and member of the Scapigliatura.     

Theodoric the Great

7 Theodoric the Great, also called Theodoric the Amal, was king of the Ostrogoths (475–526), and ruler of the independent Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy between 493 and 526, regent of the Visigoths (511–526), and a patrician of the Eastern Roman Empire. As ruler of the combined Gothic realms, Theodoric controlled an empire stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Adriatic Sea. Though Theodoric himself only used the title 'king' (rex), some scholars characterize him as a Western Roman Emperor in all but name, since he ruled a large part of the former Western Roman Empire described as a Res Publica, had received the former Western imperial regalia from Constantinople in 497 which he used, was referred to by the imperial title princeps by the Italian aristocracy and exercised imperial powers recognized in the East, such as naming consuls.

Francesco Morosini

7 Francesco Morosini was the Doge of Venice from 1688 to 1694, at the height of the Great Turkish War. He was one of the many Doges and generals produced by the Venetian noble Morosini family. He is said to have "dressed always in red from top to toe and never went into action without his cat beside him."

Alessandro Poerio

7 Alessandro Poerio, Italian poet and patriot, The son of Baron Giuseppe Poerio, and uncle of the Neapolitan author Vittorio Imbriani (1840-1886) and his brother the radical politician Matteo Renato Imbriani (1843-1901).

Ferrante Aporti

7 Ferrante Aporti was an Italian educator and theologian.                                             

Raimondo Montecuccoli

7 Raimondo Montecuccoli was an Italian-born professional soldier, military theorist, and diplomat, who served the Habsburg monarchy.

Ugo Pellis

7 Ugo Pellis è stato un letterato e fotografo italiano.                                               

Antonio Scarpa

7 Antonio Scarpa was an Italian anatomist and professor.                                             

Paschal Baylón

7 Paschal Baylón was a Spanish Roman Catholic lay professed religious of the Order of Friars Minor. He served as a shepherd alongside his father in his childhood and adolescence, but desired to enter the religious life. He was refused once but later was admitted as a Franciscan lay brother and became noted for his strict austerities, as well as his love for and compassion towards the sick. He was sent to Paris, France; on the way he encounterd Calvinists and was nearly killed by a mob. He was best known for his strong and deep devotion to the Eucharist.

Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy

7 Amadeus VI, nicknamed the Green Count was Count of Savoy from 1343 to 1383. He was the eldest son of Aymon, Count of Savoy, and Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat. Though he started under a regency, he showed himself to be a forceful leader, continuing Savoy's emergence as a power in Europe politically and militarily. He participated in a crusade against the Turks who were moving into Europe.

Carlo Casalegno

7 Carlo Casalegno was an Italian journalist and writer. He was killed by a group of four terrorists belonging to the Red Brigades; he was the first journalist ever to be killed during the Years of lead.

Ettore Pais

7 Ettore Pais was an ancient historian, Latin epigrapher, and an Italian politician.                 

Alberto Sordi

7 Alberto Sordi was an Italian actor, comedian, director, singer, and screenwriter.                   

Francesco Saverio Nitti

7 Francesco Saverio Vincenzo de Paola Nitti was an Italian economist and political figure. A member of the Italian Radical Party, Nitti served as Prime Minister of Italy between 1919 and 1920. An opponent of the fascist regime in Italy, he opposed any kind of dictatorship throughout his career. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia in "Theories of Overpopulation", Nitti was also a staunch critic of English economist Thomas Robert Malthus and his Principle of Population; Nitti wrote Population and the Social System (1894). He was an important meridionalist and studied the origins of Southern Italian problems that arose after Italian unification.

Jacopo Linussio

7 Jacopo Linussio è stato un imprenditore italiano.                                                   

Luigi Faidutti

7 Luigi Faidutti è stato un presbitero e politico austriaco di etnia friulana.                       

Teresa Noce

7 Teresa Noce was an Italian labor leader, activist, journalist and feminist. She served as a parliamentary deputy and advocated broad social legislation benefiting mothers.

Oriana Fallaci

7 Oriana Fallaci was an Italian journalist and author. A member of the Italian resistance movement during World War II, she had a long and successful journalistic career. Fallaci became famous worldwide for her coverage of war and revolution, and her "long, aggressive and revealing interviews" with many world leaders during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.

Angelo Brofferio

7 Angelo Brofferio was a Piedmontese and Italian poet and politician, active during the period of Italian unification.

Francesco Cocco-Ortu

7 Francesco Cocco-Ortu è stato un politico italiano, deputato del Regno.                             

Luxorius (saint)

7 Luxurius or Luxorius was an ancient Roman official on Sardinia in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. Apparitor to Delphius, the praeses or governor of the island, he was converted to Christianity by reading the Psalms. He possibly was beheaded on 21 August for refusing to sacrifice to idols in the city of Forum Traiani, probably in 304 during the fourth of Diocletian's persecutions. Later he was venerated as a martyr and saint by the Roman Catholic Church.

Mario Sironi

7 Mario Sironi was an Italian Modernist artist who was active as a painter, sculptor, illustrator, and designer. His typically somber paintings are characterized by massive, immobile forms.

Alberto Moravia

7 Alberto Pincherle, known by his pseudonym Alberto Moravia, was an Italian novelist and journalist. His novels explored matters of modern sexuality, social alienation and existentialism. Moravia is best known for his debut novel Gli indifferenti and for the anti-fascist novel Il conformista, the basis for the film The Conformist (1970) directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. Other novels of his adapted for the cinema are Agostino, filmed with the same title by Mauro Bolognini in 1962; Il disprezzo, filmed by Jean-Luc Godard as Le Mépris ; La noia (Boredom), filmed with that title by Damiano Damiani in 1963 and released in the US as The Empty Canvas in 1964 and La ciociara, filmed by Vittorio De Sica as Two Women (1960). Cédric Kahn's L'Ennui (1998) is another version of La noia.

Francesco Manno

7 Francesco Manno was an Italian painter and architect of the Neoclassical style.                     

Emilio Segrè

7 Emilio Gino Segrè was an Italian and naturalized-American physicist and Nobel laureate, who discovered the elements technetium and astatine, and the antiproton, a subatomic antiparticle, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1959 along with Owen Chamberlain.

Elio Monari

7 Elio Monari nome di battaglia "don Luigi" è stato un presbitero e partigiano italiano, Medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria.

Cosmè Tura

7 Cosmê Tura, also known as Il Cosmè or Cosimo Tura, was an Italian early-Renaissance painter and considered one of the founders of the School of Ferrara.

Marisa Bellisario

7 Maria Isabella Bellisario, detta Marisa, è stata una dirigente d'azienda italiana. È ricordata per le sue doti manageriali e per i suoi interventi decisivi nella ristrutturazione di Olivetti Corporation of America e Italtel.

Girolamo Michelangelo Grigoletti

6 Girolamo Michelangelo Grigoletti was an Italian painter, active in a Neoclassical style. He was also a professor at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia.

Paolo Tosti

6 Sir Francesco Paolo Tosti KCVO was an Italian composer and music teacher.                           

Errico Petrella

6 Errico Petrella was an Italian opera composer.                                                     

Gabriello Chiabrera

6 Gabriello Chiabrera was an Italian poet, sometimes called the Italian Pindar. His "new metres and a Hellenic style enlarged the range of lyric forms available to later Italian poets."

Antonio da Correggio

6 Antonio Allegri da Correggio, usually known as just Correggio was an Italian Renaissance painter who was the foremost painter of the Parma school of the High Italian Renaissance, who was responsible for some of the most vigorous and sensuous works of the sixteenth century. In his use of dynamic composition, illusionistic perspective and dramatic foreshortening, Correggio prefigured the Baroque art of the seventeenth century and the Rococo art of the eighteenth century. He is considered a master of chiaroscuro.

Justinian I

6 Justinian I, also known as Justinian the Great, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565.     

Thomas Aquinas

6 Thomas Aquinas was an Italian Dominican friar and priest, an influential philosopher and theologian, and a jurist in the tradition of scholasticism from the county of Aquino in the Kingdom of Sicily.

Pietro Paleocapa

6 Pietro Paleòcapa was an Italian scientist, politician and engineer.                                 

Ruggero Bonghi

6 Ruggero Bonghi was an Italian scholar, writer and politician.                                       

Francesco Guardi

6 Francesco Lazzaro Guardi was an Italian painter, nobleman, and a member of the Venetian School. He is considered to be among the last practitioners, along with his brothers, of the classic Venetian school of painting.

Carlo Montanari

6 Il Conte Carlo Montanari è stato un patriota italiano. Fu uno dei martiri di Belfiore.             

Raffaele Rossetti

6 Raffaele Rossetti was an Italian engineer and military naval officer who sank the once main battleship of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I. He was also a politician of the Italian Republican Party.

Paolo Ferrari

6 Paolo Ferrari may refer to:Paolo Ferrari (actor) (1929–2018), Italian actor Paolo Ferrari (writer) (1822–1889), Italian dramatist

Michele Coppino

6 Michele Coppino was an Italian professor and politician.                                           

Marcantonio Colonna

6 Marcantonio II Colonna, Duke of Tagliacozzo and Duke and Prince of Paliano, was a Roman aristocrat who served as Viceroy of Sicily in the service of the Spanish Crown, general of the Spanish forces, and Captain General of the Church. He is best remembered for his part as the admiral of the Papal fleet in the Battle of Lepanto. He was "one of the most illustrious land and sea captains of the 16th century".

Andrea Cesalpino

6 Andrea Cesalpino was a Florentine physician, philosopher and botanist.                             

Paolo Bentivoglio

6 Paolo Bentivoglio è stato un politico, antifascista e attivista italiano.                           

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

6 Frederick II was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225. He was the son of emperor Henry VI of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and Queen Constance of Sicily of the Hauteville dynasty.

Anton Domenico Gabbiani

6 Anton Domenico Gabbiani was an Italian painter and active in a late Baroque style. He worked primarily in Florence for the Medici court.

Galeazzo Alessi

6 Galeazzo Alessi was an Italian architect from Perugia, known throughout Europe for his distinctive style based on his enthusiasm for ancient architecture. He studied drawing for civil and military architecture under the direction of Giovanni Battista Caporali.

Geremia Bonomelli

6 Geremia Bonomelli (1831–1914) was the bishop of the diocese of Cremona in the late years of the 19th century and first years of the 20th century. Bonomelli is still remembered for his work in support of Italian emigrants.

Spartaco Lavagnini

6 Spartaco Lavagnini was an Italian communist syndicalist and activist.                               

Simon the Zealot

6 Simon the Zealot or Simon the Canaanite or Simon the Canaanean was one of the most obscure among the apostles of Jesus. A few pseudepigraphical writings were connected to him, but Jerome does not include him in De viris illustribus written between 392 and 393 AD.

Alessandro Rossi

6 Alessandro Rossi may refer to:Alessandro Rossi (1555–1615), Italian Roman Catholic bishop Alessandro Rossi (1589–1656), Italian Roman Catholic bishop Alessandro Rossi (1819–1898), Italian industrialist of Schio, Veneto Alessandro Rossi, Captain Regent-elect of San Marino, and former Captain Regent (2007) Alessandro Rossi (footballer), Italian footballer

Atto Vannucci

6 Atto Vannucci è stato uno storico, patriota e presbitero italiano, protagonista dei moti toscani del 1848.

Ermete Zacconi

6 Ermete Zacconi was an Italian stage and film actor and a representative of naturalism and verism in acting. His leading ladies on stage were his wife Ines Cristina and Paola Pezzaglia.

Angelo Masini

6 Angelo Masini è stato un tenore italiano.                                                           

Luigi Guanella

6 Luigi Guanella was an Italian Roman Catholic priest. He was ordained a priest on May 26, 1866 in Como, and was assigned to a small parish in Savogno. Luigi is the founder of several religious institutes: the Daughters of Saint Mary of Providence (1890) and the Servants of Charity alongside his friends David Albertario and Giuseppe Toniolo. Guanella also founded the Pious Union of Saint Joseph (1914) with his supporter and first member Pope Pius X. These religious communities focused on the relief of the poor throughout the world. The Servants of Charity motto reads "In Omnibus Charitas", which became the cornerstone for Guanella's own life.

Francesco Tamagno

6 Francesco Tamagno was an Italian operatic dramatic tenor who sang with enormous success throughout Europe and America. On 5 February 1887, he sang Otello in the first performance of Giuseppe Verdi's opera. He is also the earliest Italian tenor of note to have left a sizeable body of recordings of his voice. He was one of the first international male public figures to admit that he was the single parent and caregiver of a daughter from her birth.

Tiziano Tessitori

6 Tiziano Tessitori è stato un politico italiano, ministro e sottosegretario di vari governi.         

Giacomo Venezian

6 Giacomo Venezian è stato un patriota e giurista italiano.                                           

Fernando de Rosa

6 Fernando De Rosa was an Italian student who attempted to assassinate Umberto Prince of Piedmont, later Umberto II of Italy in Brussels on 24 October 1929. De Rosa was born in Milan and studied law in Turin before fleeing Italy for France in order to avoid imprisonment for his political views. He remained in Paris for about a year, studying law at the University of Paris and writing for an anti-fascist journal.

Nullo Baldini

6 Nullo Baldini è stato un politico e sindacalista italiano.                                         

Coluccio Salutati

6 Coluccio Salutati was an Italian Renaissance humanist and notary, and one of the most important political and cultural leaders of Renaissance Florence; as chancellor of the Florentine Republic and its most prominent voice, he was effectively the permanent secretary of state in the generation before the rise of the powerful Medici family.

Raffaele Cadorna

6 Raffaele Cadorna was an Italian general who served as one of the major Piedmontese leaders responsible for the unification of Italy during the mid-19th century.

Domenico Modugno

6 Domenico Modugno was an Italian singer, actor and, later in life, a member of the Italian Parliament. He is known for his 1958 international hit song "Nel blu dipinto di blu", for which he received the first Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. He is considered the first Italian cantautore.

Rocco Scotellaro

6 Rocco Scotellaro was an Italian poet, writer and politician.                                       

Stanislao Cannizzaro

6 Stanislao Cannizzaro was an Italian chemist. He is famous for the Cannizzaro reaction and for his influential role in the atomic-weight deliberations of the Karlsruhe Congress in 1860.

Luigi, Count Cibrario

6 Luigi, Count Cibrario was an Italian statesman and historian.                                       

Giovanni Marcora

6 Giovanni Marcora was an Italian businessman, politician and minister.                               

Maurizio Quadrio

6 Maurizio Quadrio è stato un patriota italiano.                                                     

Pope Marcellus I

6 Pope Marcellus I was the bishop of Rome from May or June 308 to his death. He succeeded Marcellinus after a considerable interval. Under Maxentius, he was banished from Rome in 309, on account of the tumult caused by the severity of the penances he had imposed on Christians who had lapsed under the recent persecution. He died the same year, being succeeded by Eusebius. His relics are under the altar of San Marcello al Corso in Rome. Since 1969 his feast day, traditionally kept on 16 January by the Catholic Church, is left to local calendars and is no longer inscribed in the General Roman Calendar.

Silvio Corbari

6 Sirio Corbari meglio conosciuto come Silvio Corbari è stato un partigiano italiano.                 

Aldo Spallicci

6 Aldo Spallicci è stato un medico, poeta e politico italiano, nonché cultore e promotore dell'identità e delle tradizioni popolari della Romagna.

Ernesto Rossi (politician)

6 Ernesto Rossi was an Italian politician, journalist, and anti-fascist activist. His ideas contributed to the Action Party, and subsequently the Radical Party. He was co-author of the Ventotene Manifesto. Born in Caserta, the not yet nineteen-years old Rossi voluntarily enlisted and fought in World War I. After the war, moved by opposition to the socialists' attitude of hostility towards war veterans and their sacrifices and by contempt of the incapable political class of bounding idealists, he approached the nationalists of Il Popolo d'Italia, a newspaper with which he collaborated from 1919 to 1922. During that time, Rossi met Gaetano Salvemini, a democratic left-interventionist with whom he formed a long-lasting bond of respect and friendship, and he moved definitively and radically further from the positions that were bringing to the Italian fascist ideology. Aged 69, he died in Rome in 1967.

Pietro Gori

6 Pietro Gori was an Italian lawyer, journalist, intellectual and anarchist poet. He is known for his political activities, and as author of some of the most famous anarchist songs of the late 19th century, including Addio a Lugano, Stornelli d'esilio, Ballata per Sante Caserio, Inno del Primo Maggio. In 1898 he immigrated to Argentina where he contributed to the development of the anarchists' influence in the labor movement, specifically in the Argentine Regional Workers' Federation.

Raffaele Paolucci

6 Raffaele Paolucci, conte di Valmaggiore, è stato un militare, politico, chirurgo e docente universitario italiano autore di oltre un centinaio di pubblicazioni a carattere scientifico, prodigatosi in oltre trentamila interventi chirurgici durante tutta la propria carriera.

Anna Kuliscioff

6 Anna Kuliscioff was a Russian-born Italian revolutionary, a prominent feminist, an anarchist influenced by Mikhail Bakunin, and eventually a Marxist socialist militant. She was mainly active in Italy, where she was one of the first women to graduate in medicine.

Alvise Cadamosto

6 Alvise Cadamosto (Portuguese pronunciation: [alˈvizɨ kɐðaˈmoʃtu]; Italian pronunciation: [alˈvize ˌkadaˈmosto])(c. 1432 – 16 July 1483) was a Venetian explorer and slave trader, who was hired by the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator and undertook two known journeys to West Africa in 1455 and 1456, accompanied by the Genoese captain Antoniotto Usodimare. Some have credited Cadamosto and his companions with the discovery of the Cape Verde Islands and the points along the Guinea coast from the Gambia River to the Geba River, the greatest leap in the Henrican discoveries since 1446. Cadamosto's accounts of his journeys, including his detailed observations of West African societies, have proven invaluable to historians.

Giambattista Bodoni

6 Giambattista Bodoni was an Italian typographer, type-designer, compositor, printer, and publisher in Parma.

Filippo Juvarra

6 Filippo Juvarra was an Italian architect, scenographer, engraver and goldsmith. He was active in a late-Baroque architecture style, working primarily in Italy, Spain, and Portugal.

Brunetto Latini

6 Brunetto Latini was an Italian philosopher, scholar, notary, politician and statesman.             

Giovanni Boldini

6 Giovanni Boldini was an Italian genre and portrait painter who lived and worked in Paris for most of his career. According to a 1933 article in Time magazine, he was known as the "Master of Swish" because of his flowing style of painting.

Silvio Spaventa

6 Silvio Spaventa was an Italian journalist, politician and statesman who played a leading role in the unification of Italy, and subsequently held important positions within the newly formed Italian state.

Berto Barbarani

6 Roberto Tiberio "Berto" Barbarani was an Italian poet. He wrote many poems in the Veronese dialect of Northern Italy.

Arcangelo Ghisleri

6 Arcangelo Ghisleri was an Italian geographer, writer, and Socialist politician.                   

Vincenzo Foppa

6 Vincenzo Foppa was an Italian painter from the Renaissance period. While few of his works survive, he was an esteemed and influential painter during his time and is considered the preeminent leader of the Early Lombard School. He spent his career working for the Sforza family, Dukes of Milan, in Pavia, as well as various other patrons throughout Lombardy and Liguria. He lived and worked in his native Brescia during his later years.

Ermagora e Fortunato

6 Ermagora, o Ermacora, e Fortunato furono i due protomartiri di Aquileia. Entrambi sono considerati santi da tutte le Chiese cristiane che ammettono il culto dei santi, particolarmente nelle zone dell'antico patriarcato di Aquileia.

Ferdinando Palasciano

6 Ferdinando Palasciano was an Italian physician and politician, considered one of the forerunners of the foundation of the Red Cross.

Joan of Arc

6 Joan of Arc is a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the siege of Orléans and her insistence on the coronation of Charles VII of France during the Hundred Years' War. Claiming to be acting under divine guidance, she became a military leader who transcended gender roles and gained recognition as a savior of France.

Luigi Garzoni di Adorgnano

6 Luigi Garzoni di Adorgnano è stato un compositore e filologo italiano.                             

Bertrand of Saint-Geniès

6 Bertrand of Saint-Geniès was the patriarch of Aquileia from 1334 until his death.                   

David Maria Turoldo

6 David Maria Turoldo, al secolo Giuseppe Turoldo, è stato un presbitero, teologo, filosofo, scrittore, poeta e antifascista italiano, membro dell'ordine dei Servi di Maria. È stato, oltre che poeta, figura profetica in ambito ecclesiale e civile, resistente sostenitore delle istanze di rinnovamento culturale e religioso, di ispirazione conciliare. È ritenuto da alcuni uno dei più rappresentativi esponenti di un cambiamento del cattolicesimo nella seconda metà del '900, il che gli ha valso il titolo di "coscienza inquieta della Chiesa".

Luigi Magrini

6 Luigi Magrini è stato un fisico italiano.                                                           

Lino Zanussi

6 Lino Zanussi was an Italian businessman and appliance manufacturer.                                 

Bartolomeo d'Alviano

6 Bartolomeo d'Alviano was an Italian condottiero and captain who distinguished himself in the defence of the Venetian Republic against the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian.

Giuseppe Brotzu

6 Giuseppe Brotzu was an Italian pharmacologist and politician.                                       

Antonio Pigliaru

6 Antonio Pigliaru was a Sardinian jurist and philosopher. He was the most important Sardinian intellectual of the second half of the twentieth century, and one of the most vivid contemporary Italian thinkers. He engaged with manifold themes, but he devoted special attention to the interpretation of the socio-economic problems of interior areas of Sardinia, which he discussed according to his own ethical and political views.

Albert Sabin

6 Albert Bruce Sabin was a Polish-American medical researcher, best known for developing the oral polio vaccine, which has played a key role in nearly eradicating the disease. In 1969–72, he served as the president of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel.

Gabriella Degli Esposti

6 Gabriella Degli Esposti è stata un'antifascista e partigiana italiana, nome di battaglia Balella, Medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria.

Maria Margotti

5 Maria Margotti è stata un'attivista e mondina italiana.                                             

Prince Eugene of Savoy

5 Prince Eugene Francis of Savoy-Carignano, better known as Prince Eugene, was a field marshal in the Army of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty during the 17th and 18th centuries. He was one of the most successful military commanders of his time, and rose to the highest offices of state at the Imperial court in Vienna.

Emilio De Marchi (writer)

5 Emilio De Marchi (1851–1901) was an Italian novelist, known for his portrayals of Milan and Lombardy in the nineteenth century. Several of his works have been adapted for film and television including two 1940s films Giacomo the Idealist and The Priest's Hat.

Marino Moretti

5 Marino Moretti was an Italian poet and author.                                                     

Maurizio Bufalini

5 Maurizio Bufalini was an Italian physician. He served in the Senate of the Kingdom of Sardinia. He was a recipient of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.

Ulisse Aldrovandi

5 Ulisse Aldrovandi was an Italian naturalist, the moving force behind Bologna's botanical garden, one of the first in Europe. Carl Linnaeus and the comte de Buffon reckoned him the father of natural history studies. He is usually referred to, especially in older scientific literature in Latin, as Aldrovandus; his name in Italian is equally given as Aldroandi.

Giuseppe Caprin

5 Giuseppe Caprin è stato uno scrittore italiano, giornalista e patriota, combatté con Giuseppe Garibaldi e fu ferito a Bezzecca (1866).

Torquato Taramelli

5 Torquato Taramelli was an Italian geologist.                                                       

Bernardino Galliari

5 Bernardino Galliari (1707–1794) was an Italian painter, active mainly as a scenic designer and decorator of theaters.

Guido Donegani

5 Guido Donegani, was a prominent Italian engineer, businessman and politician. He was CEO and President of the Italian chemical industrial giant Montecatini from 1910-1945. Due to his support to the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini he was arrested at the end of the Second World War, but acquitted of charges of collaboration.

Jules Verne

5 Jules Gabriel Verne was a French novelist, poet, and playwright. His collaboration with the publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel led to the creation of the Voyages extraordinaires, a series of bestselling adventure novels including Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas (1870), and Around the World in Eighty Days (1872). His novels, always well documented, are generally set in the second half of the 19th century, taking into account the technological advances of the time.

Andrea Bafile

5 Andrea Bafile è stato un militare italiano.                                                         

Gino Capponi

5 Marquis Gino Capponi was an Italian statesman and historian of a Liberal Catholic bent.             

Antonio Salandra

5 Antonio Salandra was a conservative Italian politician, journalist, and writer, who served as the 21st prime minister of Italy between 1914 and 1916. He ensured the entry of Italy in World War I on the side of the Triple Entente to fulfil Italy’s irredentist claims.

Giovanni Battista Grassi

5 Giovanni Battista Grassi was an Italian physician and zoologist, best known for his pioneering works on parasitology, especially on malariology. He was Professor of Comparative Zoology at the University of Catania from 1883, and Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Sapienza University of Rome from 1895 until his death. His first major research on the taxonomy and biology of termites earned him the Royal Society's Darwin Medal in 1896.

Benedetto Varchi

5 Benedetto Varchi was an Italian humanist, historian, and poet.                                     

Lauro Rossi

5 Lauro Rossi, was an Italian composer, particularly of operas. There is no known connection with Luigi Rossi (1597–1653).

Pasquale Stanislao Mancini

5 Pasquale Stanislao Mancini, 8th Marquess of Fusignano was an Italian jurist and statesman.         

Achille Papa

5 Achille Papa è stato un generale italiano.                                                         

Lorenzo Mascheroni

5 Lorenzo Mascheroni was an Italian mathematician.                                                   

Mario Pannunzio

5 Mario Pannunzio was an Italian journalist and politician. As a journalist he was the director in charge of the daily newspaper Risorgimento Liberale in the 1940s and of the weekly political magazine Il Mondo in the 1950s. As a politician he was a co-founder of the revived Italian Liberal Party in the 1940s and then of the Radical Party in 1955.

Pope Pius XI

5 Pope Pius XI, born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was the Bishop of Rome and supreme pontiff of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to 10 February 1939. He also became the first sovereign of the Vatican City State upon its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929. He remained head of the Catholic Church until his death in February 1939. His papal motto was "Pax Christi in Regno Christi", translated as "The Peace of Christ in the Reign of Christ".

Alessandro Coppi

5 Alessandro Coppi è stato un avvocato e politico italiano.                                           

Anton Giulio Barrili

5 Anton Giulio Barrili was an Italian novelist. He was educated for the legal profession, which he abandoned in Genoa for journalism. He was a volunteer in the campaign of 1859 and served with Garibaldi in 1866 and 1867. From 1865 onwards he published a large number of books of fiction, which had wide popularity, his work being commonly compared with that of Victor Cherbuliez.

Ferdinando Martini

5 Ferdinando Martini was an Italian writer and politician. He was governor of Eritrea for from late 1897 to early 1907.

Antonio Andreuzzi

5 Antonio Andreuzzi è stato un patriota italiano.                                                     

Antonio Bertoloni

5 Antonio Bertoloni was an Italian physician and botanist who made extensive studies of Italian plants. He also collected notable samples of Central American flora.

Alessandro Cruto

5 Alessandro Cruto was an Italian inventor, born in the town of Piossasco, near Turin, who created an early incandescent light bulb.

Angelo Emo

5 Angelo Emo was a Venetian noble, administrator, and admiral. He is notable for his reforms of the Venetian navy and his naval campaigns, being regarded as the last great admiral of the Venetian Republic.

Philip the Apostle

5 Philip the Apostle was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Later Christian traditions describe Philip as the apostle who preached in Greece, Syria, and Asia-Minor.

Prince Tommaso, Duke of Genoa

5 Prince Tommaso of Savoy, 2nd Duke of Genoa, who is also known as Thomas Albert Victor of Savoy, was an Italian royal prince, nephew of Victor Emmanuel at the time the King of Sardinia, who on 18 February 1861 became the first King of a united Italy. His cousin and brother-in-law Umberto I and his nephew Victor Emmanuel III became subsequent kings of Italy.

Marcus Atilius Regulus (consul 267 BC)

5 Marcus Atilius Regulus was a Roman statesman and general who was a consul of the Roman Republic in 267 BC and 256 BC. Much of his career was spent fighting the Carthaginians during the first Punic War. In 256 BC, he and Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus defeated the Carthaginians at the naval battle off Cape Ecnomus; afterwards he led the Roman expedition to Africa but was defeated at the Bagradas River in spring of 255 BC. He was captured and then probably died of natural causes.

Francesco Albani

5 Francesco Albani or Albano was an Italian Baroque painter of Albanian origin who was active in Bologna (1591–1600), Rome (1600–1609), Bologna (1609), Viterbo (1609–1610), Bologna (1610), Rome (1610–1617), Bologna (1618–1660), Mantova (1621–1622), Roma (1623–1625) and Florence (1633).

Franklin D. Roosevelt

5 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. He was a member of the Democratic Party and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. His initial two terms were centered on combating the Great Depression, while his third and fourth saw him shift his focus to America's involvement in World War II.

Felice Casorati

5 Felice Casorati was an Italian painter, sculptor, and printmaker. The paintings for which he is most noted include figure compositions, portraits and still lifes, which are often distinguished by unusual perspective effects.

Pellegrino Rossi

5 Pellegrino Luigi Odoardo Rossi was an Italian economist, politician and jurist. He was an important figure of the July Monarchy in France, and the minister of justice in the government of the Papal States, under Pope Pius IX.

John of Nepomuk

5 John of Nepomuk was a saint of Bohemia who was drowned in the Vltava river at the behest of King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. Later accounts state that he was the confessor of the queen of Bohemia and refused to divulge the secrets of the confessional. On the basis of this account, John of Nepomuk is considered the first martyr of the Seal of the Confessional, a patron against calumnies and, because of the manner of his death, a protector from floods and drowning.

Giuseppe Montanelli

5 Giuseppe Montanelli was an Italian statesman and author.                                           

Vincenzo Viviani

5 Vincenzo Viviani was an Italian mathematician and scientist. He was a pupil of Torricelli and a disciple of Galileo.

Giovanni Pacini

5 Giovanni Pacini was an Italian composer, best known for his operas. Pacini was born in Catania, Sicily, the son of the buffo Luigi Pacini, who was to appear in the premieres of many of Giovanni's operas. The family was of Tuscan origin, living in Catania when the composer was born.

Luca Pacioli

5 Fra. Luca Bartolomeo de Pacioli was an Italian mathematician, Franciscan friar, collaborator with Leonardo da Vinci, and an early contributor to the field now known as accounting. He is referred to as the father of accounting and bookkeeping and he was the first person to publish a work on the double-entry system of book-keeping on the continent. He was also called Luca di Borgo after his birthplace, Borgo Sansepolcro, Tuscany.

Luigi Alamanni

5 Luigi Alamanni was an Italian poet and statesman. He was regarded as a prolific and versatile poet. He was credited with introducing the epigram into Italian poetry.

Frédéric Ozanam

5 Antoine-Frédéric Ozanam was a French Catholic literary scholar, lawyer, journalist and equal rights advocate. He founded with fellow students the Conference of Charity, later known as the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris in 1997. His feast day is 9 September.

Stendhal

5 Marie-Henri Beyle, better known by his pen name Stendhal, was a 19th-century French writer. Best known for the novels Le Rouge et le Noir and La Chartreuse de Parme, he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters' psychology and considered one of the early and foremost practitioners of realism. A self-proclaimed egotist, he coined the same characteristic in his characters' "Beylism".

Paolo Frisi

5 Paolo Frisi was an Italian mathematician and astronomer.                                           

Ermete Novelli

5 Ermete Novelli was an Italian actor and playwright.                                                 

Dino Campana

5 Dino Campana was an Italian visionary poet. His fame rests on his only published book of poetry, the Canti Orfici, as well as his wild and erratic personality, including his ill-fated love affair with Sibilla Aleramo. He is often seen as an Italian example of a poète maudit.

Francesco Todaro

5 Francesco Todaro was an Italian anatomist born in Tripi, a village in the province of Messina.     

Quirico Filopanti

5 Giuseppe Barilli, also known by his pseudonym Quirico Filopanti, was an Italian mathematician and politician.

Antonio Fontanesi

5 Antonio Fontanesi was an Italian painter who lived in Meiji period Japan between 1876 and 1878. He introduced European oil painting techniques to Japan, and exerted a significant role in the development of modern Japanese yōga painting. He is known for his works in the romantic style of the French Barbizon school.

Benozzo Gozzoli

5 Benozzo Gozzoli was an Italian Renaissance painter from Florence. A pupil of Fra Angelico, Gozzoli is best known for a series of murals in the Magi Chapel of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, depicting festive, vibrant processions with fine attention to detail and a pronounced International Gothic influence. The chapel's fresco cycle reveals a new Renaissance interest in nature with its realistic depiction of landscapes and vivid human portraits. Gozzoli is considered one of the most prolific fresco painters of his generation. While he was mainly active in Tuscany, he also worked in Umbria and Rome.

Pasquale Villari

5 Pasquale Villari was an Italian historian and politician.                                           

Giuseppe Bandi

5 Giuseppe Bandi è stato un patriota, scrittore e giornalista italiano.                               

Carolus Sigonius

5 Carolus Sigonius was an Italian humanist, born in Modena.                                           

Luca Ghini

5 Luca Ghini was an Italian physician and botanist, notable as the creator of the first recorded herbarium, as well as the first botanical garden in Europe.

Alfredo Testoni

5 Alfredo Testoni (1856–1931) was an Italian playwright and poet known for his work in the Bolognese dialect. In 1888 he established his own company at the Teatro Contavalli in Bologna. Amongst his best known plays is Cardinal Lambertini, a 1905 work set in eighteenth century Bologna. A number of his works have been adapted for film and television.

Pope Marcellinus

5 Pope Marcellinus was the bishop of Rome from 30 June 296 to his death in 304. A historical accusation was levelled at him by some sources to the effect that he might have renounced Christianity during Emperor Diocletian's persecution of Christians before repenting afterwards, which would explain why he is omitted from lists of martyrs. The accusation is rejected, among others, by Augustine of Hippo. He is today venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and in the Serbian Orthodox Church.

Francesco Paolo Michetti

5 Francesco Paolo Michetti was an Italian painter known especially for his genre works.               

Theodore Tiron

5 Saint Theodore, distinguished as Theodore of Amasea, Theodore the Recruit, and by other names, is a Christian saint and Great Martyr, particularly revered in the Eastern Orthodox Churches but also honored in Roman Catholicism and Oriental Orthodoxy. According to legend, he was a legionary in the Roman army who suffered martyrdom by immolation at Amasea in Galatian Pontus during the Great Persecution under Diocletian in the early 4th century. Venerated by the late 4th century, he became a prominent warrior saint during the Middle Ages, attracted a great deal of additional legends including accounts of battle against dragons, and was often confused with the similar Theodore Stratelates of Heraclea.

Arturo Graf

5 Arturo Graf, was an Italian poet and literary critic.                                               

Emilio Estevez

5 Emilio Estevez is an American actor and filmmaker.                                                 

Edoardo Bassini

5 Edoardo Bassini was an Italian surgeon born in Pavia.                                               

Giovanni Antonio Pilacorte

5 Giovanni Antonio Pilacorte è stato uno scultore italiano di origine ticinese.                       

Mario Angeloni

5 Mario Angeloni è stato un politico, antifascista e avvocato italiano che combatté nella guerra civile spagnola, perdendovi la vita.

Adeodato Malatesta

5 Adeodato Malatesta was an Italian painter, trained in a grand Neoclassical style, depicting mostly of sacred and historic subjects.

Maximus of Turin

5 Maximus of Turin was a Roman Christian prelate known as the first Bishop of Turin. He was a theological writer who "made a great contribution to the spread and consolidation of Christianity in Northern Italy".

Antonio Bajamonti

5 Antonio Bajamonti was an Austrian and Dalmatian Italian politician and longtime mayor of Split. He is remembered as one of the most successful mayors of the city, occupying the post almost continuously for twenty years (1860–1880). He was a medical doctor by profession. Bajamonti's parents were Giuseppe Bajamonti and Elena Candido of Šibenik.

John Hawkwood

5 Sir John Hawkwood was an English soldier who served as a mercenary leader or condottiero in Italy. As his name was difficult to pronounce for non-English-speaking contemporaries, there are many variations of it in the historical record. He often referred to himself as Haukevvod and in Italy, he was known as Giovanni Acuto, literally meaning "John Sharp" in reference to his "cleverness or cunning". His name was Latinised as Johannes Acutus. Other recorded forms are Aucgunctur, Haughd, Hauvod, Hankelvode, Augudh, Auchevud, Haukwode and Haucod. His exploits made him a man shrouded in myth in both England and Italy. Much of his enduring fame results from the surviving large and prominent fresco portrait of him in the Duomo, Florence, made in 1436 by Paolo Uccello, seen every year by 4½ million tourists.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti

5 Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti, generally known as Dante Gabriel Rossetti, was an English poet, illustrator, painter, translator, and member of the Rossetti family. He founded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in 1848 with William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais. Rossetti inspired the next generation of artists and writers, William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones in particular. His work also influenced the European Symbolists and was a major precursor of the Aesthetic movement.

Juliana of Nicomedia

5 Juliana of Nicomedia is an Anatolian Christian saint, said to have suffered martyrdom during the Diocletianic persecution in 304. She was popular as a patron saint of the sick during the Middle Ages, especially in the Netherlands.

Gian Rinaldo Carli

5 Gian Rinaldo Carli (1720–1795), also known by other names, was an Italian economist, historian, and antiquarian.

Bernardino Lanini

5 Bernardino Lanini or Lanino was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active mainly in Milan.

Vitaliano Brancati

5 Vitaliano Brancati was an Italian novelist, dramatist, poet and screenwriter.                       

Eugenio Chiesa

5 Eugenio Chiesa was an Italian accountant who found a job with a toy factory. He worked his way up through the ranks and, when the opportunity arose, acquired the business and became very rich. By that time he had also entered politics. As a young man he had been greatly influenced by the writings of Mazzini: he remained a committed Risorgimento-republican throughout his life. His long political career was also marked by several high-profile anti-corruption campaigns. Between 1904 and 1926 he served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies. After 1922 he emerged as an uncompromising opponent of Fascism. In June 1924 he was among the first members of parliament openly to accuse Mussolini in connection with the (presumed) murder of Matteotti a couple of weeks earlier. Eugenio Chiesa ended his life in exile.

Giuseppe Piermarini

5 Giuseppe Piermarini was an Italian architect who trained with Luigi Vanvitelli in Naples and designed the Teatro alla Scala in Milan (1776–78), which remains the work by which he is remembered. Indeed, il Piermarini serves as an occasional journalistic synonym for the celebrated opera house. Piermarini was appointed professor in the Academy of Fine Arts of Brera, better known as Brera Academy, Milan, when it was formally founded in 1776.

Renata Viganò

5 Renata Viganò (1900–1976) was an Italian writer best known for her neo-realist novel L'Agnese va a morire, published in 1949. She was an active participant in the Italian Resistance movement during World War II and included fictionalized accounts of her experiences as a partisan in her written work.

Ubaldo Comandini

5 Ubaldo Comandini was an Italian lawyer, publicist and politician, several times a parliamentary deputy and minister for the Italian Republican Party.

Alberto Ascari

5 Alberto Ascari was an Italian racing driver and a two-time Formula One World Champion. Noted for careful precision and finely-judged accuracy, Ascari was a multitalented racer who competed in motorcycle racing before switching to cars. He won consecutive Formula One world titles in 1952 and 1953 for Scuderia Ferrari, being the team's first World Champion, and the last Italian to win the title as of 2024. This was sandwiched by an appearance in the 1952 Indianapolis 500, and winning the 1954 Mille Miglia.

Carlo Urbani

5 Carlo Urbani was an Italian physician and microbiologist and the first to identify severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as probably a new and dangerously contagious viral disease, and his early warning to the World Health Organization (WHO) triggered a swift and global response credited with saving numerous lives. Shortly afterwards, he himself became infected and died.

Carlo Emilio Gadda

5 Carlo Emilio Gadda was an Italian writer and poet. He belongs to the tradition of the language innovators, writers who played with the somewhat stiff standard pre-war Italian language, and added elements of dialects, technical jargon and wordplay.

Carlo Cafiero

5 Carlo Cafiero was an Italian anarchist that led the Italian section of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA). An early leader of the Marxist and anarchist communist movements in Italy, he was a key influence in the development of both currents.

Pasquale Galluppi

5 Pasquale Galluppi was an Italian philosopher.                                                       

Ezio Tarantelli

5 Ezio Tarantelli è stato un economista italiano, ucciso dalle Brigate Rosse in seguito ad un attentato.

Henry Morselli

5 Enrico "Henry" Agostino Morselli was an Italian physician and psychical researcher.                 

Charles III, Duke of Bourbon

5 Charles III, Duke of Bourbon was a French military leader, the count of Montpensier, Clermont and Auvergne, and dauphin of Auvergne from 1501 to 1523, then duke of Bourbon and Auvergne, count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, Forez and La Marche, and lord of Beaujeu from 1505 to 1521. He was also the constable of France from 1515 to 1521. Also known as the Constable of Bourbon, he was the last of the great feudal lords to oppose the king of France. He commanded the troops of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in what became known as the Sack of Rome in 1527, where he was killed.

Dino Compagni

5 Dino Compagni was an Italian historical writer and political figure.                               

Domenico Cirillo

5 Domenico Maria Leone Cirillo was an Italian physician, entomologist, botanist and patriot of the Neapolitan Republic of 1799.

Gabrio Casati

5 Gabrio Casati was an Italian politician who served as the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 28 July to 15 August 1848.

Ottone Rosai

5 Ottone Rosai was an Italian painter born in Florence, Italy.                                       

Curzio Malaparte

5 Curzio Malaparte, born Kurt Erich Suckert, was an Italian writer, filmmaker, war correspondent and diplomat. Malaparte is best known outside Italy due to his works Kaputt (1944) and The Skin (1949). The former is a semi-fictionalised account of the Eastern Front during the Second World War and the latter is an account focusing on morality in the immediate post-war period of Naples.

Angelo Secchi

5 Angelo Secchi was an Italian Catholic priest, astronomer from the Italian region of Emilia. He was director of the observatory at the Pontifical Gregorian University for 28 years. He was a pioneer in astronomical spectroscopy, and was one of the first scientists to state authoritatively that the Sun is a star.

Leopoldo Gasparotto

5 Leopoldo Gasparotto, better known as Poldo Gasparotto was an Italian mountaineer and Resistance leader during World War II.

Domenico Ricci

5 Domenico Ricci è stato un carabiniere italiano, appuntato dell'Arma dei Carabinieri, insignito di Medaglia d'oro al valor civile alla memoria; fu ucciso nell'agguato di via Fani a Roma in occasione del rapimento di Aldo Moro insieme ad altri quattro agenti della scorta.

Enrico Cosenz

5 Enrico Cosenz was an Italian soldier born at Gaeta.                                                 

Nicolo Tartaglia

5 Nicolo, known as Tartaglia, was an Italian mathematician, engineer, a surveyor and a bookkeeper from the then Republic of Venice. He published many books, including the first Italian translations of Archimedes and Euclid, and an acclaimed compilation of mathematics. Tartaglia was the first to apply mathematics to the investigation of the paths of cannonballs, known as ballistics, in his Nova Scientia ; his work was later partially validated and partially superseded by Galileo's studies on falling bodies. He also published a treatise on retrieving sunken ships.

Boethius

5 Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly known simply as Boethius, was a Roman senator, consul, magister officiorum, polymath, historian, and philosopher of the Early Middle Ages. He was a central figure in the translation of the Greek classics into Latin, a precursor to the Scholastic movement, and, along with Cassiodorus, one of the two leading Christian scholars of the 6th century. The local cult of Boethius in the Diocese of Pavia was sanctioned by the Sacred Congregation of Rites in 1883, confirming the diocese's custom of honouring him on the 23 October.

Giovanni Bertacchi

5 Giovanni Bertacchi was a poet, teacher and Italian literary critic.                                 

Gaius Duilius

5 Gaius Duilius was a Roman general and statesman. As consul in 260 BC, during the First Punic War, he won Rome's first ever victory at sea by defeating the Carthaginians at the Battle of Mylae. He later served as censor in 258, and was appointed dictator to hold elections in 231, but never held another command.

Elio Morpurgo

5 Elio Morpurgo was an Italian politician, member of the Italian Senate and of the Chamber of Deputies, and mayor of Udine.

L. L. Zamenhof

5 L. L. Zamenhof was the creator of Esperanto, the most widely used constructed international auxiliary language.

Francis Bacon

5 Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban PC, known as Lord Verulam between 1618 and 1621, was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England under King James I. Bacon led the advancement of both natural philosophy and the scientific method, and his works remained influential even in the late stages of the Scientific Revolution.

Raimondo Franchetti

5 Baron Raimondo Franchetti has been the name of more than one Italian Baron, of the noble Franchetti family. The Franchettis were an Italian Jewish family who, from the 18th century onwards, were one of the wealthiest families in the Mediterranean. They were originally a Mantuan family. The most famous member of the family named Baron Raimondo Franchetti lived from 1889 until his death in an airplane crash in Cairo in 1935 with a group of Italians, including Luigi Razza, minister of public works in the cabinet of Benito Mussolini.

Giovanni Ruffini

5 Giovanni Ruffini was an Italian writer and patriot of the early 19th century. He is chiefly known for having written the draft of the libretto of the opera Don Pasquale for its composer Gaetano Donizetti.

Roberto Bracco

5 Roberto Bracco (1861–1943) was an Italian playwright, screenwriter and journalist. A number of his plays were turned into films, and he worked on the scripts of several of them including the 1914 silent Lost in the Dark. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature six times.

Giannina Milli

5 Giannina Milli, all'anagrafe Giovanna Milli, è stata una scrittrice, poetessa e educatrice italiana.

Giovanni Fantoni

5 Giovanni Fantoni (1755—1807) was an Italian poet.                                                   

Luigi Rossi

5 Luigi Rossi was an Italian Baroque composer. Born in Torremaggiore, a small town near Foggia, in the ancient kingdom of Naples, at an early age he went to Naples where he studied music with the Franco-Flemish composer Jean de Macque, organist of the Santa Casa dell’Annunziata and maestro di cappella to the Spanish viceroy. Rossi later entered the service of the Caetani, dukes of Traetta.

Davide Albertario

5 Davide Albertario è stato un presbitero e giornalista italiano, direttore dell'«Osservatore Cattolico», giornale che univa posizioni intransigenti in materia di fede e di rapporto tra la Chiesa e lo Stato italiano, con posizioni aperte alle nuove istanze sociali.

Eugenio Colorni

5 Eugenio Colorni was an Italian philosopher and anti-fascist activist.                               

Teresio Olivelli

5 Teresio Olivelli was an Italian Roman Catholic soldier during World War II and part of the Italian Resistance movement to Fascism and the Nazi regime. Olivelli graduated in law in Pavia in 1938 and went on to comment in papers on the legal and social issues of the time before he became a volunteer fighter for the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War and in World War II with a notable campaign fought in Russia. The war soured his views towards the Italian fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and his time in the resistance was marked with articles in a newspaper he founded dedicated to promoting the Christian message and attempting to improve upon aspects of fascism with a more Christian message.

Jacopone da Todi

5 Jacopone da Todi, O.F.M. was an Italian Franciscan friar from Umbria. He wrote several laude in the local vernacular. He was an early pioneer in Italian theatre, being one of the earliest scholars who dramatised Gospel subjects.

Giuseppe Frua

5 Giuseppe Frua è stato un imprenditore italiano dell'industria tessile.                             

Maria Callas

5 Maria Callas was an American-born Greek soprano who was one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century. Many critics praised her bel canto technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations. Her repertoire ranged from classical opera seria to the bel canto operas of Donizetti, Bellini, and Rossini, and further to the works of Verdi and Puccini, and in her early career to the music dramas of Wagner. Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as La Divina.

Nicola Calipari

5 Nicola Calipari was an Italian major general and SISMI military intelligence officer. Calipari was accidentally killed by American soldiers while escorting a recently released Italian hostage, journalist Giuliana Sgrena, to Baghdad International Airport.

Emilio Longoni

5 Emilio Longoni was an Italian painter.                                                             

Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy

5 Amadeus VII, known as the Red Count, was Count of Savoy from 1383 to 1391.                         

Federico Rosazza

5 Federico Rosazza Pistolet è stato un politico italiano, famoso per avere realizzato numerose opere a favore della popolazione della Valle Cervo.

Filippo Lippi

5 Filippo Lippi, also known as Lippo Lippi, was an Italian painter of the Quattrocento and a Carmelite priest. He was an early Renaissance master of a painting workshop, who taught many painters. Sandro Botticelli and Francesco di Pesello were among his most distinguished pupils. His son, Filippino Lippi, also studied under him and assisted in some late works.

Adolfo Consolini

5 Adolfo Consolini was an Italian discus thrower. He competed at the 1948, 1952, 1956 and 1960 Olympics and finished in 1st, 2nd, 6th and 17 place, respectively. While winning the gold medal in 1948 he set an Olympic record at 52.78 m. Consolini won three European titles, in 1946, 1950 and 1954, and 15 national titles.

Luigi Nono

5 Luigi Nono was an Italian avant-garde composer of classical music.                                 

Genesius of Rome

5 Genesius of Rome is a legendary Christian saint, once a comedian and actor who had performed in plays that mocked Christianity. According to legend, while performing in a play that made fun of baptism, he had an experience on stage that converted him. He proclaimed his new belief, and he steadfastly refused to renounce it, even when the emperor Diocletian ordered him to do so.

Alda Merini

5 Alda Merini was an Italian writer and poet. Her work earned the attention and admiration of other Italian writers, such as Giorgio Manganelli, Salvatore Quasimodo, and Pier Paolo Pasolini.

Jacopo Stellini

5 Jacopo Stellini was an Italian abbot, polymath writer and philosopher.                             

Antonio Smareglia

5 Antonio Smareglia was an Italian opera composer.                                                   

Pelagia

5 Pelagia, distinguished as Pelagia of Antioch, Pelagia the Penitent, and Pelagia the Harlot, was a Christian saint and hermit in the 4th or 5th century. Her feast day was celebrated on 8 October, originally in common with Saints Pelagia the Virgin and Pelagia of Tarsus. Pelagia died as a result of extreme asceticism, which had emaciated her to the point she could no longer be recognized. According to Orthodox tradition, she was buried in her cell. Upon the discovery that the renowned monk had been a woman, the holy fathers tried to keep it a secret, but the gossip spread and her relics drew pilgrims from as far off as Jericho and the Jordan valley.

Giusto Fontanini

5 Giusto Fontanini was a Roman Catholic archbishop and an Italian historian.                         

Pier Silverio Leicht

5 Pier Silverio Leicht war ein italienischer Jurist, Historiker und Bibliothekar.                     

Pellegrino da San Daniele

5 Pellegrino da San Daniele (1467–1547) was an Italian painter in the late-Quattrocento and Renaissance styles, active in the Friulian region.

Giuseppe Marchi

5 Giuseppe Marchi was an Italian Jesuit archæologist who worked on the Catacombs of Rome.             

Nelson Rockefeller

5 Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller, sometimes referred to by his nickname Rocky, was an American businessman and politician who served as the 41st vice president of the United States from 1974 to 1977 under President Gerald Ford. A member of the Republican Party and the wealthy Rockefeller family, he previously served as the 49th governor of New York from 1959 to 1973. Rockefeller also served as assistant secretary of State for American Republic Affairs for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman (1944–1945) as well as under secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) under Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1954. A son of John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller as well as a grandson of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller, he was a noted art collector and served as administrator of Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York City.

Maria Goretti

5 Maria Teresa Goretti was an Italian virgin martyr of the Catholic Church, and one of the youngest saints to be canonized. She was born to a farming family. Her father died when she was nine, and the family had to share a house with another family, the Serenellis. She took over household duties while her mother and siblings worked in the fields.

Antonio Ballero

5 Antonio Ballero è stato un pittore, scrittore e fotografo italiano. Personalità creativa e poliedrica, a cavallo del 1900 fu uno dei protagonisti, insieme a Francesco Ciusa, Grazia Deledda, Sebastiano Satta ed altri della cosiddetta “Atene Sarda”.

Aligi Sassu

5 Aligi Sassu was an Italian painter and sculptor.                                                   

Melchiorre Murenu

5 Melchiorre Murenu was a blind Sardinian poet. Melchiorre Murenu is known as the "Homer of Sardinia" because he was blind and lived his entire life for poetry.

Gavino Gabriel

5 Gavino Gabriel was an Italian composer, ethnomusicologist scholar of Sardinian music, especially that of Gallura, and has written and published many essays on the subject.

Girolamo Tiraboschi

5 Girolamo Tiraboschi S.J. was an Italian literary critic, the first historian of Italian literature. 

Andrea Fantoni

5 Andrea Fantoni (1659–1734) was an Italian sculptor and woodcarver of the late-Baroque period, active in the region near Bergamo.

Baldassare Longhena

5 Baldassare Longhena was an Italian architect, who worked mainly in Venice, where he was one of the greatest exponents of Baroque architecture of the period.

Biagio Rossetti

5 Biagio Rossetti was an Italian architect and urbanist from Ferrara. A military engineer since 1483, and the ducal architect of Ercole I d'Este, in 1492 Rossetti was assigned the project of enlarging the city of Ferrara.

Federico García Lorca

5 Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca, known as Federico García Lorca, was a Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director. García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27, a group consisting mostly of poets who introduced the tenets of European movements into Spanish literature.

Paolo Dettori

5 Paolo Dettori è stato un politico italiano.                                                         

Georges Bizet

5 Georges Bizet was a French composer of the Romantic era. Best known for his operas in a career cut short by his early death, Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, Carmen, which has become one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire opera repertoire.

Benjamin Franklin

5 Benjamin Franklin was an American polymath, a leading writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher. Among the most influential intellectuals of his time, Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States; a drafter and signer of the Declaration of Independence; and the first postmaster general.

Luigi Illica

5 Luigi Illica was an Italian librettist who wrote for Giacomo Puccini, Pietro Mascagni, Alfredo Catalani, Umberto Giordano, Baron Alberto Franchetti and other important Italian composers. His most famous opera libretti are those for La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly and Andrea Chénier.

Nelson Mandela

5 Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid activist, politician, and statesman who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as the president of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.

Magdalene of Canossa

5 Magdalena di Canossa was an Italian professed religious and foundress of the two Canossian congregations. Magdalena was a leading advocate for the poor in her region after she witnessed first hand the plight of the poor following the spillover effects of the French Revolution into the Italian peninsula through the Napoleonic invasion of the northern territories. Canossa collaborated with humanitarians such as Leopoldina Naudet and Antonio Rosmini in her mission of promoting the needs of the poor and setting a new method of religious life for both men and women.

Giuseppe Peano

5 Giuseppe Peano was an Italian mathematician and glottologist. The author of over 200 books and papers, he was a founder of mathematical logic and set theory, to which he contributed much notation. The standard axiomatization of the natural numbers is named the Peano axioms in his honor. As part of this effort, he made key contributions to the modern rigorous and systematic treatment of the method of mathematical induction. He spent most of his career teaching mathematics at the University of Turin. He also wrote an international auxiliary language, Latino sine flexione, which is a simplified version of Classical Latin. Most of his books and papers are in Latino sine flexione, while others are in Italian.

Giuseppe Massari

5 Giuseppe Massari è stato un patriota, giornalista e politico italiano.                             

Flavio Biondo

5 Flavio Biondo was an Italian Renaissance humanist historian. He was one of the first historians to use a three-period division of history and is known as one of the first archaeologists. Born in the capital city of Forlì, in the Romagna region, Flavio was well schooled from an early age, studying under Ballistario of Cremona. During a brief stay in Milan, he discovered and transcribed the unique manuscript of Cicero's dialogue Brutus. He moved to Rome in 1433 where he began work on his writing career; he was appointed secretary to the Cancelleria under Eugene IV in 1444 and accompanied Eugene in his exile in Ferrara and Florence. After his patron's death, Flavio was employed by his papal successors, Nicholas V, Callixtus III and the humanist Pius II.

Oreste Leonardi

5 Oreste Leonardi è stato un carabiniere italiano, capo della scorta di Aldo Moro; fu ucciso nell'agguato di via Fani.

Adolfo Vigorelli

5 Adolfo Vigorelli was an Italian Resistance fighter during World War II.                             

Bartolo Longo

5 Bartolo Longo was an Italian lawyer who has been beatified by the Catholic Church. He presented himself as a former "Satanic priest" who returned to the Catholic faith and became a Dominican tertiary, dedicating his life to the rosary and the Virgin Mary. He was eventually awarded a papal knighthood of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem.

Abundius

5 Abundius, venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Abundius, was a bishop of Como, Northern Italy. 

Corrado Alvaro

5 Corrado Alvaro was an Italian journalist and writer of novels, short stories, screenplays and plays. He often used the verismo style to describe the hopeless poverty in his native Calabria. His first success was Gente in Aspromonte, which examined the exploitation of rural peasants by greedy landowners in Calabria, and is considered by many critics to be his masterpiece.

Sigmund Freud

4 Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it.

Erasmo Piaggio

4 Erasmo Piaggio è stato un imprenditore, armatore e banchiere italiano.                             

Andrea Sansovino

4 Andrea dal Monte Sansovino or Andrea Contucci del Monte San Savino was an Italian sculptor active during the High Renaissance. His pupils include Jacopo Sansovino.

Domenico Cucchiari

4 Domenico Cucchiari è stato un generale e politico italiano.                                         

Edoardo Porro

4 Edoardo Porro (1842–1902) was an Italian obstetrician and gynaecologist, mainly known for developing Porro’s operation, surgical procedure precursor of the modern Caesarean section.

Pietro Borsieri

4 Pietro Borsieri è stato uno scrittore e patriota italiano. Figura centrale nell'esperienza del periodico Il Conciliatore, fu intellettuale romantico poi condannato alla prigione e all'esilio.

Mario Musolesi

4 Mario Musolesi was an Italian soldier and Resistance leader during World War II.                   

Paolo Gorini

4 Paolo Gorini was an Italian mathematician, professor, scientist, and politician renowned as a pioneer of cremation in Europe, primarily in the United Kingdom.

Emilio Comici

4 Leonardo Emilio Comici was an Italian mountain climber and caver. He made numerous ascents in the Eastern Alps, particularly in the Dolomites and in the Julian Alps. Comici was nicknamed the "Angel of the Dolomites".

Henri Cernuschi

4 Henri Cernuschi was a major French-Italian banker, economist and Asian art collector, who began public life as a politician in Italy in 1848–1850.

Carlo Tenca

4 Carlo Tenca was an Italian man of letters, journalist, deputy and supporter of the Risorgimento. He was the central figure in the salon of Countess Clara Maffei, to whom he was romantically linked.

Silvio Trentin

4 Silvio Trentin è stato un partigiano e giurista italiano, docente universitario di diritto amministrativo.

Cesare Maccari

4 Cesare Maccari was an Italian painter and sculptor, most famous for his 1888 painting Cicerone denuncia Catilina.

Pietro Andrea Mattioli

4 Pietro Andrea Gregorio Mattioli was a doctor and naturalist born in Siena.                         

Vamba

4 Luigi Bertelli, best known as Vamba, was an Italian writer, illustrator and journalist.             

Giuseppe Arimondi

4 Giuseppe Edoardo Arimondi, OSML, OMS, OCI was an Italian general, mostly known for his role during the First Italo-Ethiopian War. He was one of the few European commanders who gained a victory over the Mahdists before Kitchener's Expedition, soundly defeating them at Agordat in 1893. After a long and successful colonial service, he died in combat at Adwa, and was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valour.

Antonio Gazzoletti

4 Antonio Gazzoletti è stato un giurista e poeta italiano.                                           

Giovanni Botero

4 Giovanni Botero was an Italian thinker, priest, poet, and diplomat, author of Della Ragion di Stato , in ten chapters, printed in Venice in 1589, and of Universal Relations,, addressing the world geography and ethnography. With his emphasis that the wealth of cities was caused by adding value to raw materials, Botero may be considered the ancestor of both Mercantilism and Cameralism.

Raphael (archangel)

4 Raphael is an archangel first mentioned in the Book of Tobit and in 1 Enoch, both estimated to date from between the 3rd and 2nd century BCE. In later Jewish tradition, he became identified as one of the three heavenly visitors entertained by Abraham at the Oak of Mamre. He is not named in either the New Testament or the Quran, but later Christian tradition identified him with healing and as the angel who stirred waters in the Pool of Bethesda in John 5:2–4, and in Islam, where his name is Israfil, he is understood to be the unnamed angel of Quran 6:73, standing eternally with a trumpet to his lips, ready to announce the Day of Judgment. In Gnostic tradition, Raphael is represented on the Ophite Diagram.

Ugo Betti

4 Ugo Betti was an Italian judge, better known as an author, who is considered by many the greatest Italian playwright next to Pirandello.

Nicola Pisano

4 Nicola Pisano was an Italian sculptor whose work is noted for its classical Roman sculptural style. Pisano is sometimes considered to be the founder of modern sculpture.

Giovanni della Casa

4 Giovanni della Casa was an Italian poet, diplomat, clergyman and inquisitor, and writer on etiquette and society. He is celebrated for his famous treatise on polite behavior, Il Galateo overo de’ costumi (1558). From the time of its publication, this courtesy book has enjoyed enormous success and influence. In the eighteenth century, influential critic Giuseppe Baretti wrote in The Italian Library (1757), "The little treatise is looked upon by many Italians as the most elegant thing, as to stile, that we have in our language."

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

4 Giovanni Pico dei conti della Mirandola e della Concordia, known as Pico della Mirandola, was an Italian Renaissance nobleman and philosopher. He is famed for the events of 1486, when, at the age of 23, he proposed to defend 900 theses on religion, philosophy, natural philosophy, and magic against all comers, for which he wrote the Oration on the Dignity of Man, which has been called the "Manifesto of the Renaissance", and a key text of Renaissance humanism and of what has been called the "Hermetic Reformation". He was the founder of the tradition of Christian Kabbalah, a key tenet of early modern Western esotericism. The 900 Theses was the first printed book to be universally banned by the Church. Pico is sometimes seen as a proto-Protestant, because his 900 theses anticipated many Protestant views.

Pisanello

4 Pisanello, born Antonio di Puccio Pisano or Antonio di Puccio da Cereto, also erroneously called Vittore Pisano by Giorgio Vasari, was one of the most distinguished painters of the early Italian Renaissance and Quattrocento. He was acclaimed by poets such as Guarino da Verona and praised by humanists of his time, who compared him to such illustrious names as Cimabue, Phidias and Praxiteles.

Giovanni delle Bande Nere

4 Ludovico de' Medici, also known as Giovanni delle Bande Nere was an Italian condottiero. He is known for leading the Black Bands and serving valiantly in military combat under his third cousins, Pope Leo X and Pope Clement VII, in the War of Urbino and the War of the League of Cognac, respectively.

Giuseppe Graziosi

4 Giuseppe Graziosi was an Italian sculptor, painter and graphic designer.                           

Carlo Fadda

4 Carlo Fadda (1853–1931) was an Italian jurist and politician.                                       

Federico Delpino

4 Giacomo Giuseppe Federico Delpino was an Italian botanist who made early observations on floral biology, particularly the pollination of flowers by insects. Delpino introduced a very broad view of plant ecology and was the first to suggest pollination syndromes, sets of traits associated with specific kinds of pollinators. He wrote Pensieri sulla Biologia Vegetale in 1867 and this failed to gather sufficient notice due to it being written in Italian. He corresponded with Charles Darwin and was one of the first to speculate on the idea of "plant intelligence".

Mauro Venegoni

4 Mauro Venegoni è stato un politico e partigiano italiano, comunista rivoluzionario.                 

Caesarius of Terracina

4 Saint Caesarius of Terracina was a Christian martyr. The church of San Cesareo in Palatio in Rome bears his name.

Policarpo Petrocchi

4 Policarpo Petrocchi è stato uno scrittore, filologo e lessicografo italiano.                       

Tommaso Fiore

4 Tommaso Fiore was an Italian meridionalist writer and a socialist intellectual and politician. He is known for his attention and his descriptions and studies on the inhumane conditions of Southern Italian and often specifically Apulian peasants at that time. He is also known for his Viareggio Prize-winning book Un popolo di formiche. In the 1920s, he was appointed as mayor of his hometown Altamura. During the twenty-year period of the Italian Fascist era, he strenuously opposed the regime before being sent into internal exile in 1942 and then being jailed in 1943.

Pietro Frattini

4 Pietro Domenico Frattini was a supporter of Italian unification and one of the Belfiore martyrs.   

Giuseppe Maggiolini

4 Giuseppe Maggiolini, himself a marquetry-maker (intarsiatore), was the pre-eminent cabinet-maker (ebanista) in Milan in the later 18th century. Though some of his early work is Late Baroque in manner, his name is particularly associated with blocky neoclassical forms veneered with richly detailed marquetry vignettes, often within complicated borders. His workshop's output is somewhat repetitive, making attributions to Maggiolini a temptation. His clientele reached to Austria and Poland.

Tommaso Salvini

4 Tommaso Salvini was an Italian actor.                                                               

Bartolo da San Gimignano

4 Bartolo da San Gimignano – born Bartolo Buonpedoni – was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and a member of the Third Order of Saint Francis. Bartolo was born to nobles near Siena and fled home to become a priest to escape his father's wrath. He tended to poor people in the streets and used his income to provide alms to them and to alleviate their suffering while himself contracting a disease from working with the poor and succumbing to that same disease as a result.

Marcello Prestinari

4 Marcello Prestinari è stato un militare italiano.                                                   

Giulio Tarra

4 Giulio Tarra è stato un presbitero e educatore italiano. Fu il primo rettore dell'allora Pio Istituto per Sordomuti poveri di campagna, oggi Pio Istituto dei Sordi, fondato nel 1854 e che resse per trentaquattro anni fino alla morte. Nell'ambito della sua attività di educatore fu anche noto per la lunga serie di pubblicazioni istruttive morali a vantaggio della gioventù.

Pope Pius V

4 Pope Pius V, OP, born Antonio Ghislieri, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 January 1566 to his death, in May 1572. He is venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church. He is chiefly notable for his role in the Council of Trent, the Counter-Reformation, and the standardization of the Roman Rite within the Latin Church, known as Tridentine mass. Pius V declared Thomas Aquinas a Doctor of the Church.

Giovanni Battista Pirelli

4 Giovanni Battista Alberto Pirelli è stato un imprenditore, ingegnere e politico italiano, fondatore dell'azienda omonima con sede a Milano.

Salvatore Di Giacomo

4 Salvatore Di Giacomo was an Italian poet, songwriter, playwright and fascist, one of the signatories to the Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals.

Appius Claudius Caecus

4 Appius Claudius Caecus was a statesman and writer from the Roman Republic. He is best known for two major building projects: the Appian Way, the first major Roman road, and the first aqueduct in Rome, the Aqua Appia.

Maxim Gorky

4 Alexei Maximovich Peshkov, popularly known as Maxim Gorky, was a Russian and Soviet writer and socialism proponent. He was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Before his success as an author, he travelled widely across the Russian Empire changing jobs frequently, experiences which would later influence his writing.

Salvatore Barzilai

4 Salvatore Barzilai was an Italian jurist, journalist and politician who was one of the leaders of the Republican Party. He served as the minister for the lands freed by the enemy for one year between 1915 and 1916.

Bruno Tosarelli

4 Bruno Tosarelli è stato un partigiano italiano. Medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria.     

Alberto Manzi

4 Alberto Manzi was an Italian school teacher, writer and television host, best known for being the art director of Non è mai troppo tardi, an educational TV programme broadcast between 1959 and 1968.

Francesco Flora

4 Francesco Flora è stato un critico letterario, storico della letteratura, poeta e scrittore italiano, di formazione crociana, nonché antifascista.

Corrado Ricci

4 Corrado Ricci è stato un archeologo e storico dell'arte italiano. Fu nominato senatore del Regno d'Italia nella XXVI legislatura.

Maria Melato

4 Maria Melato was an Italian actress of the stage, screen, and radio.                               

Giuseppe Bentivogli

4 Giuseppe Bentivogli è stato un politico, sindacalista e partigiano italiano, Medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria.

Alberto Franchetti

4 Alberto Franchetti was an Italian composer and racing driver, best known for the 1902 opera Germania.

Antonio Maria Valsalva

4 Antonio Maria Valsalva, was an Italian anatomist born in Imola. His research focused on the anatomy of the ears. He coined the term Eustachian tube and he described the aortic sinuses of Valsalva in his writings, published posthumously in 1740. His name is associated with the Valsalva antrum of the ear and the Valsalva maneuver, which is used as a test of circulatory function. Anatomical structures bearing his name are Valsalva’s muscle and taeniae Valsalvae. He observed that when weakness of one side of the body is caused by a lesion in the brain, the culprit lesion tends to be on the side opposite (contralateral) to the weak side; this finding is named the "Valsalva doctrine" in his honor.

Luca Marenzio

4 Luca Marenzio was an Italian composer and singer of the late Renaissance.                           

Giuseppe Martucci

4 Giuseppe Martucci was an Italian composer, conductor, pianist and teacher. Sometimes called "the Italian Brahms", Martucci was notable among Italian composers of the era in that he dedicated his entire career to absolute music, and wrote no operas. As a composer and teacher he was influential in reviving Italian interest in non-operatic music. Nevertheless, as a conductor, he did help to introduce Wagner's operas to Italy and also gave important early concerts of English music there.

Argentina Altobelli

4 Argentina Altobelli was an Italian trade unionist, the first woman to lead a trade union in the country.

Armando Spadini

4 Armando Spadini was an Italian painter and one of the representatives of the so-called Scuola Romana.

Anselmo Marabini

4 Anselmo Marabini è stato un politico italiano.                                                     

Bruno Pontecorvo

4 Bruno Pontecorvo was an Italian and Soviet nuclear physicist, an early assistant of Enrico Fermi and the author of numerous studies in high energy physics, especially on neutrinos. A convinced communist, he defected to the Soviet Union in 1950, where he continued his research on the decay of the muon and on neutrinos. The prestigious Pontecorvo Prize was instituted in his memory in 1995.

Jean Monnet

4 Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet was a French civil servant, entrepreneur, diplomat, financier, administrator, and political visionary. An influential supporter of European unity, he is considered one of the founding fathers of the European Union.

Leonardo Andervolti

4 Leonardo Andervolti è stato un patriota italiano.                                                   

Émile Chanoux

4 Émile Chanoux è stato un notaio e politico italiano, martire dell'Azione Cattolica nella Resistenza nella Valle d'Aosta, Croce d'argento al merito dell'Esercito della Repubblica Italiana.

Andrea del Sarto

4 Andrea del Sarto was an Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism. He was known as an outstanding fresco decorator, painter of altar-pieces, portraitist, draughtsman, and colorist. Although highly regarded during his lifetime as an artist senza errori, his renown was eclipsed after his death by that of his contemporaries Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

Andrea Vochieri

4 Andrea Vochieri è stato un patriota italiano.                                                       

Francesco Filelfo

4 Francesco Filelfo was an Italian Renaissance humanist and author of the philosophic dialogue On Exile.

Diego Fabbri

4 Diego Fabbri was an Italian playwright whose plays centered on religious (Catholic) themes.         

Corrado Gex

4 Corrado Gex è stato un politico e aviatore italiano. Già deputato regionale in Valle d'Aosta, fu deputato della IV legislatura della Repubblica Italiana.

Antonio Bazzini

4 Antonio Bazzini was an Italian violinist, composer and teacher. As a composer, his most enduring work is his chamber music, which earned him a central place in the Italian instrumental renaissance of the 19th century. However, his success as a composer was overshadowed by his reputation as one of the finest concert violinists of the nineteenth century. He also contributed to a portion of Messa per Rossini, specifically the first section of II. Sequentia, Dies Irae.

Braccio da Montone

4 Braccio da Montone, born Andrea Fortebraccio, was an Italian condottiero.                           

Emilio Morosini

4 Emilio Morosini was an Italian patriot who participated in the Risorgimento.                       

Beatrice d'Este

4 Beatrice d'Este was Duchess of Bari and Milan by marriage to Ludovico Sforza. She was one of the most important personalities of the time and, despite her short life, she was a major player in Italian politics. A woman of culture, an important patron, a leader in fashion: alongside her illustrious husband she made Milan one of the greatest capitals of the European Renaissance. With her own determination and bellicose nature, she was the soul of the Milanese resistance against the enemy French during the first of the Italian Wars, when her intervention was able to repel the threats of the Duke of Orléans, who was on the verge of conquering Milan.

Enrico Pessina

4 Enrico Pessina è stato un giurista, filosofo e politico italiano. Fu senatore del Regno d'Italia nella XIII legislatura.

Gaetano Negri

4 Gaetano Negri was an Italian geologist, writer and politician who served as the 3rd Mayor of Milan from 1884 to 1889. He also served in the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy.

Antonio Genovesi

4 Antonio Genovesi was an Italian writer on philosophy and political economy.                         

Saint Quentin

4 Quentin also known as Quentin of Amiens, was an early Christian saint.                             

Oreste Salomone

4 Oreste Salomone è stato un aviatore e militare italiano, che come pilota fu dapprima decorato di Medaglia d'argento al valor militare nella guerra di Libia, e poi di Medaglia d'oro a vivente nel corso della prima guerra mondiale. Fu membro della massoneria.

Lauro De Bosis

4 Lauro Adolfo De Bosis was an Italian poet, aviator, and anti-fascist.                               

Francesca Morvillo

4 Francesca Laura Morvillo was an Italian magistrate, wife of Giovanni Falcone and victim of the Sicilian Mafia. On May 23, 1992, she and her husband were killed in the Capaci bombing.

Clemente Rebora

4 Clemente Rebora was a poet from Milan, Italy. He received a degree in Italian literature in Milan. In the early 1900s he worked for the magazines La Voce, Rivista d’Italia and La Riviera Ligure.

Mammes of Caesarea

4 Saint Mammes of Caesarea was a child-martyr of the 3rd century, who was martyred at Caesarea. His parents, Theodotus and Rufina, were also martyred.

Camilla Ravera

4 Camilla Ravera was an Italian politician and the first female lifetime senator. She was also among the driving forces behind Italian feminism.

Lando Conti

4 Lando Conti was an Italian politician and past Mayor of Florence, Italy, who was assassinated by the terrorist group the Red Brigades.

Adone Zoli

4 Adone Alvaro Ugo Natale Camillo Zoli was an Italian politician who served as the 35th prime minister of Italy from May 1957 to July 1958; he was the first senator to have ever held the office.

Pietro Zangheri

4 Pietro Zangheri è stato un naturalista e scrittore italiano.                                       

Costante Girardengo

4 Costante Girardengo was an Italian professional road bicycle racer, considered by many to be one of the finest riders in the history of the sport. He was the first rider to be declared a "Campionissimo" or "champion of champions" by the Italian media and fans. At the height of his career, in the 1920s, he was said to be more popular than Mussolini and it was decreed that all express trains should stop in his home town Novi Ligure, an honour only normally awarded to heads of state.

Tiberio Deciani

4 Tiberio Deciani or Decianus (1509–1582) was an Italian jurist working in the tradition of Renaissance humanism.

Andrea Verga

4 Andrea Verga was an Italian psychiatrist and neurologist. Verga is remembered for his pioneer work done in the study of the criminally insane, as well as his early research of acrophobia, a condition he personally suffered from.

Leopoldo Nobili

4 Leopoldo Nobili, born on 5 July 1784 in Trassilico (Toscana) and died on 22 August 1835 in Florence, was an Italian physicist who invented a number of instruments critical to investigating thermodynamics and electrochemistry.

Cosimo Ridolfi

4 Il marchese Cosimo Pietro Gaetano Gregorio Melchiorre Ridolfi è stato un agronomo e politico italiano.

Franco Sacchetti

4 Franco Sacchetti, was an Italian poet and novelist.                                                 

Luisa Sanfelice

4 Luisa or Luigia Sanfelice (1764–1800) was an Italian aristocrat who was executed by Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies because of her involvement with the French-backed Parthenopean Republic during the French Revolutionary Wars, although Sanfelice was largely apolitical. As she was generally regarded as the innocent victim of circumstances, she became a legendary figure who was widely portrayed in popular culture. During the nineteenth century she was often depicted as a gentle and naïve beauty whose story closely resembled that of the fictional Fioria Tosca,the heroine of the Puccini opera Tosca.

Paolo Uccello

4 Paolo Uccello, born Paolo di Dono, was an Italian painter and mathematician who was notable for his pioneering work on visual perspective in art. In his book Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, Giorgio Vasari wrote that Uccello was obsessed by his interest in perspective and would stay up all night in his study trying to grasp the exact vanishing point. Uccello used perspective to create a feeling of depth in his paintings. His best known works are the three paintings representing the battle of San Romano, which were wrongly entitled the Battle of Sant'Egidio of 1416 for a long period of time.

Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor

4 Leopold II was the 44th Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, and Archduke of Austria from 1790 to 1792, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Queen Marie Antoinette of France, Queen Maria Carolina, Duchess Maria Amalia of Parma, and Emperor Joseph II. Leopold was a moderate proponent of enlightened absolutism. He granted the Academy of Georgofili his protection. Unusually for his time, he opposed the death penalty and torture and abolished it in Tuscany on 30 November 1786 during his rule there, making it the first nation in modern history to do so. This act has been commemorated since 2000 by a regional custom known as the Feast of Tuscany, held every 30 November. Despite his brief reign, he is highly regarded. The historian Paul W. Schroeder called him "one of the most shrewd and sensible monarchs ever to wear a crown".

Adriano Cecioni

4 Adriano Cecioni was an Italian artist, caricaturist, and critic associated with the Macchiaioli group.

Aligi Barducci

4 Aligi Barducci was an Italian soldier and Resistance leader during World War II.                   

Anna Maria Enriques Agnoletti

4 Anna Maria Enriques Agnoletti was an Italian partisan, shot by the Nazis on 12 June 1944. For her actions in support of the Italian partisan movement she was honored post-mortem with the Gold Medal of Military Valour.

Antonio Mordini

4 Antonio Mordini was a longstanding Italian patriot and, after 1861, a member of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy. In 1869 he served as Minister of Public Works of the Kingdom of Italy, a member of the third Menabrea government.

Giulio Facibeni

4 Giulio Facibeni è stato un presbitero e antifascista italiano, fondatore dell'Opera della Divina Provvidenza Madonnina del Grappa, annoverato tra i giusti tra le nazioni per la sua opera a favore degli ebrei a Firenze durante l'Olocausto. Per la Chiesa cattolica ha il titolo di venerabile.

Leon Pancaldo

4 Leon Pancaldo, also called Leone Pancaldo was a Genoese explorer.                                   

Lorenzo de' Medici

4 Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici, known as Lorenzo the Magnificent, was an Italian statesman, the de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic, and the most powerful patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. Lorenzo held the balance of power within the Italic League, an alliance of states that stabilized political conditions on the Italian Peninsula for decades, and his life coincided with the mature phase of the Italian Renaissance and the golden age of Florence. As a patron, he is best known for his sponsorship of artists such as Botticelli and Michelangelo. On the foreign policy front, Lorenzo manifested a clear plan to stem the territorial ambitions of Pope Sixtus IV, in the name of the balance of the Italian League of 1454. For these reasons, Lorenzo was the subject of the Pazzi conspiracy (1478), in which his brother Giuliano was assassinated. The Peace of Lodi of 1454 that he supported among the various Italian states collapsed with his death. He is buried in the Medici Chapel in Florence.

Muzio Clementi

4 Muzio Filippo Vincenzo Francesco Saverio Clementi was an Italian-British composer, virtuoso pianist, pedagogue, conductor, music publisher, editor, and piano manufacturer, who was mostly active in England.

Scipio Sighele

4 Scipio Sighele è stato uno psicologo, sociologo e criminologo italiano.                             

Vincenzo Salvagnoli

4 Vincenzo Salvagnoli è stato un giurista e politico italiano.                                       

Giovanni Lorenzoni

4 Giovanni Lorenzoni è stato un economista e sociologo italiano.                                     

Artemisia Gentileschi

4 Artemisia Lomi or Artemisia Gentileschi was an Italian Baroque painter. Gentileschi is considered among the most accomplished 17th-century artists, initially working in the style of Caravaggio. She was producing professional work by the age of 15. In an era when women had few opportunities to pursue artistic training or work as professional artists, Gentileschi was the first woman to become a member of the Accademia di Arte del Disegno in Florence and she had an international clientele.

Felice Matteucci

4 Felice Matteucci was an Italian hydraulic engineer who co-invented an internal combustion engine with Eugenio Barsanti. Their patent request was granted in London on June 12, 1854, and published in London's Morning Journal under the title "Specification of Eugene Barsanti and Felix Matteucci, Obtaining Motive Power by the Explosion of Gases", as documented by the Fondazione Barsanti e Matteucci.

Theodelinda

4 Theodelinda also spelled Theudelinde, was a queen of the Lombards by marriage to two consecutive Lombard rulers, Autari and then Agilulf, and regent of Lombardia during the minority of her son Adaloald, and co-regent when he reached majority, from 616 to 626. For well over thirty years, she exercised influence across the Lombard realm, which comprised most of Italy between the Apennines and the Alps. Born a Frankish Catholic, she convinced her first spouse Autari to convert from pagan beliefs to Christianity.

Rita Levi-Montalcini

4 Rita Levi-Montalcini was an Italian neurobiologist. She was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with colleague Stanley Cohen for the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF).

Lodovico Pavoni

4 Lodovico Pavoni was an Italian Roman Catholic priest who administered in Brescia where he lived. He paid close attention to the needs of males and was concerned with their education. He was to establish – in 1825 – his own religious congregation to assist in his mission: the Sons of Mary Immaculate which came to be known also as the "Pavoniani".

Giuseppe Grassi (politician)

4 Giuseppe Grassi was a 20th-century Italian politician. Member of the Italian Liberal Party, he served as Minister of Justice in Alcide De Gasperi's fourth and fifth cabinets between 1947 and 1950. He signed, as Keeper of the Seals, the Constitution of Italy in 1948.

Giovanni Ancillotto

4 Lieutenant Giovanni 'Giannino' Ancillotto was an Italian World War I flying ace credited with 11 confirmed aerial victories. Rather unusually, he served solely with aviation while he was in the military, beginning in the lowest rank. Among his aerial victories as a fighter pilot were three over enemy observation balloons right after the Battle of Caporetto. As an example of the hazards of balloon busting, on 5 December 1917 Ancillotto returned to base with singed swatches of the third balloon's fabric adhering to his damaged fighter plane.

Angelo Battelli

4 Angelo Battelli (28 March 1862 – 11 December 1916) was an Italian scientist, notable for having measured temperatures and heats of fusion of non-metallic substances, metallic conductivities and thermoelectric effects in magnetic metals, and the Thomson effect. He investigated osmotic pressures, surface tensions, and physical properties of carbon disulfide (CS2), water (H2O), and alcohols, especially their vapor pressures, critical points, and densities. He studied X-rays and cathode rays. He investigated the resistance of solenoids to high-frequency alternating currents.

Giorgio Giulini

4 Giorgio Giulini è stato uno storico e storiografo italiano.                                         

Carlo Carrà

4 Carlo Carrà was an Italian painter and a leading figure of the Futurist movement that flourished in Italy during the beginning of the 20th century. In addition to his many paintings, he wrote a number of books concerning art. He taught for many years in the city of Milan.

Luigi Pastro

4 Luigi Pastro è stato un patriota e politico italiano.                                               

Gaetano Casati

4 Gaetano Casati was an Italian explorer of Africa, born in Lesmo, at that time in the Austrian Empire.

Vittorio Podrecca

4 Vittorio Podrecca è stato un impresario e regista italiano del teatro delle marionette.             

Pio Donati

4 Pio Donati è stato un politico e avvocato italiano.                                                 

Antonio Banfi

4 Antonio Banfi was an Italian philosopher and senator. He is also noted for founding the Italian philosophical school called critical rationalism.

Matteo Bandello

4 Matteo Bandello was an Italian writer, soldier, Dominican friar and bishop, known mostly for his novellas. His collection of 214 novellas made him the most popular short-story writer of his day.

Ferdinando Galiani

4 Ferdinando Galiani was an Italian economist, a leading Italian figure of the Enlightenment. Friedrich Nietzsche referred to him as "a most fastidious and refined intelligence" and "the most profound, discerning, and perhaps also the filthiest man of his century."

Alberto Nota

4 Alberto Nota è stato un commediografo, bibliotecario e magistrato italiano.                         

Antonio Abetti

4 Antonio Abetti was an Italian astronomer.                                                           

Carlo Bon Compagni di Mombello

4 Carlo Bon Compagni, Count of Mombello was an Italian judge, educator and politician.               

Michele Lessona

4 Michele Lessona was an Italian zoologist.                                                           

Carlo Amoretti

4 Carlo Amoretti was an ecclesiastic, scholar, writer, and scientist. He entered the Augustinian order in 1757. To further his studies, he went to Pavia and Parma where he also taught ecclesiastical law.

Giovanni Battista Ramusio

4 Giovanni Battista Ramusio was an Italian geographer and travel writer.                             

Ascanio Sobrero

4 Ascanio Sobrero was an Italian chemist, born in Casale Monferrato. He studied under Théophile-Jules Pelouze at the University of Turin, who had worked with the explosive material guncotton.

Cesare Pascarella

4 Cesare Pascarella, was an Italian dialect poet and a painter. He was appointed to the Royal Academy of Italy in 1930.

Gino Vendemini

4 Gino Vendemini, all'anagrafe Biagio Vendemini, è stato un poeta e politico italiano.               

Giuseppe Piazzi

4 Giuseppe Piazzi was an Italian Catholic priest of the Theatine order, mathematician, and astronomer. He established an observatory at Palermo, now the Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo – Giuseppe S. Vaiana. He is perhaps most famous for his discovery of the first dwarf planet, Ceres.

Paolo Giacometti

4 Paolo Giacometti (1816–1882) was an Italian dramatist born at Novi Ligure. He was educated in law at Genoa, but at the age of twenty had some success with his play Rosilda and then devoted himself to the stage. Depressed circumstances made him attach himself as author to various touring Italian companies, and his output was considerable; moreover, such actors as Ristori, Rossi and Salvini made many of these plays great successes. Among the best of them were La Donna (1850), La Donna in seconde nozze (1851), Giuditta (1857), Sofocle (1860). La Morte civile (1861). A collection of his works was published at Milan in eight volumes . His Marie Antoinette was written expressly for Ristori, and first staged in New York.

Tommaso Gulli

4 Tommaso Gulli è stato un militare italiano, decorato di medaglia d'oro al valor militare.           

Vincenzo Coronelli

4 Vincenzo Maria Coronelli was an Italian Franciscan friar, cosmographer, cartographer, publisher, and encyclopedist known in particular for his atlases and globes. He spent most of his life in Venice.

Benigno Zaccagnini

4 Benigno Zaccagnini was an Italian politician and physician.                                         

Carlo Dossi

4 Carlo Alberto Pisani Dossi was an Italian writer, politician and diplomat. He belonged to the Scapigliati.

Vincenzo Muccioli

4 Vincenzo Muccioli è stato un imprenditore italiano, fondatore della Comunità di San Patrignano, dedicata al recupero e alla riabilitazione dei tossicodipendenti.

Pietro Cossa

4 Pietro Cossa was an Italian dramatist.                                                             

Giuseppe Avezzana

4 Giuseppe Avezzana was an Italian soldier and businessman. He fought in wars in Europe and the Americas.

Franchinus Gaffurius

4 Franchinus Gaffurius was an Italian music theorist and composer of the Renaissance.                 

Giuseppe Giulietti (politician)

4 Giuseppe Giulietti is an Italian journalist, trade unionist and politician.                         

Cornelio Nepote

4 Cornelio Nepóte è stato uno storico e biografo romano.                                             

Domenico Fontana

4 Domenico Fontana was an Italian architect of the late Renaissance, born in today's Ticino. He worked primarily in Italy, at Rome and Naples.

Valentino Mazzola

4 Valentino Mazzola was an Italian footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or forward.       

Nicolao Sottile

4 Nicolao Sottile è stato un presbitero e scrittore italiano.                                         

Henry Dunant

4 Henry Dunant, also known as Henri Dunant, was a Swiss humanitarian, businessman, social activist, and co-founder of the Red Cross. His humanitarian efforts won him the first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901.

Salvatore Cottoni

4 Salvatore Cottoni è stato un politico e avvocato italiano.                                         

Mario Allegretti

4 Mario Allegretti was an Italian soldier and Resistance leader during World War II.                 

Dario Niccodemi

4 Dario Niccodemi was an Italian novelist and a playwright who was born in Italy.                     

Bellinus of Padua

4 Bellino Bertaldo was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Padua from 1128 until his murder. Pope Eugene IV later canonized Bellino as a saint.

Lorenzo Delleani

4 Lorenzo Delleani was an Italian painter, known primarily for landscapes and genre scenes.           

Giuseppe Pagano

4 Giuseppe Pagano was an Italian architect, notable for his involvement in the movement of rationalist architecture in Italy up to the end of the Second World War. He designed exhibitions, furniture and interiors and was an amateur photographer. He was also a long-time editor of the magazine Casabella.

Ancus Marcius

4 Ancus Marcius was the legendary fourth king of Rome, who traditionally reigned 24 years. Upon the death of the previous king, Tullus Hostilius, the Roman Senate appointed an interrex, who in turn called a session of the assembly of the people who elected the new king. Ancus is said to have ruled by waging war as Romulus did, while also promoting peace and religion as Numa Pompilius did.

Salvator Angelo De Castro

4 Salvator Angelo De Castro è stato un politico italiano.                                             

Ottone Bacaredda

4 Ottone Bacaredda è stato un giurista, scrittore e politico italiano.                               

Sergio Atzeni

4 Sergio Atzeni was an Italian writer.                                                               

Federico Borromeo

4 Federico Borromeo was an Italian cardinal and Archbishop of Milan, a prominent figure of Counter-Reformation in Italy. Federico was a hero of the plague of 1630, described in Alessandro Manzoni's historical novel, The Betrothed. He was a great patron of the arts and founded the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, one of the first free public libraries in Europe. In 1618 he added a picture gallery, donating his own considerable collection of paintings. His published works, mainly in Latin, number over 100. They show his interest in ecclesiastical archaeology, sacred painting, and collecting.

Giovanni Cena

4 Giovanni Cena è stato un poeta e scrittore italiano.                                               

Alberto Picco di Ulrico

4 Alberto Picco è stato un militare e calciatore italiano. Sottotenente di complemento del corpo degli Alpini, cadde durante la battaglia per la conquista del Monte Nero.

Dalmazio Birago

4 Dalmazio Birago è stato un aviatore italiano, decorato di Medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria nel corso della guerra d'Etiopia.

Francesco Dall'Ongaro

4 Francesco Dall'Ongaro was an Italian writer, poet and dramatist.                                   

Giuseppe Pisanelli

4 Giuseppe Pisanelli è stato un giurista e politico italiano.                                         

Enrico Millo

4 Enrico Millo was an Italian admiral and politician. As a naval commander, he led a raid against the Ottoman Navy in the Dardanelles in 1912.

Agostino Barbarigo

4 Agostino Barbarigo was Doge of Venice from 1486 until his death in 1501.                           

Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (1943–2021)

4 Prince Amedeo of Savoy-Aosta, 5th Duke of Aosta was a claimant to the headship of the House of Savoy, the family which ruled Italy from 1861 to 1946. Until 7 July 2006, Amedeo was styled Duke of Aosta; on that date he declared himself Duke of Savoy, a title that was disputed between him and his third cousin, Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, only son of King Umberto II of Italy.

Giovanni Battista Marzuttini

4 Giovanni Battista Marzuttini è stato un pittore e musicista italiano, il cui ingegno poliedrico lo portò a realizzare nel 1910 un proprio monoplano, che sfortunatamente non riuscì mai a volare.

Giovanni Ferrari

4 Giovanni Ferrari was an Italian footballer who played as an attacking midfielder/inside forward on the left. He is regarded as one of the best players of his generation, having won the Serie A 8 times, as well as two consecutive FIFA World Cup titles with the Italy national football team. Along with Giuseppe Meazza and Eraldo Monzeglio, he is one of only three Italian players to have won two World Cups.

Guarino Guarini

4 Camillo Guarino Guarini was an Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque, active in Turin as well as Sicily, France and Portugal. He was a Theatine priest, mathematician, and writer. His work represents the ultimate achievement of Italian Baroque structural engineering, creating in stone what could be attempted today in reinforced concrete.

Fabio Asquini

4 Count Fabio Asquini (1726–1818) was an Italian rural economist and agronomist who did much to promote silk culture in Italy.

Marcello Mastroianni

4 Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni was an Italian film actor, regarded as one of his country's most iconic male performers of the 20th century. He played leading roles for many of Italy's top directors in a career spanning 147 films between 1939 and 1996, and garnered many international honours including two BAFTA Awards, two Best Actor awards at the Venice and Cannes film festivals, two Golden Globes, and three Academy Award nominations.

Felice Maritano

4 Felice Maritano è stato un carabiniere italiano ucciso in un conflitto a fuoco da uno dei capi storici delle Brigate Rosse, Roberto Ognibene durante una operazione riguardante il ritrovamento dei documenti conosciuto come le "inchieste di Robbiano di Mediglia".

Silvio Benco

4 Enea Silvio Benco è stato uno scrittore, giornalista e critico letterario italiano.                 

Livia

4 Livia Drusilla was Roman empress from 27 BC to AD 14 as the wife of emperor Augustus. She was known as Julia Augusta after her formal adoption into the Julian family in AD 14.

Odorico Politi

4 Odorico Politi was an Italian painter.                                                             

Luigi Scrosoppi

4 Luigi Scrosoppi was an Italian priest of the Catholic Church who founded the Sisters of Providence of Saint Cajetan of Thiene. He was canonized in 2001.

Bindo Chiurlo

4 Bindo Chiurlo è stato un critico letterario e poeta italiano.                                       

Pietro Blaserna

4 Pietro Blaserna è stato un fisico e politico italiano.                                             

Luigi Chiozza

4 Luigi Chiozza è stato un chimico e imprenditore italiano.                                           

Gino Severini

4 Gino Severini was an Italian painter and a leading member of the Futurist movement. For much of his life he divided his time between Paris and Rome. He was associated with neo-classicism and the "return to order" in the decade after the First World War. During his career he worked in a variety of media, including mosaic and fresco. He showed his work at major exhibitions, including the Rome Quadrennial, and won art prizes from major institutions.

Cesare Cabras

4 Cesare Cabras è stato un pittore italiano.                                                         

Olinto Marella

4 Olinto Marella was an Italian Roman Catholic priest who exercised his pastoral service in the Archdiocese of Bologna. Marella was a classmate of Pope John XXIII in Rome and the pope held him in high esteem and supported his pastoral initiatives.

Andreas Vesalius

4 Andries van Wezel, latinised as Andreas Vesalius, was an anatomist and physician who wrote De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem, what is considered to be one of the most influential books on human anatomy and a major advance over the long-dominant work of Galen. Vesalius is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy. He was born in Brussels, which was then part of the Habsburg Netherlands. He was a professor at the University of Padua (1537–1542) and later became Imperial physician at the court of Emperor Charles V.

Angela Merici

4 Angela Merici was an Italian Catholic religious educator who founded the Company of St. Ursula in 1535 in Brescia, in which women dedicated their lives to the service of the church through the education of girls.

Nicostrato Castellini

4 Nicostrato Castellini è stato un patriota italiano.                                                 

Luigi Calabresi

4 Luigi Calabresi was an Italian Polizia di Stato officer in Milan. Responsible for investigating far-left political movements, Calabresi was assassinated in 1972 by members of Lotta Continua, who blamed him for the death of anarchist activist Giuseppe Pinelli in police custody in 1969. The deaths of Pinelli and Calabresi were significant events during the Years of Lead, a period of major political violence and unrest in Italy from the 1960s to the 1980s.

Francis de Sales

4 Francis de Sales, C.O., O.M. was a Savoyard Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Geneva and is a saint of the Catholic Church. He became noted for his deep faith and his gentle approach to the religious divisions in his land resulting from the Protestant Reformation. He is known also for his writings on the topic of spiritual direction and spiritual formation, particularly the Introduction to the Devout Life and the Treatise on the Love of God.

Hyacinth of Caesarea

4 Hyacinth was a young Christian living at the start of the second century, who is honored as a martyr and a saint by both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Hyacinth is sometimes called by his Latin name Hyacinthus.

Luigi Russo

4 Luigi Russo was an Italian Fascist politician and civil servant, who served as Undersecretary to the Presidency of the Council of the Kingdom of Italy from 1939 to 1943. He was also Chief of Staff of the Volunteer Militia for National Security from 3 October 1935 to 3 November 1939.

Francesco I da Carrara

4 Francesco I da Carrara, called il Vecchio, was Lord of Padua from 1350 to 1388.                     

Max Leopold Wagner

4 Max Leopold Wagner was a German philologist and ethnologist, particularly known for his studies on the Sardinian language. He also carried out pioneering research on the Spanish language in Hispanic America. In a posthumous review of his three-volume Dizionario etimologico sardo, Ernst Pulgram wrote: It can only be hoped that ... there will arise ... men like Wagner: original thinkers, deep specialists, and great synthesizers of knowledge all at the same time.

Michelangelo Pira

4 Michelangelo Pira, più conosciuto in sardo come Mialinu Pira, è stato un giornalista, antropologo e scrittore italiano, è stato uno studioso della lingua sarda e dei suoi problemi.

Salvatore Satta

4 Salvatore Satta was an Italian jurist and writer. He is famous for the novel The Day of Judgment (1975), and for several important studies on civil law.

Francesco Alziator

4 Francesco Alziator was an Italian writer and journalist. He was concerned for much of his career with the preservation of traditional Sardinian culture, mainly of is hometown Cagliari.

Ugo Tognazzi

4 Ugo Tognazzi was an Italian actor, director, and screenwriter.                                     

Tamburino sardo

4 Il tamburino sardo è un personaggio del Risorgimento italiano raccontato in forma romanzata da Edmondo De Amicis nel libro Cuore, e di cui, a tutt'oggi, non si conosce la reale identità, né se sia realmente esistito. La storia vuole che, durante la prima guerra d'indipendenza, un giovanissimo tamburino italiano venga incaricato di consegnare un cruciale messaggio al comando italiano. Durante l'impresa il ragazzo viene colpito dagli Austriaci e perde l'uso di una gamba.

Giacomo Balla

4 Giacomo Balla was an Italian painter, art teacher and poet best known as a key proponent of Futurism. In his paintings, he depicted light, movement and speed. He was concerned with expressing movement in his works, but unlike other leading futurists he was not interested in machines or violence with his works tending towards the witty and whimsical.

James Cook

4 Captain James Cook was a British explorer, cartographer and naval officer famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and to New Zealand and Australia in particular. He made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific, during which he achieved the first recorded European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand.

Giuseppe Berto

4 Giuseppe Berto was an Italian writer and screenwriter. He is mostly known for his novels Il cielo è rosso and Il male oscuro.

Pompeo Marino Molmenti

4 Pompeo Marino Molmenti was an Italian painter.                                                     

Marie-José of Belgium

4 Marie-José of Belgium was the last Queen of Italy. Her 34-day tenure as queen consort earned her the nickname "the May Queen".

Francesco Cossiga

4 Francesco Maurizio Cossiga was an Italian politician. A member of Christian Democracy, he was prime minister of Italy from 1979 to 1980 and the president of Italy from 1985 to 1992. Cossiga is widely considered one of the most prominent and influential politicians of the First Italian Republic.

Arturo Labriola

4 Arturo Labriola was an Italian revolutionary syndicalist and socialist politician and journalist.   

Mariano Rumor

4 Mariano Rumor was an Italian politician and statesman. A member of the Christian Democracy (DC), he served as the 39th prime minister of Italy from December 1968 to August 1970 and again from July 1973 to November 1974. As prime minister, he led five different governments, supported by various coalitions.

Maria Domenica Mazzarello

4 Maria Domenica Mazzarello, FMA was the Roman Catholic Italian foundress of the Salesian Sisters.   

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

4 Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti was an Italian poet, editor, art theorist, and founder of the Futurist movement. He was associated with the utopian and Symbolist artistic and literary community Abbaye de Créteil between 1907 and 1908. Marinetti is best known as the author of the first Futurist Manifesto, which was written and published in 1909, and as a co-author of the Fascist Manifesto, in 1919.

Antonio Begarelli

4 Antonio Begarelli, also known as Begarino (1499–1565) was an Italian sculptor. In the 16th century, he was the dominant force in terracotta production in Modena.

Patrice Lumumba

4 Patrice Émery Lumumba, born Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa, was a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from June until September 1960, following the May 1960 election. He was the leader of the Congolese National Movement (MNC) from 1958 until his execution in January 1961. Ideologically an African nationalist and pan-Africanist, he played a significant role in the transformation of the Congo from a colony of Belgium into an independent republic.

Sandro Cabassi

4 Alessandro Cabassi, nome di battaglia "Franco", è stato un partigiano italiano.                     

Romulus of Fiesole

4 Saint Romulus of Fiesole was bishop of Fiesole during the 1st century. He is venerated as the patron saint of Fiesole, Italy. Romulus was probably a local deacon, priest, or bishop of the 1st century.

Giuseppe Compagnoni

4 Marco Giuseppe Compagnoni was an Italian constitutionalist, writer and journalist, considered the "father of the Italian flag", since he was the first to propose the official use of the Italian tricolour for the flag of a sovereign Italian state, the Cispadane Republic, on 7 January 1797.

Bartolo Nigrisoli

4 Bartolo Nigrisoli è stato un chirurgo italiano. Fu uno dei docenti universitari che rifiutarono il giuramento di fedeltà al regime fascista.

Giorgio Bassani

4 Giorgio Bassani was an Italian novelist, poet, essayist, editor, and international intellectual.   

Venantius of Camerino

4 Venantius of Camerino is the patron saint of Camerino, Italy and Raiano, Italy. Christian tradition holds that he was a 15-year-old who was tortured, and martyred by decapitation at Camerino during the persecutions of Decius. Martyred with him were 10 other Christians, including the priest Porphyrius, Venantius' tutor; and Leontius, bishop of Camerino.

Anna Maria Mozzoni

4 Anna Maria Mozzoni is commonly held as the founder of the woman's movement in Italy. One of the roles she is most known for is her pivotal involvement in gaining woman's suffrage in Italy.

Albertus Magnus

4 Albertus Magnus, also known as Saint Albert the Great, Albert of Swabia or Albert of Cologne, was a German Dominican friar, philosopher, scientist, and bishop, considered one of the greatest medieval philosophers and thinkers.

Gianfranco Miglio

4 Gianfranco Miglio was an Italian jurist, political scientist, and politician. He was a founder of the Federalist Party. For thirty years, he presided over the political science faculty of Milan's Università Cattolica. Later on in his life, he was elected as an independent member of the Parliament to the Italian Senate for Lega Nord. The supporters of Umberto Bossi's party called him Prufesùr, a Lombard nickname to remember his role.

Vito Fornari

4 Vito Fornari è stato un presbitero, scrittore, teologo e filosofo italiano.                         

Enzo Tortora

4 Enzo Tortora was an Italian television presenter on national RAI television, who was unjustly convicted of being a member of the Camorra and drug trafficking in 1985, and sentenced to 10 years in jail. He was acquitted of all charges by the Supreme Court of Cassation in 1987.

Johann Strauss II

4 Johann Baptist Strauss II, also known as Johann Strauss Jr., the Younger or the Son, was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas as well as a violinist. He composed over 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other types of dance music, as well as several operettas and a ballet. In his lifetime, he was known as "The Waltz King", and was largely responsible for the popularity of the waltz in Vienna during the 19th century. Some of Johann Strauss's most famous works include "The Blue Danube", "Kaiser-Walzer", "Tales from the Vienna Woods", "Frühlingsstimmen", and the "Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka". Among his operettas, Die Fledermaus and Der Zigeunerbaron are the best known.

Giovanni Carnovali

4 Giovanni Carnovali, known as Il Piccio, was an Italian painter.                                     

Edoardo Scarfoglio

4 Edoardo Scarfoglio was an Italian author and journalist, one of the early practitioners in Italian fiction of realism, a style of writing that embraced direct, colloquial language and rejected the more ornate style of earlier Italian literature.

Emanuele Gianturco

4 Emanuele Gianturco (1857–1907) was an Italian legal scholar and politician who held different cabinet posts, including minister of public works, minister of education and minister of justice. He was also a member of the Parliament of which he served as the vice president.

Luigi Polacchi

4 Luigi Polacchi è stato un poeta e scrittore italiano.                                               

Matteo Civitali

3 Matteo Civitali (1436–1501) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor and architect, painter and engineer from Lucca. He was a leading artistic personality of the Early Renaissance in Lucca, where he was born and where most of his work remains.

Francesco Saverio Altamura

3 Francesco Saverio Altamura was an Italian painter, known for Romantic style canvases depicting mainly historical events.

Saint Eustace

3 Saint Eustace is revered as a Christian martyr. According to legend, he was martyred in AD 118, at the command of emperor Hadrian. Eustace was a pagan Roman general, who converted to Christianity after he had a vision of the cross while hunting. He lost all his wealth, was separated from his wife and sons, and went into exile in Egypt. Called back to lead the Roman army by emperor Trajan, Eustace was happily reunited with his family and restored to high social standing, but after the death of Trajan, he and his family were martyred under Hadrian for refusing to sacrifice to pagan Roman gods.

Giovanni Rasori

3 Giovanni Rasori (1766–1837) was an Italian academic, physician and translator.                     

Ignazio Ciaia

3 Ignazio Ciaia è stato uno scrittore italiano, tra i protagonisti della Repubblica Napoletana del 1799.

Francesco Cherubini

3 Francesco Cherubini was a Catholic cardinal who served as Bishop of Senigallia.                     

Francesco Algarotti

3 Count Francesco Algarotti was an Italian polymath, philosopher, poet, essayist, anglophile, art critic and art collector. He was a man of broad knowledge, an expert in Newtonianism, architecture and opera. He was a friend of Frederick the Great and leading authors of his times: Voltaire, Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, Pierre-Louis de Maupertuis and the atheist Julien Offray de La Mettrie. Lord Chesterfield, Thomas Gray, George Lyttelton, Thomas Hollis, Metastasio, Benedict XIV and Heinrich von Brühl were among his correspondents.

Ippolito Rosellini

3 Niccola Francesco Ippolito Baldassarre Rosellini, known simply as Ippolito Rosellini was an Italian Egyptologist. A scholar and friend of Jean-François Champollion, he is regarded as the founder of Egyptology in Italy.

Domenico Rossetti

3 Domenico Rossetti was an Italian painter and engraver active mainly in Verona. He was known for his wood engravings and etchings.

Pope Anastasius I

3 Pope Anastasius I was the bishop of Rome from 27 November 399 to his death on 19 December 401.     

Gabrio Serbelloni

3 Gabriele Serbelloni, better known as Gabrio Serbelloni, was an Italian condottiero and general. A noble by birth, he achieved an even higher status through his military accomplishments as well as his family connections. He defended Asti against the French in 1551 and was made governor of Saluzzo after conquering the town. He was made Captain General of the Papal Guard in 1559 when one of his cousins was elected pope. Later he entered the service of Philip II of Spain, joined the Knights of Malta and received the title Prior of Hungary. He took part in the suppression of the Dutch Revolt in 1567 and captured Tunis in 1573. He was humiliated when the town was besieged and captured by Ottoman forces. He was later released in a prisoner of war exchange and eventually died in Milan.

Fillìa

3 Fillìa was the name adopted by Luigi Colombo, an Italian artist associated with the second generation of Futurism. Aside from painting, his works included interior design, architecture, furniture and decorative objects.

Nicola Porpora

3 Nicola Antonio Giacinto Porpora was an Italian composer and teacher of singing of the Baroque era, whose most famous singing students were the castrati Farinelli and Caffarelli. Other students included composers Johann Adolph Hasse, Matteo Capranica and Joseph Haydn.

Andrea Pisano

3 Andrea Pisano also known as Andrea da Pontedera, was an Italian sculptor and architect.             

Giovanni Antonio Scopoli

3 Giovanni Antonio Scopoli was an Italian physician and naturalist. His biographer Otto Guglia named him the "first anational European" and the "Linnaeus of the Austrian Empire".

Eugenio Prati

3 Eugenio Prati was a painter, active in the Trentino, Austria-Hungary, painting genre subjects.     

Genuzio Bentini

3 Genuzio Bentini è stato un avvocato e politico italiano socialista.                                 

Antonio Giuriolo

3 Antonio Giuriolo detto Capitan Toni è stato un partigiano italiano.                                 

Gaspare Aselli

3 Gaspare Aselli was an Italian physician noted for the discovery of the lacteal vessels of the lymphatic system. Aselli discovered the chylous vessels, and studied systematically the significance of these vascular structures.

Josip Broz Tito

3 Josip Broz, commonly known as Tito, was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. He also served as prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.

Domenico Annibali

3 Domenico Annibali was an Italian castrato who had an active international career from 1725–1764. He began his career in his native country and was then committed to the Grosses Königliches Opernhaus in Dresden from 1729 until his retirement from the stage 35 years later. In Dresden he excelled in the operas of Johann Adolph Hasse, notably creating roles in the premieres of two of his operas. He was also admired there in works by Nicola Porpora.

Katharina Lanz

3 Katharina Lanz, anche nota come Caterina Lanz, fu una leggendaria eroina tirolese del XVIII secolo e la cui reale esistenza storica o la cui effettiva partecipazione agli eventi è oggetto di discussione.

Sergio Cavina

3 Sergio Cavina è stato un politico italiano.                                                         

Antonio Bello

3 Antonio Bello was an Italian Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi from 1982 until his death from cancer in 1993. Bello studied in various colleges and seminaries in places such as Bologna and Rome before being named to several positions in his region where he served as a priest. He was later made a bishop and became known for his eloquent teaching and for his pastoral sensitivities while being noted for his emphasis on greater diocesan participation on the part of the faithful. Bello also was a member of the Secular Franciscan Order and was a vocal critic of international conflicts such as the Gulf War.

Tito Minniti

3 Tito Minniti was an Italian pilot who was killed during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War in 1935 near Degehabur. It is unknown whether he died in combat or after being captured by Ethiopian forces. His death and alleged torture became an atrocity story proffered by the Italian government to justify their use of mustard gas against Ethiopian civilians. Minniti was posthumously decorated with the Italian Gold Medal of Valour.

Carlo Maratta

3 Carlo Maratta or Maratti was an Italian painter, active mostly in Rome, and known principally for his classicizing paintings executed in a Late Baroque Classical manner. Although he is part of the classical tradition stemming from Raphael, he was not exempt from the influence of Baroque painting and particularly in his use of colour. His contemporary and friend, Giovanni Bellori, wrote an early biography on Maratta.

Barnaba Oriani

3 Barnaba Oriani was an Italian priest, geodesist, astronomer and scientist.                         

Vilfredo Pareto

3 Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto was an Italian polymath, whose areas of interest included sociology, civil engineering, economics, political science, and philosophy. He made several important contributions to economics, particularly in the study of income distribution and in the analysis of individuals' choices. He was also responsible for popularising the use of the term "elite" in social analysis.

Federico Faruffini

3 Federico Faruffini (1833–1869) was an Italian painter and engraver of historical subjects, in a style that combines the styles and themes of Realism with the diffuse outlines and lively colors of Scapigliatura painters.

Giovanni Migliara

3 Giovanni Migliara (October 15, 1785 in Alessandria – April 18, 1837 in Milan), was a nobleman and Italian painter active at the beginning of the 19th century, painting vedute and history paintings.

Camillo Olivetti

3 Samuel David Camillo Olivetti was an Italian electrical engineer and founder of Olivetti & Co., SpA., the Italian manufacturer of computers, printers and other business machines. The company was later run by his son Adriano.

Gioacchino Toma

3 Gioacchino Toma was an Italian art instructor and painter, noted primarily for historic, realistic and genre subjects in a Romantic style.

Marco d'Agrate

3 Marco d'Agrate was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance period, active mainly in Lombardy, Italy. 

Giorgio Strehler

3 Giorgio Strehler was an Italian stage director, theatre practitioner, actor and politician.         

Giuseppe Saredo

3 Giuseppe Saredo è stato un giurista e politico italiano.                                           

Giuseppe Rensi

3 Giuseppe Rensi was an Italian philosopher.                                                         

Monaldo Calari

3 Monaldo Calari è stato un partigiano italiano. Medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria.       

Giacomo Chilesotti

3 Giacomo Chilesotti, nome di battaglia "Loris" o "Nettuno", è stato un partigiano e antifascista italiano, medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria.

Renato Simoni

3 Renato Simoni was an Italian journalist, playwright, writer and theatrical critic noted for his collaboration work with Giuseppe Adami for Giacomo Puccini's Turandot.

Giovanni Bettolo

3 Giovanni Bettolo è stato un politico e ammiraglio italiano e deputato del Regno d'Italia. Fu presidente del CNGEI.

Francesco Negri (travel writer)

3 Francesco Negri was an Italian Catholic priest who, during 1663–1666, travelled in Scandinavia. In 1670, he published an account of his travels entitled Viaggio settentrionale.

Valeria of Milan

3 Valeria of Milan, or Valérie, according to Christian tradition, was the wife of Vitalis of Milan and the mother of Gervasius and Protasius.

Alfonso Casati

3 Alfonso Casati è stato un militare italiano, insignito della medaglia d'oro al valor militare per la sua attività durante la Resistenza.

Fabio Massimo Castaldo

3 Fabio Massimo Castaldo is an Italian politician who has served in the European Parliament since 2014. On 15 November 2017, he was elected Vice-President of the European Parliament; in doing so, he replaced Alexander Graf Lambsdorff and became the youngest vice-president in the history of the institution. As a member of the European Parliament (MEP), he sat on the Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy parliamentary group from 1 July 2014 to 15 October 2014, and again from 20 October 2014 and 1 July 2019, and was a non-attached member (Non-Inscrits) from 16 October 2014 to 19 October 2014.

Bernardino Varisco

3 Bernardino Varisco, was an Italian philosopher and a professor of Theoretical Philosophy at the University of Rome La Sapienza from 1905 to 1925.

Alfeo Corassori

3 Alfeo Corassori è stato un politico italiano.                                                       

Isabella di Morra

3 Isabella di Morra was an Italian poet of the Renaissance. An unknown figure in her lifetime, she was forced by her brothers to live in isolation, which estranged her from courts and literary salons. While living in solitude in her castle, she produced a body of work which did not circulate in the literary milieu of the time. Her brothers eventually murdered her for her suspected secret romance.

Francesco Anzani

3 Francesco Anzani è stato un patriota e militare italiano.                                           

Severus Alexander

3 Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, also known as Alexander Severus, was Roman emperor from 222 until 235. The last emperor from the Severan dynasty, he succeeded his slain cousin Elagabalus in 222, at the age of 13. Alexander himself was eventually assassinated, and his death marked the beginning of the events of the Crisis of the Third Century, which included nearly fifty years of civil war, foreign invasion, and the collapse of the monetary economy.

Giacomo Mancini

3 Giacomo Mancini was an Italian politician and lawyer.                                               

Tommaso Dal Molin

3 Tommaso Dal Molin was an Italian fighter pilot and internationally prominent seaplane air racer and aerobatic pilot of the 1920s.

Paolo Braccini

3 Paolo Braccini "Verdi" è stato un partigiano e antifascista italiano, insignito con la Medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria.

Goffredo Casalis

3 Goffredo Casalis è stato un abate e storico italiano.                                               

Gregorio Barbarigo

3 Gregorio Giovanni Gaspare Barbarigo was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal who served as the Bishop of Bergamo and later as the Bishop of Padua. He was a frontrunner in both the 1689 and 1691 papal conclaves as he had distinguished himself for his diplomatic and scholastic service. He became noted as a scholar for his distinguished learning and as an able pastor for his careful attention to pastoral initiatives and frequent parish visitations.

Simón Bolívar

3 Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire. He is known colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator of America.

Melchiorre Cesarotti

3 Melchiorre Cesarotti was an Italian poet, translator and theorist.                                 

Giuseppe Moruzzi

3 Giuseppe Moruzzi was an Italian neurophysiologist. He was one of three scientists who connected wakefulness to a series of brain structures known as the reticular activating system, and his work reframed sleep as an active process in the brain rather than a passive one. He received the Karl Spencer Lashley Award from the American Philosophical Society and the Feltrinelli Prize from the Accademia dei Lincei.

Joseph-Louis Lagrange

3 Joseph-Louis Lagrange, also reported as Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange or Lagrangia, was an Italian mathematician, physicist and astronomer, later naturalized French. He made significant contributions to the fields of analysis, number theory, and both classical and celestial mechanics.

Antonio Cesari

3 Antonio Cesari è stato un linguista, scrittore e letterato italiano.                               

Francisco Ferrer

3 Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia, widely known as Francisco Ferrer, was a Spanish radical freethinker, anarchist, and educationist behind a network of secular, private, libertarian schools in and around Barcelona. His execution, following a revolt in Barcelona, propelled Ferrer into martyrdom and grew an international movement of radicals and libertarians, who established schools in his model and promoted his schooling approach.

Arnoldo Mondadori

3 Arnoldo Mondadori was a noted Italian publisher.                                                   

Guido Gonella

3 Guido Gonella was an Italian politician from the Christian Democracy, former Minister of Public Education and Minister of Justice.

Luigi Vittorio Bertarelli

3 Luigi Vittorio Bertarelli è stato un geografo e speleologo italiano.                               

Francesco Selmi

3 Francesco Selmi was an Italian chemist and patriot, one of the founders of colloid chemistry.       

Ferruccio Garavaglia

3 Ferruccio Garavaglia è stato un attore italiano di teatro e cinema muto.                           

Dino Buzzati

3 Dino Buzzati-Traverso was an Italian novelist, short story writer, painter and poet, as well as a journalist for Corriere della Sera. His worldwide fame is mostly due to his novel The Tartar Steppe, although he is also known for his well-received collections of short stories.

Gino Cervi

3 Luigi Cervi, better known as Gino Cervi, was an Italian actor. He was best known for portraying Peppone in a series of comedies based on the character Don Camillo (1952–1965), and police detective Jules Maigret on the television series Le inchieste del commissario Maigret (1964–1972).

Alessandro Stoppato

3 Alessandro Francesco Luigi Stoppato è stato un avvocato e politico italiano.                       

Carlo Cignani

3 Carlo Cignani was an Italian painter. His innovative style referred to as his 'new manner' introduced a reflective, intimate mood of painting and presaged the later pictures of Guido Reni and Guercino, as well as those of Simone Cantarini. This gentle manner marked a break with the more energetic style of earlier Bolognese classicism of the Bolognese School of painting.

Elisabetta Sirani

3 Elisabetta Sirani was an Italian Baroque painter and printmaker who died in unexplained circumstances at the age of 27. She was one of the first women artists in early modern Bologna, who established an academy for other women artists.

Francesco Arcangeli

3 Francesco Arcangeli was an Italian cook and criminal, the murderer of the famous art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768).

Gaetano Pilati

3 Gaetano Pilati è stato un politico italiano.                                                       

Molière

3 Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, known by his stage name Molière, was a French playwright, actor, and poet, widely regarded as one of the great writers in the French language and world literature. His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, and more. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed at the Comédie-Française more often than those of any other playwright today. His influence is such that the French language is often referred to as the "language of Molière".

Edoardo Ferravilla

3 Edoardo Ferravilla è stato un attore e commediografo italiano del teatro e del cinema muto.         

Giovanni Bertini

3 Giovanni "Giovannone" Bertini was an Italian professional footballer who played as a defender.     

Serafino Calindri

3 Serafino Calindri è stato uno storico, presbitero e ingegnere idraulico italiano.                   

Angelo Venturoli

3 Angelo Venturoli was an Italian architect.                                                         

Eustachio Manfredi

3 Eustachio Manfredi was an Italian mathematician, astronomer and poet.                               

Giulio Cesare Croce

3 Giulio Cesare Croce (1550–1609) was an Italian writer, actor/producer of cantastoria and enigma writer.

Francesco Rizzoli

3 Francesco Rizzoli was an Italian politician, surgeon and physician, considered one of the fathers of modern orthopedics. Doctor Joseph Ruggi speaks of him in his 1924 memoirs: "During the intervention he was in such a state that he was screaming like a madman, sustaining and railing against his assistants who were confused and upset [...] while the patient, who was awake, shouted from his lungs, unheeded, throwing insults at the surgeon and his assistants."

Angelo Mariani (chemist)

3 Angelo Mariani or Ange-François Mariani was a French chemist and entrepreneur from the island of Corsica. He was born in Pero-Casevecchie, Haute-Corse.

Vincenzo Gemito

3 Vincenzo Gemito was an Italian sculptor and artist.                                                 

Alessandro Bonci

3 Alessandro Bonci was an Italian lyric tenor known internationally for his association with the bel canto repertoire. He sang at many famous theatres, including New York's Metropolitan Opera, Milan's La Scala and London's Royal Opera House, Covent Garden.

Alessandro Codivilla

3 Alessandro Codivilla was an Italian surgeon from Bologna and head of the surgical department of the hospital of Castiglion Fiorentino, known for his work in orthopaedics and first describing the pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Giovanni Marchetti

3 Giovanni Marchetti was a Roman Catholic archbishop of Italy. He was also Roman Catholic Titular Archbishop of Ancyra.

Severino Ferrari

3 Severino Ferrari è stato un poeta e critico letterario italiano.                                   

Giovanni Gozzadini

3 Giovanni Gozzadini was an Italian archaeologist.                                                   

Francesco Albergati Capacelli

3 Francesco Albergati Capacelli was an Italian writer and playwright.                                 

Ivo Lollini

3 Ivo Lollini è stato un militare italiano, decorato con la medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria nel corso della prima guerra mondiale.

Livio Zambeccari

3 Livio Zambeccari was a risorgimento activist and, for his admirers, hero. He was involved, sometimes on the frontline, in various liberation wars and skirmishes that marked the Italian struggle for independence between 1821 and 1860. He was, through much of his life, frequently forced into exile by the authorities. Between 1826 and 1840 he was active on the side of liberalism and nationalism in South America where he participated in several major wars. Zambeccari's courage and commitment to the liberation cause were beyond doubt, but among more thoughtful comrades he nevertheless suffered from a reputation as an outspoken and impulsive buffoon. Felice Orsini wrote: "Zambeccari is a very close friend, but be in no doubt that when danger threatens, in those situations where military insight and resolve are needed, it is unfortunately the case that he is useless. That is a great pity, because the man is devoted to his country."

Alberto Bergamini

3 Alberto Bergamini è stato un giornalista e politico italiano.                                       

Errico Malatesta

3 Errico Malatesta was an Italian anarchist propagandist and revolutionary socialist. He edited several radical newspapers and spent much of his life exiled and imprisoned, having been jailed and expelled from Italy, Britain, France, and Switzerland. Originally a supporter of insurrectionary propaganda by deed, Malatesta later advocated for syndicalism. His exiles included five years in Europe and 12 years in Argentina. Malatesta participated in actions including an 1895 Spanish revolt and a Belgian general strike. He toured the United States, giving lectures and founding the influential anarchist journal La Questione Sociale. After World War I, he returned to Italy where his Umanità Nova had some popularity before its closure under the rise of Mussolini.

Rinaldo Rigola

3 Rinaldo Rigola was an Italian socialist politician who served as the founding secretary general of the General Confederation of Labour in 1906.

Septimius Severus

3 Lucius Septimius Severus was a Roman politician who served as emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through the customary succession of offices under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Severus was the final contender to seize power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 during the Year of the Five Emperors.

Antonio Zanchi

3 Antonio Zanchi was an Italian painter of the Baroque, active mainly in Venice, but his prolific works can also be seen in Padova, Treviso, Rovigo, Verona, Vicenza, Loreto, Brescia, Milano, and Bergamo, as well as Bavaria.

Vincenzo Manfredini

3 Vincenzo Manfredini was an Italian composer, harpsichordist and a music theorist.                   

Thecla

3 Thecla was a saint of the early Christian Church, and a reported follower of Paul the Apostle. The earliest record of her life comes from the ancient apocryphal Acts of Paul and Thecla.

Enrico Mayer

3 Enrico Mayer è stato un pedagogista e scrittore italiano, di origine franco-tedesca.               

Giovanni Roveda

3 Giovanni Roveda was an Italian trade union leader, communist politician and anti-fascist activist. 

Barnabas

3 Barnabas, born Joseph (Ἰωσήφ) or Joses (Ἰωσής), was according to tradition an early Christian, one of the prominent Christian disciples in Jerusalem. According to Acts 4:36, Barnabas was a Cypriot Jew. Named an apostle in Acts 14:14, he and Paul the Apostle undertook missionary journeys together and defended Gentile converts against the Judaizers. They traveled together making more converts, and participated in the Council of Jerusalem. Barnabas and Paul successfully evangelized among the "God-fearing" Gentiles who attended synagogues in various Hellenized cities of Anatolia.

Vincenzo Scamozzi

3 Vincenzo Scamozzi was an Italian architect and a writer on architecture, active mainly in Vicenza and Republic of Venice area in the second half of the 16th century. He was perhaps the most important figure there between Andrea Palladio, whose unfinished projects he inherited at Palladio's death in 1580, and Baldassarre Longhena, Scamozzi's only pupil.

Ignazio Danti

3 Ignazio Danti, O.P., born Pellegrino Rainaldi Danti, was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate, mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer, who served as Bishop of Alatri (1583–1586).

Giuseppina Strepponi

3 Clelia Maria Giuseppa (Giuseppina) Strepponi was a nineteenth-century Italian operatic soprano of great renown and the second wife of composer Giuseppe Verdi.

Gaius Mucius Scaevola

3 Gaius Mucius Cordus, better known with his later cognomen Scaevola, was an ancient Roman youth, possibly mythical, famous for his bravery.

Gabriele Foschiatti

3 Gabriele Foschiatti è stato un militare, partigiano e antifascista italiano. Fu un irredentista mazziniano che legò il suo nome alle vicende storiche riguardanti l'impresa di Fiume, guidata da Gabriele D'Annunzio, e l'antifascismo giuliano durante la seconda guerra mondiale.

Victor Hugo

3 Victor-Marie Hugo, vicomte Hugo, sometimes nicknamed the Ocean Man, was a French Romantic writer and politician. During a literary career that spanned more than sixty years, he wrote in a variety of genres and forms.

Jerome

3 Jerome, also known as Jerome of Stridon, was an early Christian priest, confessor, theologian, translator, and historian; he is commonly known as Saint Jerome.

Cesare Rossi (politician)

3 Cesare Rossi was an Italian fascist leader who later became estranged from the regime.             

Óscar Romero

3 Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez was a prelate of the Catholic Church in El Salvador. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of San Salvador, the Titular Bishop of Tambeae, as Bishop of Santiago de María, and finally as the fourth Archbishop of San Salvador. As archbishop, Romero spoke out against social injustice and violence amid the escalating conflict between the military government and left-wing insurgents that led to the Salvadoran Civil War. In 1980, Romero was shot by an assassin while celebrating Mass. Though no one was ever convicted for the crime, investigations by the UN-created Truth Commission for El Salvador concluded that Major Roberto D'Aubuisson, a death squad leader and later founder of the right-wing Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) political party, had ordered the killing.

Sigismondo Malatesta

3 Sigismondo Malatesta was an Italian condottiero.                                                   

Baccio Bandinelli

3 Baccio Bandinelli, was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, draughtsman, and painter.                   

Ulrich of Augsburg

3 Ulrich of Augsburg, sometimes spelled Uodalric or Odalrici, was Prince-Bishop of Augsburg in the Holy Roman Empire. He was the first saint to be canonized not by a local authority but by the pope.

Giuseppe Colombo

3 Giuseppe "Bepi" Colombo was an Italian scientist, mathematician and engineer at the University of Padua, Italy.

Giuseppe Musio

3 Giuseppe Musio è stato un magistrato e politico italiano.                                           

Enrico Bottini

3 Enrico Bottini è stato un chirurgo e politico italiano.                                             

Felice Bellotti

3 Felice Gaetano Maria Bellotti è stato uno scrittore, poeta e traduttore italiano, particolarmente noto per le versioni dal greco delle tragedie di Eschilo, Euripide e Sofocle.

Gabriele Camozzi

3 Gabriele Camozzi è stato un patriota e politico italiano.                                           

Bartolomeo Borghesi

3 Bartolomeo Borghesi was an Italian antiquarian who was a key figure in establishing the science of numismatics.

Luigi Federico Menabrea

3 Luigi Federico Menabrea, later made 1st Count Menabrea and 1st Marquess of Valdora, was an Italian statesman, general, diplomat, and mathematician who served as the seventh prime minister of Italy from 1867 to 1869.

Bartolomeo Avanzini

3 Bartolomeo Avanzini (1608–1658) was an Italian architect of the Baroque period, active mainly in Modena, Sassuolo and Reggio Emilia.

Jacopo Foroni

3 Jacopo Foroni was an Italian opera composer and conductor who spent most of his working life in Sweden.

Emilio Caldara

3 Emilio Caldara was an Italian Socialist Party politician. He was also a member of the Unitary Socialist Party. He was mayor of Milan.

Alessandro Stradella

3 Antonio Alessandro Boncompagno Stradella was an Italian composer of the middle Baroque period. He enjoyed a dazzling career as a freelance composer, writing on commission, and collaborating with distinguished poets, producing over three hundred works in a variety of genres.

Gerardus Mercator

3 Gerardus Mercator was a Flemish geographer, cosmographer and cartographer. He is most renowned for creating the 1569 world map based on a new projection which represented sailing courses of constant bearing as straight lines—an innovation that is still employed in nautical charts.

Girolamo Baruffaldi

3 Girolamo Baruffaldi was an Italian historian who wrote a biography of artists active in Ferrara.   

Olindo Malagodi

3 Olindo Malagodi è stato uno scrittore, giornalista e politico italiano.                             

Benedetto Castelli

3 Benedetto Castelli, born Antonio Castelli, was an Italian mathematician. Benedetto was his name in religion on entering the Benedictine Order in 1595.

Giovanni Battista Amici

3 Giovanni Battista Amici was an Italian astronomer, microscopist, and botanist.                     

Italo Balbo

3 Italo Balbo was an Italian fascist politician and Blackshirts' leader who served as Italy's Marshal of the Air Force, Governor-General of Italian Libya and Commander-in-Chief of Italian North Africa. Due to his young age, he was sometimes seen as a possible successor to dictator Benito Mussolini.

Giovanni Battista Niccolini

3 Giovanni Battista Niccolini was an Italian poet and playwright of the Italian unification movement or Risorgimento.

Paolo Monelli

3 Paolo Monelli è stato un giornalista, scrittore e militare italiano.                               

Gian Giorgio Trissino

3 Gian Giorgio Trissino, also called Giovan Giorgio Trissino and self-styled as Giovan Giωrgio Trissino, was a Venetian Renaissance humanist, poet, dramatist, diplomat, grammarian, linguist, and philosopher.

Victor Amadeus II

3 Victor Amadeus II was the head of the House of Savoy and ruler of the Savoyard states from 12 June 1675 until his abdication in 1730. He was the first of his house to acquire a royal crown, ruling first as King of Sicily (1713–1720) and then as King of Sardinia (1720–1730). Among his other titles were Duke of Savoy, Duke of Montferrat, Prince of Piedmont, Marquis of Saluzzo and Count of Aosta, Maurienne and Nice.

Fratelli Ruffini

3 I fratelli Ruffini furono tre patrioti genovesi.Agostino Ruffini Giovanni Ruffini Jacopo Ruffini  

Antonio Beltramelli

3 Antonio Beltramelli è stato uno scrittore e giornalista italiano.                                   

Gaspare Finali

3 Gaspare Finali (1829–1914) was an Italian academic and politician who held various cabinet posts, including minister of agriculture and commerce. He was also a member of the Parliament.

Ernesto Balducci

3 Ernesto Balducci è stato un presbitero, editore, scrittore e intellettuale italiano.               

Giovanni Collina

3 Giovanni Collina è stato un artista italiano.                                                       

Tito Maccio Plauto

3 Tito Maccio Plauto è stato un commediografo romano.                                                 

John the Good (bishop of Milan)

3 John the Good was Archbishop of Milan from c. 641 to 669. He is honoured as a Saint in the Catholic Church and his feast day is on January 2.

Learco Guerra

3 Learco Guerra was an Italian professional road racing cyclist. The highlight of his career was his overall win in the 1934 Giro d'Italia. He was born in San Nicolò Po, a frazione of Bagnolo San Vito in Lombardy, gained the nickname of "Human Locomotive" for his enduring quality in plain stages. After mediocre attempts to play football, Guerra became a professional cyclist in 1928, at 26. The following year he became Italian champion, racing as an independent or semi-professional.

Antonino Scopelliti

3 Antonino Scopelliti was an Italian prosecuting magistrate, murdered by the 'Ndrangheta on behalf of the Sicilian Mafia.

Ambrogio Contarini

3 Ambrogio Contarini was a Venetian nobleman, merchant and diplomat known for an account of his travel to Iran.

Anton Moro

3 Anton Lazzaro Moro was an Italian abbot, geologist and naturalist. He was one of the leading advocates of plutonism in the early debate that confronted plutonism to neptunism, making him described by some authors as an ultraplutonist. He was the first to discriminate sedimentary rocks from volcanic ones by studying the rocks of volcanic islands. In his study of the crustaceans, he discovered fossils petrified in mountains that led him to deduce those rocks were once buried in the sea.

Taddeo Gaddi

3 Taddeo Gaddi was a medieval Italian painter and architect.                                         

Perpetua and Felicity

3 Perpetua and Felicity were Christian martyrs of the third century. Vibia Perpetua was a recently married, well-educated noblewoman, said to have been 22 years old at the time of her death, and mother of an infant son she was nursing. Felicity, a slave woman imprisoned with her and pregnant at the time, was martyred with her. They were put to death along with others at Carthage in the Roman province of Africa.

Andrea del Castagno

3 Andrea del Castagno or Andrea di Bartolo di Bargilla was an Italian Renaissance painter in Florence, influenced chiefly by Masaccio and Giotto di Bondone. His works include frescoes in Sant'Apollonia in Florence and the painted equestrian monument of Niccolò da Tolentino (1456) in Florence Cathedral. He in turn influenced the Ferrarese school of Cosmè Tura, Francesco del Cossa and Ercole de' Roberti.

Carlo Bini

3 Carlo Bini è stato uno scrittore, patriota e traduttore italiano.                                   

Cristoforo Landino

3 Cristoforo Landino was an Italian humanist and an important figure of the Florentine Renaissance.   

Gaspero Barbera

3 Gaspero Barbèra è stato un editore e tipografo italiano.                                           

Giulio Bechi

3 Giulio Bechi, noto anche con lo pseudonimo di Miles, è stato un ufficiale e scrittore italiano.     

Lucilio Vanini

3 Lucilio Vanini, who, in his works, styled himself Giulio Cesare Vanini, was an Italian philosopher, physician and free-thinker, who was one of the first significant representatives of intellectual libertinism. He was among the first modern thinkers who viewed the universe as an entity governed by natural laws. He was also an early literate proponent of biological evolution, maintaining that humans and other apes have common ancestors. He was executed in Toulouse.

Fibonacci

3 Fibonacci, also known as Leonardo Bonacci, Leonardo of Pisa, or Leonardo Bigollo Pisano, was an Italian mathematician from the Republic of Pisa, considered to be "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages".

Luigi Pulci

3 Luigi Pulci was an Italian diplomat and poet best known for his Morgante, an epic and parodistic poem about a giant who is converted to Christianity by Orlando and follows the knight in many adventures.

Paolo Mascagni

3 Paolo Mascagni was an Italian physician and anatomist. He is most well known for publishing the first complete description of the lymphatic system.

Scipione Ammirato

3 Scipione Ammirato was an Italian author, philosopher and historian who lived during the Renaissance. He is regarded as an important figure in the history of political thought.

Spinello Aretino

3 Spinello Aretino was an Italian painter from Arezzo, who was active in Tuscany at the end of the 14th and the first decennium of the 15th century. His style influenced the development of late 14th- and early 15th-century painting in Tuscany.

Pellegrino Artusi

3 Pellegrino Artusi was an Italian businessman and writer, best known as the author of the 1891 cookbook La scienza in cucina e l'arte di mangiar bene.

Pietro Annigoni

3 Pietro Annigoni, OMRI was an Italian artist, portrait painter, fresco painter and medallist, best known for his painted portraits of Queen Elizabeth II. His work was in the Renaissance tradition, contrasting with the modernist style that prevailed in his time.

Adelina Patti

3 Adelina Patti was an Italian opera singer. At the height of her career, she was earning huge fees performing in the music capitals of Europe and America. She first sang in public as a child in 1851, and gave her last performance before an audience in 1914. Along with her near contemporaries Jenny Lind and Thérèse Tietjens, Patti remains one of the most famous sopranos in history, owing to the purity and beauty of her lyrical voice and the unmatched quality of her bel canto technique.

Agostino di Duccio

3 Agostino di Duccio was an early Renaissance Italian sculptor.                                       

Antonio Vallisneri

3 Antonio Vallisneri, also rendered as Antonio Vallisnieri, was an Italian medical scientist, physician and naturalist.

Ardengo Soffici

3 Ardengo Soffici was an Italian writer, painter, poet, sculptor and intellectual.                   

Benedetto da Maiano

3 Benedetto da Maiano was an Italian Early Renaissance sculptor.                                     

Charles I of Anjou

3 Charles I, commonly called Charles of Anjou or Charles d'Anjou, was a member of the royal Capetian dynasty and the founder of the second House of Anjou. He was Count of Provence (1246–1285) and Forcalquier in the Holy Roman Empire, Count of Anjou and Maine (1246–1285) in France; he was also King of Sicily (1266–1285) and Prince of Achaea (1278–1285). In 1272, he was proclaimed King of Albania, and in 1277 he purchased a claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari

3 Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari was an Italian composer and teacher. He is best known for his comic operas such as Il segreto di Susanna (1909). A number of his works were based on plays by Carlo Goldoni, including Le donne curiose (1903), I quatro rusteghi (1906) and Il campiello (1936).

Ferdinando Paolieri

3 Ferdinando Paolieri è stato uno scrittore, poeta e commediografo italiano.                         

Francesco Furini

3 Francesco Furini was an Italian Baroque painter of Florence, noted for his sensual sfumato style in paintings of both secular and religious subjects.

Francesco Geminiani

3 Francesco Xaverio Geminiani was an Italian violinist, composer, and music theorist. BBC Radio 3 once described him as "now largely forgotten, but in his time considered almost a musical god, deemed to be the equal of Handel and Corelli."

Giovanni Sgambati

3 Giovanni Sgambati was an Italian pianist and composer.                                             

Girolamo Fracastoro

3 Girolamo Fracastoro was an Italian physician, poet, and scholar in mathematics, geography and astronomy. Fracastoro subscribed to the philosophy of atomism, and rejected appeals to hidden causes in scientific investigation. His studies of the mode of syphilis transmission are an early example of epidemiology.

Guido Guerra

3 Guido Guerra V (1220-1272) was a politician from Florence, Italy. Aligned with the Guelph faction, Guerra had a prominent role in the political conflicts of mid-thirteenth century Tuscany. He was admired by Dante Alighieri, who granted him honor in the Divine Comedy, even though he placed Guerra in Hell among sinners of sodomy.

Lapo Gianni

3 Lapo Gianni was an Italian poet who lived in Florence in the 13th-14th centuries. He was a member of the Florentine circle of the Italian movement called Dolce Stil Novo, and was probably a notary. His composition are distinguished for lightness and originality. Of him eleven ballads and six songs remain. Lapo Gianni is also cited by Dante Alighieri in the famous 9th sonnet of the Rhymes.

Libero Andreotti

3 Libero Andreotti was an Italian artist and educator, known as a sculptor, illustrator, and ceramics artist. He is often referred to as, "one of the foremost artists and sculptors of the early-twentieth century".

Luca Giordano

3 Luca Giordano was an Italian late-Baroque painter and printmaker in etching. Fluent and decorative, he worked successfully in Naples, Rome, Florence, and Venice, before spending a decade in Spain.

Maria Malibran

3 Maria Felicia Malibran was a Spanish singer who commonly sang both contralto and soprano parts, and was one of the best-known opera singers of the 19th century. Malibran was known for her stormy personality and dramatic intensity, becoming a legendary figure after her death in Manchester, England, at age 28. Contemporary accounts of her voice describe its range, power and flexibility as extraordinary.

Mario Calderara

3 Mario Calderara è stato un inventore e aviatore italiano.                                           

Nino Oxilia

3 Nino Oxilia was an Italian playwright, screenwriter and film director. His 1911 play Goodbye Youth was turned into several films. He also wrote the first lyrics for the song "Giovinezza" in 1909. He died in combat during the First World War.

Ottaviano-Fabrizio Mossotti

3 Ottaviano-Fabrizio Mossotti was an Italian physicist who was exiled from Italy for his liberal ideas. During the First Italian War of Independence he led a "battalion of students," part of a delegation from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. He later taught astronomy and physics at the University of Buenos Aires. His name is associated with a type of multiple-element lens for correcting spherical aberration and coma, but not chromatic aberration. His studies on dielectrics led to important results: the Clausius-Mossotti formula is partly named after him, and his views on dielectric behavior helped lead James Clerk Maxwell to devise his theory of the displacement current, which led in turn to the theoretical prediction of electromagnetic waves.

Raffaello Sernesi

3 Raffaello Sernesi was an Italian painter and medallist associated with the Macchiaioli group.       

Ruggero Ruggeri

3 Ruggero Ruggeri was an Italian stage and film actor. Ruggeri was a celebrated theatre actor, appearing alongside Lyda Borelli on stage in 1909. From 1914 onward he sporadically made films in both the silent and sound eras.

Ferdinando Zannetti

3 Ferdinando Zannetti è stato un medico e chirurgo italiano. È soprattutto famoso per aver curato la gamba di Giuseppe Garibaldi.

Pietro Grocco

3 Pietro Grocco was an Italian physician.                                                             

Francesco Carletti

3 Francesco Carletti (1573–1636) was a Florentine merchant, explorer and writer.                     

Piero Capponi

3 Piero Capponi was an Italian statesman and military leader from Florence; he is celebrated for his bold defiance of the King of France in 1494.

Pietro Thouar

3 Pietro Thouar è stato uno scrittore italiano.                                                       

Stefano Ussi

3 Stefano Ussi was an Italian painter, known first for his history paintings, and later for depicting Orientalist, mostly Arabian and Moroccan subjects.

Odoardo Borrani

3 Odoardo Borrani was an Italian painter associated with the Macchiaioli group.                       

Niccolò Piccinni

3 Niccolò Piccinni was an Italian composer of symphonies, sacred music, chamber music, and opera. Although he is somewhat obscure today, Piccinni was one of the most popular composers of opera—particularly the Neapolitan opera buffa—of the Classical period.

Francesco Zambeccari

3 Count Francesco Zambeccari was an Italian aviation pioneer. He was killed in a ballooning accident. 

Mario de Bernardi

3 Mario de Bernardi (1893–1959) was an Italian World War I fighter pilot, seaplane air racer of the 1920s, and test pilot of early Italian experimental jets.

Liborio Romano

3 Liborio Romano was an Italian politician.                                                           

Giuseppe Di Vagno

3 Giuseppe Di Vagno è stato un politico italiano, primo parlamentare italiano vittima del fascismo.   

Konrad Adenauer

3 Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer was a German statesman who served as the first chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1963. From 1946 to 1966, he was the first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a new founded Christian-democratic party, which became the dominant force in the country under his leadership.

Giuseppe Longhi

3 Giuseppe Maria Longhi was an Italian painter and engraver, in the Neo-Classical style.             

Antonio Cantore

3 Antonio Tomaso Cantore è stato un generale italiano, comandante di battaglione durante la guerra italo-turca; divenne generale di divisione allo scoppio della prima guerra mondiale. Fu colpito a morte durante una ricognizione sulla prima linea del fronte sulla Forcella Fontana Negra, diventando il primo comandante di alto grado del Regio Esercito a cadere durante il conflitto. Ricevette la medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria.

Giuseppe Palmieri

3 Giuseppe Palmieri may refer to:Giuseppe Palmieri (athlete) (1902-1989), Italian high jumper and javelin thrower Giuseppe Palmieri (economist) (1721–1793), Italian economist and politician of the 18th century Giuseppe Palmieri (painter), (1674-1740), Italian painter of the late Baroque period

Dante Di Nanni

3 Dante Di Nanni è stato un partigiano italiano, insignito della Medaglia d'oro al valor militare.   

Giovanni Guidiccioni

3 Giovanni Guidiccioni was an Italian poet and a Catholic bishop of Fossombrone.                     

Raffaele Merelli

3 Raffaele Merelli è stato un militare italiano, insignito della Medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria per il coraggio dimostrato in combattimento durante l'ottava battaglia dell'Isonzo.

Benigno Crespi

3 Benigno Crespi è stato un imprenditore italiano.                                                   

Giuseppe Castelli

3 Giuseppe Castelli was an Italian athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres.                     

Luigi Gabelli

3 Luigi Gabelli è stato un militare e aviatore italiano, decorato di Medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria nel corso delle operazioni di stabilizzazione dell'Africa Orientale Italiana.

Jacopo Durandi

3 Jacopo Durandi è stato un giurista, drammaturgo e storico italiano.                                 

Egidio Meneghetti

3 Egidio Meneghetti was an Italian pharmacologist, professor at the University of Padua, and a part of the anti-fascist resistance movement. He contributed to studies on the injection of colloidal substances into the bloodstream for chemotherapy. He demonstrated that colloidal metal ions such as an antimony compound injected slowly into the blood stream could reach the bone marrow and affect red blood cell production.

Diodorus Siculus

3 Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily was an ancient Greek historian. He is known for writing the monumental universal history Bibliotheca historica, in forty books, fifteen of which survive intact, between 60 and 30 BC. The history is arranged in three parts. The first covers mythic history up to the destruction of Troy, arranged geographically, describing regions around the world from Egypt, India and Arabia to Europe. The second covers the time from the Trojan War to the death of Alexander the Great. The third covers the period to about 60 BC. Bibliotheca, meaning 'library', acknowledges that he was drawing on the work of many other authors.

Rita Atria

3 Rita Atria was a witness and key collaborator in a major Mafia investigation in Sicily. She committed suicide in July 1992, a week after Cosa Nostra killed prosecutor Paolo Borsellino, with whom she had been working.

Achille Bizzoni

3 Achille Bizzoni è stato un giornalista, scrittore e patriota italiano.                             

Achille Torelli

3 Achille Torelli was an Italian playwright.                                                         

Agostino Codazzi

3 Giovanni Battista Agostino Codazzi was an Italo-Venezuelan soldier, scientist, geographer, cartographer, and governor of Barinas (1846–1847). He made his main investigations and cartographic work in Venezuela and Colombia, thereby creating for both countries a complete set of maps and statistics after the tumultuous years following independence from the Spanish Empire.

Alejandro Malaspina

3 Alejandro Malaspina was a Tuscan explorer who spent most of his life as a Spanish naval officer. Under a Spanish royal commission, he undertook a voyage around the world from 1786 to 1788, then, from 1789 to 1794, a scientific expedition throughout the Pacific Ocean, exploring and mapping much of the west coast of the Americas from Cape Horn to the Gulf of Alaska, crossing to Guam and the Philippines, and stopping in New Zealand, Australia, and Tonga.

Ernesto Ragazzoni

3 Ernesto Ragazzoni è stato un poeta, traduttore e giornalista italiano.                             

Felice Giani

3 Felice Giani was an Italian painter of the Neoclassic style. His grand manner subjects often included Greco-Roman allusions or themes.

Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina

3 Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina was an Italian man of letters and jurist. He was born at Roggiano Gravina, a small town near Cosenza, in Calabria. He was the adoptive father of the poet Metastasio.

Giuseppe Guerzoni

3 Giuseppe Guerzoni è stato un patriota, politico, storico, scrittore e drammaturgo italiano, il maggiore biografo di Giuseppe Garibaldi.

William Tell (opera)

3 William Tell is a French-language opera in four acts by Italian composer Gioachino Rossini to a libretto by Victor-Joseph Étienne de Jouy and L. F. Bis, based on Friedrich Schiller's play Wilhelm Tell, which, in turn, drew on the William Tell legend. The opera was Rossini's last, although he lived for nearly 40 more years. Fabio Luisi said that Rossini planned for Guillaume Tell to be his last opera even as he composed it. The often-performed overture in four sections features a depiction of a storm and a vivacious finale, the "March of the Swiss Soldiers".

Muzio Attendolo Sforza

3 Muzio Attendolo Sforza, was an Italian condottiero. Founder of the Sforza dynasty, he led a Bolognese-Florentine army at the Battle of Casalecchio.

Vincenzo Manzini

3 Vincenzo Manzini è stato un giurista italiano.                                                     

Giulio Perticari

3 Giulio Perticari was an Italian poet and scholar.                                                   

Baruch Spinoza

3 Baruch (de) Spinoza, also known under his Latinized pen name Benedictus de Spinoza, was a philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin. As a forerunner of the Age of Reason, Spinoza significantly influenced modern biblical criticism, 17th-century Rationalism, and contemporary conceptions of the self and the universe, establishing himself as one of the most important and radical philosophers of the early modern period. He was influenced by Stoicism, Maimonides, Niccolò Machiavelli, René Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, and a variety of heterodox Christian thinkers of his day.

Guglielmo Calderini

3 Guglielmo Calderini è stato un architetto italiano.                                                 

Lorenzo Valla

3 Lorenzo Valla was an Italian Renaissance humanist, rhetorician, educator and scholar. He is best known for his historical-critical textual analysis that proved that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery, therefore attacking and undermining the presumption of temporal power claimed by the papacy. Lorenzo is sometimes seen as a precursor of the Reformation.

Luigi Poletti (architect)

3 Luigi Poletti was an Italian architect, active in a neoclassical style.                             

Marco Palmezzano

3 Marco Palmezzano (1460–1539) was an Italian painter and architect, belonging to the Forlì painting school, who painted in a style recalling earlier Northern Renaissance models. He was mostly active near Forlì.

Bertrando Spaventa

3 Bertrando Spaventa was a leading Italian philosopher of the 19th century whose ideas had an important influence on the changes that took place during the unification of Italy and on philosophical thought in the 20th century.

Francesco Rosi

3 Francesco Rosi was an Italian film director. His film The Mattei Affair won the Palme d'Or at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival. Rosi's films, especially those of the 1960s and 1970s, often appeared to have political messages. While the topics of his later films became less politically oriented and more angled toward literature, he continued to direct until 1997, his last film being the adaptation of Primo Levi's book, The Truce.

Giovanni Meli

3 Giovanni Meli was an Italian poet.                                                                 

Trajano Boccalini

3 Trajano Boccalini was an Italian satirist.                                                         

Marcello Dudovich

3 Marcello Dudovich was an Italian painter, illustrator, and poster designer. Together with Leonetto Cappiello, Adolfo Hohenstein, Giovanni Maria Mataloni and Leopoldo Metlicovitz he is considered one of the progenitors of Italian poster design.

André Masséna

3 André Masséna, Prince of Essling, Duke of Rivoli, was a French military commander during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was one of the original 18 Marshals of the Empire created by Napoleon I. He was nicknamed l'Enfant chéri de la Victoire. He is considered to be one of the greatest generals of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

Bartolomeo Panizza

3 Bartolomeo Panizza was an Italian anatomist born in Vicenza.                                       

Adeodato Ressi

3 Il conte Adeodato Ressi è stato un economista e patriota italiano.                                 

Pietro Tamburini

3 Pietro Tamburini was an Italian theologian and jurist. He openly espoused Jansenism as a university professor.

Agostino Bassi

3 Agostino Bassi, sometimes called de Lodi, was an Italian entomologist. He preceded Louis Pasteur in the discovery that microorganisms can be the cause of disease. He discovered that the muscardine disease of silkworms was caused by a living, very small, parasitic organism, a fungus that would be named eventually Beauveria bassiana in his honor. In 1844, he stated the idea that not only animal (insect), but also human diseases are caused by other living microorganisms; for example, measles, syphilis, and the plague.

Caterina Sforza

3 Caterina Sforza was an Italian noblewoman, the Countess of Forlì and Lady of Imola, firstly with her husband Girolamo Riario, and after his death as a regent of her son Ottaviano.

Placido Rizzotto

3 Placido Rizzotto was an Italian partisan, socialist peasant and trade union leader from Corleone, who was kidnapped and murdered by Sicilian Mafia boss Luciano Leggio on 10 March 1948. Before he was killed, Rizzotto was performing activist work with farm laborers, trying to help them take over unfarmed land on large estates in the area. A 12-year-old shepherd, Giuseppe Letizia, witnessed Rizzotto's murder and was killed the following day with a lethal injection, made by a Mafia doctor named Michele Navarra. In the 1960s, Leggio was acquitted twice of Rizzotto's murder due to lack of evidence.

Philomena

3 Philomena, also known as Saint Philomena or Philomena of Rome was a virgin martyr whose remains were discovered on May 24–25, 1802, in the Catacomb of Priscilla. Three tiles enclosing the tomb bore an inscription, Pax Tecum Filumena, that was taken to indicate that her name was Filumena, the English form of which is Philomena. Philomena is the patron saint of infants, babies, and youth, and is known as "The Wonderworker".

Paul Cézanne

3 Paul Cézanne was a French Post-Impressionist painter whose work introduced new modes of representation and influenced avant-garde artistic movements of the early 20th century. Cézanne is said to have formed the bridge between late 19th-century Impressionism and early 20th century Cubism.

Joan Miró

3 Joan Miró i Ferrà was a Catalan Spanish painter, sculptor and ceramist born in Barcelona. Professionally, he was simply known as Joan Miró. A museum dedicated to his work, the Fundació Joan Miró, was established in his native city of Barcelona in 1975, and another, the Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró, was established in his adoptive city of Palma in 1981.

Meuccio Ruini

3 Meuccio Ruini was an Italian jurist and socialist politician who served as the president of the Italian Senate and the minister of the colonies.

Giulio Douhet

3 General Giulio Douhet was an Italian general and air power theorist. He was a key proponent of strategic bombing in aerial warfare. He was a contemporary of the air warfare advocates Walther Wever, Billy Mitchell, and Hugh Trenchard.

Giorgio Paglia

3 Giorgio Paglia è stato un patriota, partigiano e antifascista italiano, Medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria.

Gabriele Falloppio

3 Gabriele Falloppio was an Italian priest and anatomist often known by his Latin name Fallopius. He was one of the most important anatomists and physicians of the sixteenth century, giving his name to the fallopian tube.

Francesco Perotti

3 Francesco Perotti è stato un pittore italiano.                                                     

Gioacchino Napoleone Pepoli

3 Gioacchino Napoleone Pepoli è stato un diplomatico, scrittore e politico italiano, senatore del Regno d'Italia e sindaco di Bologna.

Paolo Ruffini

3 Paolo Ruffini was an Italian mathematician and philosopher.                                         

Giuseppe Pella

3 Giuseppe Pella was an Italian Christian Democratic politician who served as the 31st prime minister of Italy from 1953 to 1954. He was also Minister of Treasury, Budget and of Foreign Affairs during the 1950s and early 1960s. Pella served as President of the European Parliament from 1954 to 1956 after the death of Alcide De Gasperi.

Carlo Felice Trossi

3 Count Carlo Felice Trossi di Pian Villar was an Italian racing driver and auto constructor.         

Ennio Carando

3 Ennio Carando è stato un partigiano e filosofo italiano. Medaglia d'Oro al Valor Militare alla memoria.

Antioco Zucca

3 Antioco Zucca è stato un filosofo italiano.                                                         

Flavio Busonera

3 Flavio Busonera è stato un partigiano italiano.                                                     

Giuseppe Morosini

3 Giuseppe Morosini was an Italian priest and partisan. He was ordained to the sacred priesthood in 1937 at St. John Lateran's Basilica, becoming chaplain of the Royal Italian Army's 4th Artillery Regiment in 1941, but was transferred to the city of Rome in 1941 to help with youths who were displaced by the war. He soon joined the Italian resistance movement. He was arrested by the Gestapo and imprisoned, tortured and, despite pressure from the Vatican, executed.

William I of Cagliari

3 William I, royal name Salusio IV, was the judike of Cagliari, meaning "King", from 1188 to his death. His descendants and those of his immediate competitors intermarried to form the backbone of the Italian Aristocracy, and ultimately their descendants in the Medici clan are precursors to, and definers of later royalty and claims thereto.

Francesco Verrotti

3 Francesco Verrotti è stato un militare italiano, insignito della medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria nel corso delle seconda guerra mondiale.

Dario Chiaradia

3 Dario Chiaradia è stato un militare italiano insignito della medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria nel corso della seconda guerra mondiale.

Angelo Scarsellini

3 Angelo Scarsellini è stato un patriota italiano, uno dei famosi Martiri di Belfiore.               

Santa Marcellina

3 Santa Marcellina sorella maggiore di Ambrogio e di Satiro, si dedicò alla preghiera e alle opere di carità. È venerata come santa dalla Chiesa cattolica.

Pietro Cavaro

3 Pietro Cavaro è stato un pittore italiano, considerato il massimo rappresentante della cosiddetta "Scuola Stampacina", importante bottega di pittura sarda che prende il nome dal quartiere storico di Cagliari Stampace, dove i pittori della famiglia Cavaro tennero bottega dal XV fino alle soglie del XVII secolo.

Frances Xavier Cabrini

3 Frances Xavier Cabrini, also known as Mother Cabrini, was an Italian-American Catholic religious sister. She founded the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, a religious institute that was a major support to her fellow Italian immigrants to the United States.

Giovanni Polvani

3 Giovanni Polvani è stato un fisico italiano.                                                       

Ippolito Caffi

3 Ippolito Caffi (1809–1866) was an Italian painter of architectural subjects and seascapes or urban vedute.

Giuseppe Borsalino

3 Giuseppe Borsalino è stato un artigiano e imprenditore italiano, il 4 aprile 1857 fondò ad Alessandria la manifattura Borsalino Giuseppe e Fratello. Oltre che grande e innovativo imprenditore, Giuseppe Borsalino è stato un abile artigiano: a lui si deve la creazione dell'iconico modello di cappello in feltro da uomo contraddistinto dal marchio Borsalino.

Luigi Devoto

3 Luigi Devoto è stato un medico e politico italiano ed è considerato uno dei fondatori a livello mondiale della moderna medicina del lavoro. Era padre del linguista Giacomo Devoto (1897-1974), di Speranza (1899-1973) e dell'industriale Giovanni (1903-1944).

Cesare Tallone

3 Cesare Tallone was an Italian painter.                                                             

Ottavio Assarotti

3 Ottavio Giovanni Battista Assarotti was an Italian philanthropist and founder of the first school for deaf people in Italy.

Pope Pius IX

3 Pope Pius IX was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878. His reign of 32 years is the second longest of any pope in history, behind that of Saint Peter. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican Council in 1868 and for permanently losing control of the Papal States in 1870 to the Kingdom of Italy. Thereafter, he refused to leave Vatican City, declaring himself a "prisoner in the Vatican".

Ferdinando di Savoia-Genova (generale)

3 Ferdinando Maria Alberto Amedeo Filiberto Vincenzo di Savoia, I duca di Genova, è stato un nobile e militare italiano, capostipite del ramo cadetto dei Savoia-Genova.

Sebastiano Bombelli

3 Sebastiano Bombelli was an Italian painter, mainly active in Venice, during the Baroque period.     

Aurelio Mistruzzi

3 Aurelio Mistruzzi è stato uno scultore e medaglista italiano.                                       

Giusto Gervasutti

3 Giusto Gervasutti was an Italian mountain climber, Alpini officer and skier.                       

Paolo Rossi

3 Paolo Rossi was an Italian professional footballer who played as a forward. He led Italy to the 1982 FIFA World Cup title, scoring six goals to win the Golden Boot as top goalscorer, and the Golden Ball for the player of the tournament. Rossi is one of only three players, and the only European, to have won all three awards at a World Cup, along with Garrincha in 1962 and Mario Kempes in 1978. Rossi was also awarded the 1982 Ballon d'Or as the European Footballer of the Year for his performances. Along with Roberto Baggio and Christian Vieri, he is Italy's top scorer in World Cup history, with nine goals overall.

Cecilia Deganutti

3 Cecilia Deganutti è stata una partigiana italiana, medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria per il suo eroismo e per il suo altruismo e medaglia d'oro della Croce Rossa italiana.

Silvio Vardabasso

3 Silvio Vardabasso è stato un geologo italiano.                                                     

Antonio Somma

3 Antonio Somma was an Italian playwright who is most well known for writing the libretto of an opera which ultimately became Giuseppe Verdi's Un ballo in maschera in 1859. While a student, his tragedy, Parisina, gave him quite a success.

Giuseppe Bernardino Bison

3 Giuseppe Bernardino Bison was an itinerant Italian painter of frescoes, landscapes, vedute, capriccios and some religious works.

Pier Paolo Vergerio

3 Pier Paolo Vergerio, the Younger, was an Italian papal nuncio and later Protestant reformer.       

Vettor Pisani

3 Vettor Pisani was a Venetian admiral.                                                               

Julius Kugy

3 Julius Kugy, a volte italianizzato Giulio Kugy, è stato un alpinista, scrittore, botanico umanista, avvocato e ufficiale austriaco con cittadinanza austro-ungarica.

Riccardo Selvatico

3 Riccardo Selvatico è stato un commediografo, poeta e politico italiano, sindaco di Venezia dal 1890 al 1895.

Robert Koch

3 Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch was a German physician and microbiologist. As the discoverer of the specific causative agents of deadly infectious diseases including tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax, he is regarded as one of the main founders of modern bacteriology. As such he is popularly nicknamed the father of microbiology, and as the father of medical bacteriology. His discovery of the anthrax bacterium in 1876 is considered as the birth of modern bacteriology. Koch used his discoveries to establish that germs "could cause a specific disease" and directly provided proofs for the germ theory of diseases, therefore creating the scientific basis of public health, saving millions of lives. For his life's work Koch is seen as one of the founders of modern medicine.

Luigi Visintin

3 Luigi Visintin è stato un geografo italiano.                                                       

Guido Pellizzari

3 Guido Pellizzari è stato un chimico italiano.                                                       

Ercole Carletti

3 Ercole Carletti è stato un poeta, drammaturgo e linguista italiano, autore di poesie e testi teatrali in lingua friulana.

Saint Sabina

3 Saint Sabina was a saint and martyr of the early church. Her feast day is 29 August. She lived and suffered martyrdom at the beginning of the 2nd century in Rome.

Gherardo Freschi

3 Gherardo Freschi di Cucagna è stato un agronomo e patriota italiano.                               

Mario Stoppani

3 Mario Stoppani was an Italian World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories. His valor earned him two Silver awards of the Medal for Military Valor and the Russian Cross of St. George during World War I.

Biagio Marin

3 Biagio Marin was a Venetian and Italian poet, best known for his poems in the Venetian language. In his writings he never obeyed rhetoric or poetics. He only employed a few hundred words for his poems.

Antonio Carneo

3 Antonio Carneo (1637–1692) was an Italian painter, active in Friuli and Venice, and depicting both mythologic, allegoric, and religious canvases, as well as portraits.

Vittorio Gassman

3 Vittorio Gassman, popularly known as Il Mattatore, was an Italian actor, director, and screenwriter.

Giuditta Bellerio Sidoli

3 Giuditta Bellerio Sidoli was an Italian patriot and revolutionary protagonist in multiple efforts for Italian unification. She was also the lover of Giuseppe Mazzini for a period and operated a salon in Turin for Italian expatriates.

Marino Sanuto the Younger

3 Marin Sanudo, italianised as Marino Sanuto or Sanuto the Younger, was a Venetian historian and diarist. His most significant work is his Diarii, which he had intended to write up into a history of Venice.

Sorelle Agazzi

3 Rosa Agazzi e Carolina Agazzi sono state due pedagogiste ed educatrici sperimentali conosciute come sorelle Agazzi.

Gino Allegri

3 Gino Allegri, vero nome Girolamo Allegri, è stato un militare e aviatore italiano, tra i partecipanti al volo su Vienna di Gabriele D'Annunzio, decorato con la medaglia d'oro al valor militare postuma.

Virginia Tonelli

3 Virginia Tonelli was an Italian partisan. She was burned alive by the fascists in the Risiera di San Sabba concentration camp, and was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valour.

Manlio Feruglio

3 Manlio Feruglio è stato un militare italiano, decorato con la medaglia d'oro al valor militare alla memoria durante il corso della prima guerra mondiale.

Ottavio Bottecchia

3 Ottavio Bottecchia was an Italian cyclist and the first Italian winner of the Tour de France.       

Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza

3 Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de Brazza was an Italian-French explorer. With his family's financial help, he explored the Ogooué region of Central Africa, and later with the backing of the Société de Géographie de Paris, he reached far into the interior along the right bank of the Congo River. He has often been depicted as a man of friendly manner, great charm and peaceful approach towards the Africans he met and worked with on his journeys, but recent research has revealed that he in fact alternated this kind of approach with more calculated deceit and at times relentless armed violence towards local populations. Under French colonial rule, the capital of the Republic of the Congo was named Brazzaville after him and the name was retained by the post-colonial rulers, one of the few African nations to do so.

Cima da Conegliano

3 Giovanni Battista Cima, also called Cima da Conegliano, was an Italian Renaissance painter, who mostly worked in Venice. He can be considered part of the Venetian school, though he was also influenced by Antonello da Messina, in the emphasis he gives to landscape backgrounds and the tranquil atmosphere of his works.

Domenico da Tolmezzo

3 Domenico da Tolmezzo, talvolta citato come Domenico Mion o Domenico Mioni, oppure Domenico di Candido è stato un pittore e scultore italiano.

Antonio Berlese

3 Antonio Berlese was an Italian entomologist.                                                       

Saint Rosalia

3 Rosalia, nicknamed la Santuzza, is the patron saint of Palermo in Italy, Camargo in Chihuahua, and three towns in Venezuela: El Hatillo, Zuata, and El Playón. She is especially important internationally as a saint invoked in times of plague. From 2020 onwards she has been invoked by some citizens of Palermo to protect the city from COVID-19.

Robert Schuman

3 Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Robert Schuman was a Luxembourg-born French statesman. Schuman was a Christian democratic political thinker and activist. Twice Prime Minister of France, a reformist Minister of Finance and a Foreign Minister, he was instrumental in building postwar European and trans-Atlantic institutions and was one of the founders of the European Communities, the Council of Europe and NATO. The 1964–1965 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour. In 2021, Schuman was declared venerable by Pope Francis in recognition of his acting on Christian principles.

Il Pordenone

3 Pordenone, Il Pordenone in Italian, is the byname of Giovanni Antonio de’ Sacchis, an Italian Mannerist painter, loosely of the Venetian school. Vasari, his main biographer, wrongly identifies him as Giovanni Antonio Licinio. He painted in several cities in northern Italy "with speed, vigor, and deliberate coarseness of expression and execution—intended to shock".

Gian Giacomo Marinoni

3 Gian Giacomo Marinon (Marinoni), al fo filosof, matematic e topograf, archeolic e naturalist. Daspò vê studiât a Udin e vê mostrât grande bravure in matematiche al fo mandât a Viene dulà che si laureà dai gjesuits in filosofie. Daspò al tacà a insegnà matematiche.

Luigi Cadorna

3 Luigi Cadorna è stato un generale e politico italiano. Figlio del generale Raffaele Cadorna, divenne capo di Stato maggiore generale nel 1914, dopo l'improvvisa morte del generale Alberto Pollio, e diresse le operazioni del Regio Esercito nella prima guerra mondiale dall'entrata dell'Italia nel conflitto, il 24 maggio 1915, fino alla disfatta di Caporetto.

Antonino Cascino

3 Antonino Cascino è stato un generale italiano.                                                     

Giuseppe Costantini

3 Giuseppe Costantini, detto Sciabolone, è stato un brigante italiano. A capo degli insorgenti ascolani operò con azioni di brigantaggio e guerriglia contro le truppe francesi di Napoleone I presenti nel territorio piceno.

Cecilia Seghizzi

3 Cecilia Seghizzi was an Italian composer, painter and teacher.                                     

Francesco Sulis

3 Francesco Sulis è stato un politico italiano.                                                       

Bruno Maderna

3 Bruno Maderna was an Italian composer, conductor and academic teacher.                             

Domenico Ghirlandaio

3 Domenico di Tommaso Curradi di Doffo Bigordi, professionally known as Domenico Ghirlandaio, was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Florence. Ghirlandaio was part of the so-called "third generation" of the Florentine Renaissance, along with Verrocchio, the Pollaiolo brothers and Sandro Botticelli. Ghirlandaio led a large and efficient workshop that included his brothers Davide Ghirlandaio and Benedetto Ghirlandaio, his brother-in-law Bastiano Mainardi from San Gimignano, and later his son Ridolfo Ghirlandaio. Many apprentices passed through Ghirlandaio's workshop, including the famous Michelangelo. His particular talent lay in his ability to posit depictions of contemporary life and portraits of contemporary people within the context of religious narratives, bringing him great popularity and many large commissions.

Enrico Chiaradia

3 Enrico Chiaradia è stato uno scultore italiano.                                                     

Giuseppe Luosi

3 Giuseppe Romolo Melchiorre Luosi è stato un politico e giurista italiano. Fu Ministro della Giustizia per un decennio nel napoleonico Regno d'Italia: in tale veste egli fu il primo promotore della codificazione del diritto in Italia.

Nikola Tesla

3 Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist. He is known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.

Carlo M. Cipolla

3 Carlo M. Cipolla was an Italian economic historian. He was a member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.

Alfredo Comandini

3 Antonio Alfredo Comandini è stato un giornalista e politico italiano, direttore politico del «Corriere della Sera» tra il settembre 1891 e il novembre 1892.

Alessandro Magnasco

3 Alessandro Magnasco, also known as il Lissandrino, was an Italian late-Baroque painter active mostly in Milan and Genoa. He is best known for stylized, fantastic, often phantasmagoric genre or landscape scenes. Magnasco's distinctive style is characterized by fragmented forms rendered with swift brushstrokes and darting flashes of light.

Virginia Woolf

3 Adeline Virginia Woolf was an English writer. She is considered one of the most important modernist 20th-century authors. She pioneered the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative device.

Domenico Cotugno

3 Domenico Felice Antonio Cotugno was an Italian physician.                                           

Camillo Bellieni

3 Camillo Bellieni è stato un politico e storico italiano, teorico del sardismo, principale ideologo e fondatore del Partito Sardo d'Azione, insieme ad Emilio Lussu e ad altri reduci della Brigata Sassari.

Luigi Crespellani

3 Luigi Crespellani was an Italian lawyer and politician.                                             

Andrea Previtali

3 Andrea Previtali was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active mainly in Bergamo. He was also called Andrea Cordelliaghi.

Giuseppe Siccardi

3 Giuseppe Siccardi è stato un giurista e politico italiano.                                         

Pietro Mastino

3 Pietro Mastino è stato un politico italiano.                                                       

Filippo Figari

3 Filippo Figari è stato un pittore italiano.                                                         

Carmelo Floris

3 Carmelo Floris è stato un pittore e incisore italiano.                                             

Emilio Sereni

3 Emilio Sereni was an Italian writer, politician and historian.                                   

Giacomo Manzù

3 Giacomo Manzoni, known professionally as Giacomo Manzù, was an Italian sculptor.                   

Amintore Fanfani

3 Amintore Fanfani was an Italian politician and statesman, who served as 32nd prime minister of Italy for five separate terms. He was one of the best-known Italian politicians after the Second World War and a historical figure of the left-wing faction of Christian Democracy. He is also considered one of the founders of the modern Italian centre-left.

Bernardo de Muro

3 Bernardo De Muro was a Sardinian operatic tenor.                                                 

Annunzio Cervi

3 Annunzio Cervi è stato un poeta e patriota italiano.                                               

Antonio Maxia

3 Antonio Maxia è stato un politico italiano.                                                         

Antonio Scano

3 Antonio Scano è stato un politico italiano.                                                         

Stanislao Caboni

3 Stanislao Caboni è stato un politico italiano.                                                     

Enrico Besta

3 Enrico Besta è stato un giurista e storico italiano.                                               

Giovanni Marghinotti

3 Giovanni Marghinotti was an Italian painter in the Neoclassical style.                             

James Watt

3 James Watt was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1776, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native country Great Britain, and the rest of the world.

Vittorio Angius

3 Vittorio Angius è stato uno scrittore, storico e politico italiano.                                 

Bernadette Soubirous

3 Bernadette Soubirous, also known as Bernadette of Lourdes, was the firstborn daughter of a miller from Lourdes, in the department of Hautes-Pyrénées in France, and is best known for experiencing apparitions of a "young lady" who asked for a chapel to be built at the nearby cave-grotto. These apparitions occurred between 11 February and 16 July 1858, and the woman who appeared to her identified herself as the "Immaculate Conception".

Gerolamo Araolla

3 Gerolamo Araolla, also known as Hieronimu Araolla, was a Sardinian poet and priest.                 

Antonio Ghislanzoni

3 Antonio Ghislanzoni was an Italian journalist, poet, and novelist who wrote librettos for Verdi, among other composers, of which the best known are Aida and the revised version of La forza del destino.

Arnolfo di Cambio

3 Arnolfo di Cambio was an Italian architect and sculptor of the Duecento, who began as a lead assistant to Nicola Pisano. He is documented as being capomaestro or Head of Works for Florence Cathedral in 1300, and designed the sixth city wall around Florence (1284–1333).

Giuseppe Lazzati

3 Giuseppe Lazzati was an Italian Roman Catholic rector of the Sacred Heart college in Milan and a former parliamentarian. He was also the founder of the Secular Institute of Christ the King. Lazzati served as a professor and for a time served as a politician at the close of the Second World War despite initial hesitance in doing so. He later resigned to further dedicate himself to his lecturing while instituting the Secular Institute of Christ the King to bring together men who wished to consecrate themselves to God though not as religious. He was a collaborator of several well-known figures in Italian politics such as Giorgio La Pira and Aldo Moro while he maintained close relationships with Pope Paul VI and Pope John Paul II.

Wright brothers

3 The Wright brothers, Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, were American aviation pioneers generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of an engine-powered, heavier-than-air aircraft with the Wright Flyer on December 17, 1903, four miles (6 km) south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, at what is now known as Kill Devil Hills. In 1904 the Wright brothers developed the Wright Flyer II, which made longer-duration flights including the first circle, followed in 1905 by the first truly practical fixed-wing aircraft, the Wright Flyer III.

Tito Schipa

3 Tito Schipa was an Italian lyric tenor, considered the greatest tenore di grazia and one of the most popular tenors of the century.

Rembrandt

3 Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, usually simply known as Rembrandt, was a Dutch Golden Age painter, printmaker, and draughtsman. He is generally considered one of the greatest visual artists in the history of art. It is estimated Rembrandt produced a total of about three hundred paintings, three hundred etchings, and two thousand drawings.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

3 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German polymath and writer, who is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a profound and wide-ranging influence on Western literary, political, and philosophical thought from the late 18th century to the present day. Goethe was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry and aesthetic criticism, as well as treatises on botany, anatomy, and color.

Eusebio Kino

3 Eusebio Francisco Kino, SJ, often referred to as Father Kino, was an Italian Jesuit, missionary, geographer, explorer, cartographer, mathematician and astronomer born in the Bishopric of Trent, Holy Roman Empire.

Saint Prisca

3 Prisca was a young Roman woman allegedly tortured and executed for her Christian faith. The dates of her birth and death are unknown. She is revered as a saint and martyr in Eastern Orthodoxy, by the Catholic Church, and in the Anglican Communion.

Francesco Fancello

3 Francesco Fancello è stato un politico e scrittore italiano.                                       

Stefano Siglienti

3 Stefano Siglienti was an Italian banker and politician who served as the minister of finance from 18 June until 12 December 1944. He held several banking posts until his death.

George Washington

3 George Washington was an American Founding Father, military officer, and politician who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Second Continental Congress as commander of the Continental Army in 1775, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War and then served as president of the Constitutional Convention in 1787, which drafted and ratified the Constitution of the United States and established the U.S. federal government. Washington has thus become commonly known as the "Father of his Country".

Paolo Mossa

3 Paolo Mossa, detto Paulicu è stato un poeta italiano, famoso per il contributo dato alla poesia in lingua sarda.

Gerolamo Emiliani

3 Gerolamo Emiliani, CRS was an Italian humanitarian, founder of the Somaschi Fathers, and is considered a saint by the Catholic Church.

Franz Liszt

3 Franz Liszt was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor and teacher of the Romantic period. With a diverse body of work spanning more than six decades, he is considered to be one of the most prolific and influential composers of his era, and his piano works continue to be widely performed and recorded.

Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta

3 Prince Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta was the third Duke of Aosta and a first cousin once removed of the King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III. During World War II, he was the Italian Viceroy of Italian East Africa.

Giorgio Almirante

3 Giorgio Almirante was an Italian politician who founded the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement, which he led until his retirement in 1987.

Pietro Platania

3 Pietro Platania was an Italian composer and music educator.                                         

Antonio Baldissera

3 Antonio Baldissera was an Italian general, active in the Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinia) and in Italian Eritrea during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Heraclitus

3 Heraclitus was an ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from the city of Ephesus, which was then part of the Persian Empire.

Matteo Ricci

3 Matteo Ricci was an Italian Jesuit priest and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China missions. He created the Kunyu Wanguo Quantu, a 1602 map of the world written in Chinese characters. In 2022, the Apostolic See declared its recognition of Ricci's heroic virtues, thereby bestowing upon him the honorific of Venerable.

Charlemagne

3 Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 800, holding all these titles until his death in 814. Charlemagne succeeded in uniting the majority of Western Central Europe, and was the first recognized emperor to rule in the west after the fall of the Western Roman Empire approximately three centuries earlier. Charlemagne's rule saw a program of political and social changes that had a lasting impact on Europe in the Middle Ages.

Orazio Marinali

3 Orazio Marinali (1643–1720) was an Italian late-Baroque sculptor, active mainly in the Veneto or Venetian mainland.

Roald Amundsen

3 Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He was a key figure of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.

Francesco Cucchi

3 Francesco Cucchi was an Italian patriot soldier who joined Giuseppe Garibaldi in his Expedition of the Thousand, and later in other wars for the unification of Italy. In 1892, he was named a Senator of the kingdom.

Sebastiano Tecchio

3 Sebastiano Tecchio, was an Italian lawyer and politician that was president of the Italian Senate from 1876 to 1884.

Ernesto Teodoro Moneta

3 Ernesto Teodoro Moneta was an Italian journalist, nationalist, revolutionary soldier and later a pacifist and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate. He adopted the motto In varietate unitas! which later inspired Motto of the European Union.

Giuseppe Terragni

3 Giuseppe Terragni was an Italian architect who worked primarily under the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and pioneered the Italian modern movement under the rubric of Rationalism. His most famous work is the Casa del Fascio built in Como, northern Italy, which was begun in 1932 and completed in 1936; it was built in accordance with the International Style of architecture and frescoed by abstract artist Mario Radice. In 1938, at the behest of Mussolini's fascist government, Terragni designed the Danteum, an unbuilt monument to the Italian poet Dante Alighieri structured around the formal divisions of his greatest work, the Divine Comedy.

Giuseppe Perrucchetti

3 Giuseppe Domenico Perrucchetti was an Italian general and politician, the creator of the Alpini corps.

Giovanni Miani

3 Giovanni Miani was an Italian explorer. He is known for his explorations of the Nile, where he came close to being the first European to reach its source in Lake Victoria, and for his exploration of the region around the Uele River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Andrea Gritti

3 Andrea Gritti was the Doge of the Venetian Republic from 1523 to 1538, following a distinguished diplomatic and military career. He started out as a successful merchant in Constantinople and transitioned into the position of Bailo, a diplomatic role. He was arrested for espionage but was spared execution thanks to his good relationship with the Ottoman vizier. After being freed from imprisonment, he returned to Venice and began his political career. When the War of the League of Cambrai broke out, despite his lack of experience, he was given a leadership role in the Venetian military, where he excelled. After the war, he was elected doge, and he held that post until his death.

Guglielmo Ciardi

3 Guglielmo Ciardi was an Italian painter.                                                           

Marcantonio Flaminio

3 Marcantonio Flaminio, also known as Marcus Antonius Flaminius, was an Italian humanist poet, known for his Neo-Latin works. During his life, he toured the courts and literary centers of Italy. His editing of the popular devotional work, the "Beneficio di Cristo" illustrated a hope that the Catholic Church would move closer to some of the thinking of the Protestant reformers.

Flavio Andò

3 Flavio Andò è stato un attore teatrale italiano.                                                   

Carlo Pedrotti

3 Carlo Pedrotti was an Italian conductor, administrator and composer, principally of opera. An associate of Giuseppe Verdi's, he also taught two internationally renowned Italian operatic tenors, Francesco Tamagno and Alessandro Bonci.

Pietro Custodi

3 Pietro Custodi è stato uno storico, letterato e politico italiano.                                 

Luigi Credaro

3 Luigi Credaro è stato un politico, storico della filosofia e pedagogista italiano.                 

Benedetto Antelami

3 Benedetto Antelami was an Italian architect and sculptor of the Romanesque school, whose "sculptural style sprang from local north Italian traditions that can be traced back to late antiquity". He is chiefly known for three carved doorways and the allegorical figures and prophets that decorate the Parma Baptistery.

Demos Malavasi (1926-1944)

3 Demos Malavasi è stato un partigiano italiano.                                                     

Adolfo Venturi

3 Adolfo Venturi was an Italian art historian. His son, Lionello Venturi, was also an art historian. 

Melvin Jones (Lions Club)

3 Melvin Jones was the founder and secretary-treasurer of Lions Clubs International.                 

Ptolemy

3 Claudius Ptolemy was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science. The first was his astronomical treatise now known as the Almagest, originally entitled Mathematical Treatise. The second is the Geography, which is a thorough discussion on maps and the geographic knowledge of the Greco-Roman world. The third is the astrological treatise in which he attempted to adapt horoscopic astrology to the Aristotelian natural philosophy of his day. This is sometimes known as the Apotelesmatika but more commonly known as the Tetrábiblos, from the Koine Greek meaning "Four Books", or by its Latin equivalent Quadripartite.

Ho Chi Minh

3 Hồ Chí Minh, colloquially known as Uncle Ho or just Uncle (Bác), and by other aliases and sobriquets, was a Vietnamese communist revolutionary, nationalist, and politician. He served as prime minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1945 to 1955 and as president from 1945 until his death in 1969. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist, he was the Chairman and First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam, the predecessor of the current Communist Party of Vietnam.

Natale Bruni

3 Natale Bruni è stato un arcivescovo cattolico italiano.                                             

Jacopo Peri

3 Jacopo Peri was an Italian composer, singer and instrumentalist of the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods. He wrote what is considered the first opera, the mostly lost Dafne, and also the earliest extant opera, Euridice (1600).

Maurice Ravel

3 Joseph Maurice Ravel was a French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with Impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term. In the 1920s and 1930s Ravel was internationally regarded as France's greatest living composer.

Giacomo Ulivi

3 Giacomo Ulivi è stato un partigiano italiano.                                                       

Pietro Tacchini

3 Pietro Tacchini was an Italian astronomer.                                                         

Agostino Paradisi

3 Count Agostino Paradisi was an Italian poet, economist and teacher. His son Giovanni Paradisi was a scientist.

Vittoria Nenni

3 Vittoria Gorizia Nenni fu un'attivista e resistente antifascista italiana, figlia minore del leader socialista Pietro Nenni. Morì a 28 anni, probabilmente di febbre tifoide, nel campo di concentramento di Auschwitz in cui era detenuta da poco più di cinque mesi come resistente alle truppe d'occupazione tedesche in Francia, paese nel quale era esule insieme alla famiglia.

Bernardino Loschi

3 Bernardino Loschi was an Italian painter of the Renaissance.                                       

Antonio Cardarelli

3 Antonio Cardarelli was an Italian physician remembered for describing Cardarelli's sign.           

Giovanni Bononcini

3 Giovanni Bononcini was an Italian Baroque composer, cellist, singer and teacher, one of a family of string players and composers. He was a rival to George Frederic Handel.

Sem Benelli

3 Sem Benelli was an Italian playwright, essayist and librettist. He provided the texts for several noted Italian operas, including Italo Montemezzi's L'amore dei tre re and L'incantesimo, and Umberto Giordano's La cena delle beffe, based on Benelli's own play of the same title. He was a native of Prato. His dramatic play of La Gorgona was first staged in Trieste in 1913.

Giuseppe Acerbi

3 Giuseppe Acerbi was an Italian naturalist, explorer and composer.                                   

Andrea Brustolon

3 Andrea Brustolon was an Italian sculptor in wood. He is known for his furnishings in the Baroque style and devotional sculptures.

Gaetano Scirea

3 Gaetano Scirea was an Italian professional footballer who is considered one of the greatest defenders of his generation and one of the greatest defenders of all time. He spent most of his career with Juventus

Clelia Barbieri

3 Clelia Barbieri è stata una religiosa italiana, fondatrice della congregazione delle Suore Minime dell'Addolorata. È stata proclamata santa nel 1989 da papa Giovanni Paolo II. È la fondatrice più giovane nella storia della Chiesa.

Girolamo da Carpi

3 Girolamo Da Carpi was an Italian painter and decorator who worked at the Court of the House of Este in Ferrara. He began painting in Ferrara, by report apprenticing to Benvenuto Tisi ; but by age 20, he had moved to Bologna, and is considered a figure of Early Renaissance painting of the local Bolognese School.

Antonio Roiti

3 Antonio Roiti è stato un fisico italiano.                                                           

Luigi Caroli

3 Luigi Caroli è stato un patriota e militare italiano.                                               

Marino Ortolani

3 Marino Ortolani was an Italian pediatrician who developed a clinical test for the recognition of hip dysplasia called the Ortolani test.

Antonio Zara

3 Antonio Zara was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Pedena (1601–1621).               

Giacomo Lercaro

3 Giacomo Lercaro was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Ravenna from 1947 to 1952, and Archbishop of Bologna from 1952 to 1968. Pope Pius XII made him a cardinal in 1953.

Giuseppe Gaudenzi

3 Giuseppe Gaudenzi è stato un politico italiano.                                                     

Macchiaioli

3 The Macchiaioli were a group of Italian painters active in Tuscany in the second half of the nineteenth century. They strayed from antiquated conventions taught by the Italian art academies, and did much of their painting outdoors in order to capture natural light, shade, and colour. This practice relates the Macchiaioli to the French Impressionists who came to prominence a few years later, although the Macchiaioli pursued somewhat different purposes. The most notable artists of this movement were Giuseppe Abbati, Cristiano Banti, Odoardo Borrani, Vincenzo Cabianca, Adriano Cecioni, Vito D'Ancona, Serafino De Tivoli, Giovanni Fattori, Raffaello Sernesi, Silvestro Lega, and Telemaco Signorini.

Leonardo Bistolfi

3 Leonardo Bistolfi was an Italian sculptor and an important exponent of Italian Symbolism.           

Veronica Gambara

3 Veronica Gambara was an Italian poet and politician. She was the ruler of the County of Correggio from 1518 until 1550.

Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma

3 Marie Louise was an Austrian archduchess who reigned as Duchess of Parma from 11 April 1814 until her death in 1847. She was Napoleon's second wife and as such Empress of the French and Queen of Italy from their marriage on 1 April 1810 until his abdication on 6 April 1814.

Giovanni Lanfranco

3 Giovanni Lanfranco was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.                                   

Luigi Mascherpa

3 Luigi Mascherpa was an Italian admiral during World War II. He led the Italian defense during the Battle of Leros and was later executed by the Italian Social Republic.

Edoardo Amaldi

3 Edoardo Amaldi was an Italian physicist. He coined the term "neutrino" in conversations with Enrico Fermi distinguishing it from the heavier "neutron". He has been described as "one of the leading nuclear physicists of the twentieth century." He was involved in the anti-nuclear peace movement.

Salvator Rosa

3 Salvator Rosa (1615–1673) is best known today as an Italian Baroque painter, whose romanticized landscapes and history paintings, often set in dark and untamed nature, exerted considerable influence from the 17th century into the early 19th century. In his lifetime he was among the most famous painters, known for his flamboyant personality, and regarded as an accomplished poet, satirist, actor, musician, and printmaker, as well. He was active in Naples, Rome, and Florence, where on occasion he was compelled to move between cities, as his caustic satire earned him enemies in the artistic and intellectual circles of the day.

Odoardo Focherini

3 Odoardo Focherini was an Italian Roman Catholic journalist. He issued false documents to Jews during World War II in order for them to escape the Nazi regime but was arrested and sent to a concentration camp where he later died. Yad Vashem later recognized him as a Righteous Among the Nations in 1969 for his efforts.

Filippo Montesi

3 Filippo Montesi è stato un militare italiano.                                                       

Guido Cantelli

3 Guido Cantelli was an Italian orchestral conductor. Toscanini elected him his "spiritual heir" since the beginnings of his career. He was named Musical Director of La Scala, Milan in November 1956, but his promising career was cut short only one week later by his death at the age of 36 in the 1956 Paris DC-6 crash in France on route to the United States.

Giulio Romano

3 Giulio Pippi, known as Giulio Romano, was an Italian painter and architect. He was a pupil of Raphael, and his stylistic deviations from High Renaissance classicism help define the sixteenth-century style known as Mannerism. Giulio's drawings have long been treasured by collectors; contemporary prints of them engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi were a significant contribution to the spread of sixteenth-century Italian style throughout Europe.

Mario Cermenati

3 Mario Cermenati è stato un naturalista e politico italiano.                                         

Fra Dolcino

3 Fra Dolcino was the second leader of the Dulcinian reformist movement who was burned at the stake in Northern Italy in 1307. He had taken over the movement after its founder, Gerard Segarelli, had also been executed in 1300 on the orders of the Roman Catholic Church. Although the beliefs and spirituality of the Dulcinian sect were inspired by the teachings of Francis of Assisi, who had founded the Franciscan Order in 1210, their beliefs were condemned as heresy by the Catholic Church. The Papacy condemned their practices of poverty, liberty and opposition to the feudal system.

Giacomo Bresadola

3 Giacomo Bresadola 14 February 1847 – Trento 9 June 1929) was an eminent Italian mycologist. Fungi he named include the deadly Lepiota helveola and Inocybe patouillardii, though the latter is now known as Inosperma erubescens as this latter description predated Bresadola's by a year. He was a founding member of the Société mycologique de France.

Tommaso Agudio

3 Tommaso Agudio, o Tomaso Agudio, è stato un ingegnere, imprenditore e politico italiano, progettista e costruttore di ferrovie e di funicolari.

Salvatore Vitale

3 Salvatore "Good Looking Sal" Vitale is an American former underboss of the Bonanno crime family before he became a government informant. After his arrest in 2003, Vitale agreed to cooperate with the government and testify against his brother-in-law, boss Joseph Massino, and in July 2004, Massino was convicted in a RICO case. Vitale had admitted to 11 murders, however, in October 2010, was sentenced to time served due to his cooperation, and entered the witness protection program.

Mario Capuani

3 Mario Capuani è stato un partigiano e medico italiano. Medaglia d'Oro al Valor Militare alla memoria.

Nino Martoglio

3 Nino Martoglio was an Italian writer, publisher, journalist and producer of theatrical works. He wrote mostly in Sicilian and likewise, his theatrical works were mostly in Sicilian. He founded a theatre company in Catania in the early part of the 20th century. In the latter stages of his life he had some success as a film director.

Francesco Melzi d'Eril

3 Francesco Melzi d'Eril, Duke of Lodi, Count of Magenta was an Italian politician and patriot, serving as vice-president of the Napoleonic Italian Republic (1802–1805). He was a consistent supporter of the Italian unification ideals that would lead to the Italian Risorgimento shortly after his death.

Giuseppe Ravizza

3 Giuseppe Ravizza was a prolific typewriter inventor. He spent nearly 40 years of his life obsessively grappling with the complexities of inventing a usable writing machine. He called his invention cembalo scrivano o macchina da scrivere a tasti because of its piano-type keys and keyboard. The story of the 16 models he produced between 1847 and the early 1880s is described in The Writing Machine and illustrated from Ravizza’s 1855 patent, which bears similarities to the later upstroke design of the Sholes and Glidden typewriter.

Salvatore Tommasi

3 Salvatore Tommasi è stato un patologo italiano, importante rappresentante della ricerca medica nella seconda metà dell'Ottocento in Italia e uno dei maggiori esponenti del Positivismo italiano.

Pope Pius II

3 Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 August 1458 to his death.

Salvatore Aldisio

3 Salvatore Aldisio was an Italian Christian Democratic politician.                                   

Francesco Colzi

3 Francesco Alfonso Faustino Colzi è stato un medico e chirurgo italiano.                             

Pacuvius

3 Marcus Pacuvius was an ancient Roman tragic poet. He is regarded as the greatest of their tragedians prior to Lucius Accius.

Luigi Pierobon

3 Luigi Pierobon è stato un partigiano e antifascista italiano, studente cattolico, medaglia d'oro al valor militare.

Nunzio Sulprizio

3 Nunzio Sulprizio was an Italian Roman Catholic from Pescara who worked as an apprentice blacksmith. He suffered from poor health during his brief life and was considered to those who knew him to be a gentle and pious individual.

Corradino D'Ascanio

3 General Corradino D'Ascanio was an Italian aeronautical engineer. D'Ascanio designed the first production helicopter, for Agusta, and designed the first motor scooter for Ferdinando Innocenti. After the two fell out, D'Ascanio helped Enrico Piaggio produce the original Vespa.

Cipriano Facchinetti

3 Cipriano Facchinetti was an Italian politician.                                                     

Rinaldo Piaggio

3 Rinaldo Piaggio (1864-1938) was an Italian entrepreneur, senator, and founder of Piaggio.