Famous people on Spain's street names

Mary, mother of Jesus

255 Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Joseph and the mother of Jesus. She is a central figure of Christianity, venerated under various titles such as virgin or queen, many of them mentioned in the Litany of Loreto. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Church of the East, Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches believe that Mary, as mother of Jesus, is the Mother of God. Other Protestant views on Mary vary, with some holding her to have lesser status.

Santiago Ramón y Cajal

172 Santiago Ramón y Cajal was a Spanish neuroscientist, pathologist, and histologist specializing in neuroanatomy and the central nervous system. He and Camillo Golgi received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906. Ramón y Cajal was the first person of Spanish origin to win a scientific Nobel Prize. His original investigations of the microscopic structure of the brain made him a pioneer of modern neuroscience.

Miguel de Cervantes

169 Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra was an Early Modern Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists. He is best known for his novel Don Quixote, a work often cited as both the first modern novel and "the first great novel of world literature". A 2002 poll of 100 well-known authors voted it the "best book of all time", as voted by the judges from among the "best and most central works in world literature".

Saint Roch

138 Roch, also called Rock in English, was a Majorcan Catholic confessor whose death is commemorated on 16 August and 9 September in Italy; he was especially invoked against the plague. He has the designation of Rollox in Glasgow, Scotland, said to be a corruption of Roch's Loch, which referred to a small loch once near a chapel dedicated to Roch in 1506.

Christopher Columbus

126 Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and European colonization of the Americas. His expeditions were the first known European contact with the Caribbean and Central and South America.

Saint Joseph

122 Joseph was a 1st-century Jewish man of Nazareth who, according to the canonical Gospels, was married to Mary, the mother of Jesus, and was the legal father of Jesus.

Anthony of Padua

121 Anthony of Padua, OFM or Anthony of Lisbon was a Portuguese Catholic priest and friar of the Franciscan Order.

Francis of Assisi

111 Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, known as Francis of Assisi, was an Italian mystic, poet and Catholic friar who founded the religious order of the Franciscans. He was inspired to lead a Christian life of poverty as a beggar and itinerant preacher. One of the most venerated figures in Christianity, Francis was canonized by Pope Gregory IX on 16 July 1228. He is commonly portrayed wearing a brown habit with a rope tied around his waist, featuring three knots that symbolize the three Franciscan vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

Juan Carlos I

106 Juan Carlos I is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 November 1975 until his abdication on 19 June 2014. In Spain, since his abdication, Juan Carlos has usually been referred to as the rey emérito by the press.

Michael (archangel)

105 Michael, also called Saint Michael the Archangel, Archangel Michael and Saint Michael the Taxiarch is an archangel in Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and the Baha'i faith. The earliest surviving mentions of his name are in third- and second-century-BC Jewish works, often but not always apocalyptic, where he is the chief of the angels and archangels, and he is the guardian prince of Israel and is responsible for the care of Israel. Christianity conserved nearly all the Jewish traditions concerning him, and he is mentioned explicitly in Revelation 12:7–12, where he does battle with Satan, and in the Epistle of Jude, where the author denounces heretics by contrasting them with Michael.

John the Apostle

104 John the Apostle, also known as Saint John the Beloved and, in Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Saint John the Theologian, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Generally listed as the youngest apostle, he was the son of Zebedee and Salome. His brother James was another of the Twelve Apostles. The Church Fathers identify him as John the Evangelist, John of Patmos, John the Elder, and the Beloved Disciple, and testify that he outlived the remaining apostles and was the only one to die of natural causes, although modern scholars are divided on the veracity of these claims.

Isidore the Laborer

99 Isidore the Laborer, also known as Isidore the Farmer, was a Spanish farmworker known for his piety toward the poor and animals. He is the Catholic patron saint of farmers, and of Madrid; El Gobernador, Jalisco; La Ceiba, Honduras; and of Tocoa, Honduras. His feast day is celebrated on 15 May.

Saint Peter

98 Saint Peter, also known as Peter the Apostle, Simon Peter, Simeon, Simon, or Cephas, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ and one of the first leaders of the early Christian Church. He appears repeatedly and prominently in all four New Testament gospels as well as the Acts of the Apostles. Catholic tradition accredits Peter as the first bishop of Rome‍—‌or pope‍—‌and also as the first bishop of Antioch.

Saint Anne

90 According to apocrypha, as well as Christian and Islamic tradition, Saint Anne was the mother of Mary, the wife of Joachim and the maternal grandmother of Jesus. Mary's mother is not named in the Bible's canonical gospels. In writing, Anne's name and that of her husband Joachim come only from New Testament apocrypha, of which the Gospel of James seems to be the earliest that mentions them. The mother of Mary is mentioned but not named in the Quran.

Jesus

89 Jesus, also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many other names and titles, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the central figure of Christianity, the world's largest religion. Most Christians believe Jesus to be the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited messiah, the Christ that is prophesied in the Old Testament.

Saint Sebastian

88 Sebastian was an early Christian saint and martyr. According to traditional belief, he was killed during the Diocletianic Persecution of Christians. He was initially tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows, though this did not kill him. He was, according to tradition, rescued and healed by Irene of Rome, which became a popular subject in 17th-century painting. In all versions of the story, shortly after his recovery he went to Diocletian to warn him about his sins, and as a result was clubbed to death. He is venerated in the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church.

Roque González y de Santa Cruz

82 Roque González de Santa Cruz, SJ was a Jesuit priest who was the first missionary among the Guarani people in Paraguay. He is honored as a martyr and saint by the Catholic Church.

Alexander Fleming

81 Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance, which he named penicillin. His discovery in 1928 of what was later named benzylpenicillin from the mould Penicillium rubens has been described as the "single greatest victory ever achieved over disease". For this discovery, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

Federico García Lorca

80 Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca, known as Federico García Lorca, was a Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director. García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27, a group consisting mostly of poets who introduced the tenets of European movements into Spanish literature.

Antonio Machado

76 Antonio Cipriano José María y Francisco de Santa Ana Machado y Ruiz, known as Antonio Machado, was a Spanish poet and one of the leading figures of the Spanish literary movement known as the Generation of '98. His work, initially modernist, evolved towards an intimate form of symbolism with romantic traits. He gradually developed a style characterised by both an engagement with humanity on one side and an almost Taoist contemplation of existence on the other, a synthesis that according to Machado echoed the most ancient popular wisdom. In Gerardo Diego's words, Machado "spoke in verse and lived in poetry."

Pablo Picasso

68 Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War.

Andrew the Apostle

66 Andrew the Apostle, also called Saint Andrew, was an apostle of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was a fisherman and one of the Twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus. The title First-Called stems from the Gospel of John, where Andrew, initially a disciple of John the Baptist, follows Jesus and, recognizing him as the Messiah, introduces his brother Simon Peter to him.

Prince of Asturias

64 Prince or Princess of Asturias is the main substantive title used by the heir apparent, heiress apparent or heir presumptive to the throne of Spain. According to the Spanish Constitution of 1978:Article 57 [...] 2. The heir apparent, heiress apparent or presumptive, from birth or event that makes him such, will have the dignity of Prince of Asturias and other titles traditionally linked to the successor of the Crown of Spain.

James I of Aragon

62 James I the Conqueror was King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and Valencia from 1238 to 1276. His long reign of 62 years is not only the longest of any Iberian monarch, but one of the longest monarchical reigns in history, ahead of Hirohito but remaining behind Queen Victoria and Ferdinand III of Naples and Sicily. He saw the expansion of the Crown of Aragon in three directions: Languedoc to the north, the Balearic Islands to the southeast, and Valencia to the south. By a treaty with Louis IX of France, he achieved the renunciation of any possible claim of French suzerainty over the County of Barcelona and the other Catalan counties, while he renounced northward expansion and taking back the once Catalan territories in Occitania and vassal counties loyal to the County of Barcelona, lands that were lost by his father Peter II of Aragon in the Battle of Muret during the Albigensian Crusade and annexed by the Kingdom of France, and then decided to turn south. His great part in the Reconquista was similar in Mediterranean Spain to that of his contemporary Ferdinand III of Castile in Andalusia. One of the main reasons for this formal renunciation of most of the once Catalan territories in Languedoc and Occitania and any expansion into them is the fact that he was raised by the Knights Templar crusaders, who had defeated his father fighting for the Pope alongside the French, so it was effectively forbidden for him to try to maintain the traditional influence of the Count of Barcelona that previously existed in Occitania and Languedoc.

Pope John XXIII

62 Pope John XXIII was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 1963.

Pablo Casals

60 Pau Casals i Defilló, known in English by his Spanish name Pablo Casals, was a Spanish and Puerto Rican cellist, composer, and conductor. He made many recordings throughout his career of solo, chamber, and orchestral music, including some as conductor, but he is perhaps best remembered for the recordings he made of the Cello Suites by Bach. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy.

Rosalía de Castro

60 María Rosalía Rita de Castro, was a Galician poet and novelist, considered one of the most important figures of the 19th-century Spanish literature and modern lyricism. Widely regarded as the greatest Galician cultural icon, she was a leading figure in the emergence of the literary Galician language. Through her work, she projected multiple emotions, including the yearning for the celebration of Galician identity and culture, and female empowerment. She is credited with challenging the traditional female writer archetype.

Francisco Goya

58 Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His paintings, drawings, and engravings reflected contemporary historical upheavals and influenced important 19th- and 20th-century painters. Goya is often referred to as the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns.

Jacint Verdaguer

58 Jacint Verdaguer i Santaló was a Catalan writer, regarded as one of the greatest poets of Catalan literature and a prominent literary figure of the Renaixença, a cultural revival movement of the late Romantic era. The bishop Josep Torras i Bages, one of the main figures of Catalan nationalism, called him the "Prince of Catalan poets". He was also known as mossèn (Father) Cinto Verdaguer, because of his career as a priest, and informally also simply "mossèn Cinto".

Saint Dominic

57 Saint Dominic,, also known as Dominic de Guzmán, was a Castilian Catholic priest and the founder of the Dominican Order. He is the patron saint of astronomers and natural scientists, and he and his order are traditionally credited with spreading and popularizing the rosary. He is alternatively called Dominic of Osma, Dominic of Caleruega, and Domingo Félix de Guzmán.

Salvador of Horta

57 Salvador of Horta was a Spanish Franciscan lay brother from the region of Catalonia in Spain, who was celebrated as a miracle worker during his lifetime. He is honored as a saint by the Catholic Church.

Hernán Cortés

54 Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the king of Castile in the early 16th century. Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish explorers and conquistadors who began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

Concepción Arenal

54 Concepción Arenal Ponte was a graduate in law, thinker, journalist, poet and Galician dramatic author within the literary Realism and pioneer in Spanish feminism. Born in Ferrol, Galicia, she excelled in literature and was the first woman to attend university in Spain. She was also a pioneer and founder of the feminist movement in Spain.

Miguel Hernández

54 Miguel Hernández Gilabert was a 20th-century Spanish-language poet and playwright associated with the Generation of '27 and the Generation of '36 movements. Born and raised in a family of low resources, he was self-taught in what refers to literature, and struggled against an unfavourable environment to build up his intellectual education, such as a father who physically abused him for spending time with books instead of working, and who took him out of school as soon as he finished his primary education. At school, he became a friend of Ramón Sijé, a well-educated boy who lent and recommended books to Hernández, and whose death would inspire his most famous poem, Elegy.

Jaime Balmes

52 Jaime Luciano Balmes y Urpiá was a Spanish philosopher, theologian, Catholic apologist, sociologist and political writer. Familiar with the doctrine of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Balmes was an original philosopher who did not belong to any particular school or stream, and was called by Pius XII the Prince of Modern Apologetics.

Vincent Ferrer

51 Vincent Ferrer, OP was a Valencian Dominican friar and preacher, who gained acclaim as a missionary and a logician. He is honored as a saint of the Catholic Church and other churches of Catholic traditions.

Juan Ramón Jiménez

51 Juan Ramón Jiménez Mantecón was a Spanish poet, a prolific writer who received the 1956 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his lyrical poetry, which in the Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistic purity". One of Jiménez's most important contributions to modern poetry was his advocacy of the concept of "pure poetry".

Lope de Vega

50 Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio was a Spanish playwright, poet, and novelist who was a key figure in the Spanish Golden Age (1492–1659) of Baroque literature. In the literature of Spain, Lope de Vega is second to Miguel de Cervantes. Cervantes said that Lope de Vega was “The Phoenix of Wits” and “Monster of Nature”.

Severo Ochoa

49 Severo Ochoa de Albornoz was a Spanish physician and biochemist, and winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together with Arthur Kornberg for their discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)".

Saint George

49 Saint George, also George of Lydda, was an early Christian martyr who is venerated as a saint in Christianity. According to tradition, he was a soldier in the Roman army. Of Cappadocian Greek origin, he became a member of the Praetorian Guard for Roman emperor Diocletian, but was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith. He became one of the most venerated saints, heroes and megalomartyrs in Christianity, and he has been especially venerated as a military saint since the Crusades. He is respected by Christians, Druze, as well as some Muslims as a martyr of monotheistic faith.

Diego Velázquez

49 Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, Knight of the Order of Santiago was a Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain and Portugal, and of the Spanish Golden Age.

Salamanca

49 Salamanca is a municipality and city in Spain, capital of the province of the same name, located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is located in the Campo Charro comarca, in the Meseta Norte, in the northwestern quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula. It has a population of 144,436 registered inhabitants. Its stable functional area reaches 203,999 citizens, which makes it the second most populated in the autonomous community, after Valladolid. Salamanca is known for its large number of remarkable Plateresque-style buildings.

Martin of Tours

48 Martin of Tours, also known as Martin the Merciful, was the third bishop of Tours. He has become one of the most familiar and recognizable Christian saints in France, heralded as the patron saint of the Third Republic, and is patron saint of many communities and organizations across Europe. A native of Pannonia, he converted to Christianity at a young age. He served in the Roman cavalry in Gaul, but left military service at some point prior to 361, when he became a disciple of Hilary of Poitiers, establishing the monastery at Ligugé. He was consecrated as Bishop of Caesarodunum (Tours) in 371. As bishop, he was active in the suppression of the remnants of Gallo-Roman religion, but he opposed the violent persecution of the Priscillianist sect of ascetics.

Bartholomew the Apostle

48 Bartholomew was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Most scholars today identify Bartholomew as Nathanael or Nathaniel, who appears in the Gospel of John.

Saint Lawrence

46 Saint Lawrence or Laurence was one of the seven deacons of the city of Rome under Pope Sixtus II who were martyred in the persecution of the Christians that the Roman Emperor Valerian ordered in 258.

Marina of Aguas Santas

46 Saint Marina of Aguas Santas (Marina of Ourense) (c.120–135 AD) is a virgin martyr from Aguas Santas, in the province of Ourense. The story of her life as it has been preserved is a mixture of fact and legends.

Jacinto Benavente

46 Jacinto Benavente y Martínez was one of the foremost Spanish dramatists of the 20th century. He was awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize in Literature "for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama".

Francesc Macià

45 Francesc Macià i Llussà was a Catalan politician who served as the 122nd president of the Generalitat of Catalonia, and formerly an officer in the Spanish Army.

Augustine of Hippo

45 Augustine of Hippo, also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa. His writings influenced the development of Western philosophy and Western Christianity, and he is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers of the Latin Church in the Patristic Period. His many important works include The City of God, On Christian Doctrine, and Confessions.

James the Great

44 James the Great was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was the second of the apostles to die, and the first to be martyred. Saint James is the patron saint of Spain and, according to tradition, his remains are held in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia.

Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo

43 Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo was a Spanish scholar, historian and literary critic. Even though his main interest was the history of ideas, and Hispanic philology in general, he also cultivated poetry, translation and philosophy. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.

Mary Magdalene

43 Mary Magdalene was a woman who, according to the four canonical gospels, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers and was a witness to his crucifixion and resurrection. She is mentioned by name twelve times in the canonical gospels, more than most of the apostles and more than any other woman in the gospels, other than Jesus's family. Mary's epithet Magdalene may be a toponymic surname, meaning that she came from the town of Magdala, a fishing town on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee in Roman Judea.

Francisco Pizarro

42 Francisco Pizarro, Marquess of the Atabillos was a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.

Teresa Urrea

41 Teresa Urrea, often referred to as Teresita and also known as Santa Teresa or La Santa de Cábora among the Mayo, was a Mexican mystic, folk healer, and revolutionary insurgent.

Andrés Segovia

41 Andrés Segovia Torres, 1st Marquis of Salobreña was a Spanish virtuoso classical guitarist. Many professional classical guitarists were either students of Segovia or students of Segovia's students. Segovia's contribution to the modern-romantic repertoire included not only commissions but also his own transcriptions of classical or baroque works. He is remembered for his expressive performances: his wide palette of tone, and his distinctive musical personality, phrasing and style.

Saint Lucy

41 Lucia of Syracuse (283–304), also called Saint Lucia was a Roman Christian martyr who died during the Diocletianic Persecution. She is venerated as a saint in Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, and Eastern Orthodox Christianity. She is one of eight women explicitly commemorated by Catholics in the Canon of the Mass. Her traditional feast day, known in Europe as Saint Lucy's Day, is observed by Western Christians on 13 December. Lucia of Syracuse was honored in the Middle Ages and remained a well-known saint in early modern England. She is one of the best known virgin martyrs, along with Agatha of Sicily, Agnes of Rome, Cecilia of Rome, and Catherine of Alexandria.

Saint Barbara

40 Saint Barbara, known in the Eastern Orthodox Church as the Great Martyr Barbara, was an early Christian Greek saint and martyr.

Pope Pius XII

40 Pope Pius XII was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958. Before his election to the papacy, he served as secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, papal nuncio to Germany, and Cardinal Secretary of State, in which capacity he worked to conclude treaties with various European and Latin American nations, including the Reichskonkordat treaty with the German Reich.

Pablo Iglesias Posse

40 Pablo Iglesias Posse was a Spanish socialist and Marxist labour leader. He is regarded as the father of Spanish socialism, having founded the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in 1879 and the Spanish General Workers' Union (UGT) in 1888.

Josep Anselm Clavé

39 Josep Anselm Clavé i Camps was a Spanish politician, composer and writer, founder of the choral movement in Catalonia and a promoter of the associative movement.

Mark the Evangelist

38 Mark the Evangelist also known as John Mark or Saint Mark, is the person who is traditionally ascribed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark. Modern Bible scholars have concluded that the Gospel of Mark was written by an anonymous author rather than an identifiable historical figure. According to Church tradition, Mark founded the episcopal see of Alexandria, which was one of the five most important sees of early Christianity. His feast day is celebrated on April 25, and his symbol is the winged lion.

Bartolomé Esteban Murillo

38 Bartolomé Esteban Murillo was a Spanish Baroque painter. Although he is best known for his religious works, Murillo also produced a considerable number of paintings of contemporary women and children. These lively realistic portraits of flower girls, street urchins, and beggars constitute an extensive and appealing record of the everyday life of his times. He also painted two self-portraits, one in the Frick Collection portraying him in his 30s, and one in London's National Gallery portraying him about 20 years later. In 2017–18, the two museums held an exhibition of them.

Ausiàs March

37 Ausiàs March was a medieval Valencian poet and knight from Gandia, Valencia. He is considered one of the most important poets of the "Golden Century" of Catalan/Valencian literature.

Isaac Peral

37 Isaac Peral y Caballero, was a Spanish engineer, naval officer and designer of the Peral Submarine. He joined the Spanish navy in 1866, and developed the first electric-powered submarine which was launched in 1888. It was not accepted by political authorities, but it was accepted by the navy. He then left the navy to develop other inventions commercially.

Pedro Calderón de la Barca

37 Pedro Calderón de la Barca was a Spanish dramatist, poet, writer and knight of the Order of Santiago. He is known as one of the most distinguished Baroque writers of the Spanish Golden Age, especially for his plays.

Àngel Guimerà

37 Àngel Guimerà i Jorge, usually known simply as Àngel Guimerà, was a Catalan playwriter. His work is known for bringing together under romantic aspects the main elements of realism. He is considered one of the principal representatives of the Renaixença movement, at the end of the nineteenth century.

Lluís Companys

37 Lluís Companys i Jover was a Catalan politician who served as president of Catalonia from 1934 and during the Spanish Civil War.

Antipope Benedict XIII

36 Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor, known as el Papa Luna in Spanish and Pope Luna in English, was an Aragonese nobleman who, as Benedict XIII, is considered an antipope by the Catholic Church.

Clare of Assisi

36 Chiara Offreduccio, known as Clare of Assisi, was an Italian saint who was one of the first followers of Francis of Assisi.

Rafael Alberti

36 Rafael Alberti Merello was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27. He is considered one of the greatest literary figures of the so-called Silver Age of Spanish Literature, and he won numerous prizes and awards. He died aged 96. After the Spanish Civil War, he went into exile because of his Marxist beliefs. On his return to Spain after the death of Franco, he was named Hijo Predilecto de Andalucía in 1983 and Doctor Honoris Causa by the Universidad de Cádiz in 1985.

Saint Nicholas

36 Saint Nicholas of Myra, also known as Nicholas of Bari, was an early Christian bishop of Greek descent from the maritime city of Patara in Anatolia during the time of the Roman Empire. Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nicholas the Wonderworker. Saint Nicholas is the patron saint of sailors, merchants, archers, repentant thieves, children, brewers, pawnbrokers, toymakers, unmarried people, and students in various cities and countries around Europe. His reputation evolved among the pious, as was common for early Christian saints, and his legendary habit of secret gift-giving gave rise to the traditional model of Santa Claus through Sinterklaas.

Saint Blaise

36 Blaise of Sebaste was a physician and bishop of Sebastea in historical Lesser Armenia who is venerated as a Christian saint and martyr. He is counted as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers.

Vicente Blasco Ibáñez

35 Vicente Blasco Ibáñez was a journalist, politician and bestselling Spanish novelist in various genres whose most widespread and lasting fame in the English-speaking world is from Hollywood films that were adapted from his works.

Enric Prat de la Riba

35 Enric Prat de la Riba i Sarrà was a Catalan politician, lawyer and writer. He was a member of the Centre Escolar Catalanista, where one of the earliest definitions of Catalan nationalism was formulated. He became the first President of the Commonwealth of Catalonia on 6 April 1914 and retained this office until his death. He wrote the book and political manifesto La nacionalitat catalana in which greater autonomy to Catalonia was advocated. He died in 1917 and is interred in the Montjuïc Cemetery in Barcelona.

Cristóbal Magallanes Jara

34 Cristóbal Magallanes Jara, also known as Christopher Magallanes, was a Mexican Catholic priest and martyr who was killed without trial on the way to say Mass during the Cristero War. He had faced trumped-up charges of inciting rebellion.

Manuel de Falla

34 Manuel de Falla y Matheu was a Spanish composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz, Francisco Tárrega, and Enrique Granados, he was one of Spain's most important musicians of the first half of the 20th century. He has a claim to being Spain's greatest composer of the 20th century, although the number of pieces he composed was relatively modest.

Clara Campoamor

34 Clara Campoamor Rodríguez was a Spanish politician, lawyer and writer, considered by some the mother of the Spanish feminist movement. She was one of the main promoters for women's suffrage in Spain, included in the Spanish Constitution of 1931 in part owing to her advocacy.

Miguel de Unamuno

33 Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo was a Spanish essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher, professor of Greek and Classics, and later rector at the University of Salamanca.

Santiago Rusiñol

33 Santiago Rusiñol i Prats was a Catalan painter, poet, journalist, collector and playwright. He was one of the leaders of the Catalan modernisme movement. He created more than a thousand paintings and wrote numerous works in Catalan and Spanish.

Anthony the Great

33 Anthony the Great was a Christian monk from Egypt, revered since his death as a saint. He is distinguished from other saints named Anthony, such as Anthony of Padua, by various epithets: Anthony of Egypt, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Anthony the Hermit, and Anthony of Thebes. For his importance among the Desert Fathers and to all later Christian monasticism, he is also known as the Father of All Monks. His feast day is celebrated on 17 January among the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches and on Tobi 22 in the Coptic calendar.

Gregorio Marañón

32 Gregorio Marañón y Posadillo, OWL was a Spanish physician, scientist, historian, writer and philosopher. He married Dolores Moya in 1911, and they had four children.

Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo

32 Leopoldo Ramón Pedro Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo, 1st Marquess of Ría de Ribadeo, usually known as Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, was Prime Minister of Spain between 1981 and 1982.

Ignatius of Loyola

32 Ignatius of Loyola, venerated as Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a Spanish Catholic priest and theologian, who, with six companions, founded the religious order of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), and became its first Superior General, in Paris in 1541.

Rose of Lima

31 Rose of Lima, TOSD was a member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic in Lima, Peru, who became known for both her life of severe penance and her care of the poverty stricken of the city through her own private efforts. Rose of Lima was born to a noble family and is the patron saint of embroidery, gardening and cultivation of blooming flowers. A lay member of the Dominican Order, she was declared a saint by the Catholic Church, being the first person born in the Americas to be canonized as such.

Casto Méndez Núñez

31 Casto Secundino María Méndez Núñez was a Spanish naval officer. In late 1865, during the Chincha Islands War between Spain, Peru and Chile, he became general commander of the Spanish fleet in the Pacific. He took that post after the suicide of Admiral José Manuel Pareja on November 26, 1865, two days after the naval Battle of Papudo. As general commander, he received a promotion from Commodore to Rear Admiral.

Joaquín Sorolla

30 Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida was a Spanish painter. Sorolla excelled in the painting of portraits, landscapes, and monumental works of social and historical themes. His most typical works are characterized by a dexterous representation of the people and landscape under the bright sunlight of Spain and sunlit water.

Benito Pérez Galdós

30 Benito Pérez Galdós was a Spanish realist novelist. He was a leading literary figure in 19th-century Spain, and some scholars consider him second only to Miguel de Cervantes in stature as a Spanish novelist.

Jusepe de Ribera

30 Jusepe de Ribera was a Spanish painter and printmaker. Ribera, Francisco de Zurbarán, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, and the singular Diego Velázquez, are regarded as the major artists of Spanish Baroque painting. Referring to a series of Ribera exhibitions held in the late 20th century, Philippe de Montebello wrote "If Ribera's status as the undisputed protagonist of Neapolitan painting had ever been in doubt, it was no longer. Indeed, to many it seemed that Ribera emerged from these exhibitions as not simply the greatest Neapolitan artist of his age but one of the outstanding European masters of the seventeenth century." Jusepe de Ribera has also been referred to as José de Ribera, Josep de Ribera, and Lo Spagnoletto by his contemporaries, early historians, and biographers.

Narcís Monturiol

29 Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol was a Spanish inventor, artist and engineer born in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain. He was the inventor of the first air-independent and combustion-engine-driven submarine.

Mariana Pineda

29 Mariana de Pineda y Muñoz, generally known as Mariana Pineda, was a Spanish liberalist heroine. May 26th, the anniversary of her execution, is a local holiday in the city of Granada.

José de Espronceda

28 José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda y Delgado was a Romantic Spanish poet, one of the most representative authors of the 19th century. He was influenced by Eugenio de Ochoa, Federico Madrazo, Alfred Tennyson, Richard Chenevix Trench and Diego de Alvear.

Pompeu Fabra

28 Pompeu Fabra i Poch was a Catalan engineer and grammarian from Spain. He was the main author of the normative reform of contemporary Catalan language.

Francisco de Zurbarán

27 Francisco de Zurbarán was a Spanish painter. He is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his still-lifes. Zurbarán gained the nickname "Spanish Caravaggio", owing to the forceful use of chiaroscuro in which he excelled.

Raphael (archangel)

27 Raphael is an archangel first mentioned in the Book of Tobit and in 1 Enoch, both estimated to date from between the 3rd and 2nd century BCE. In later Jewish tradition, he became identified as one of the three heavenly visitors entertained by Abraham at the Oak of Mamre. He is not named in either the New Testament or the Quran, but later Christian tradition identified him with healing and as the angel who stirred waters in the Pool of Bethesda in John 5:2–4, and in Islam, where his name is Israfil, he is understood to be the unnamed angel of Quran 6:73, standing eternally with a trumpet to his lips, ready to announce the Day of Judgment. In Gnostic tradition, Raphael is represented on the Ophite Diagram.

Joan Maragall

27 Joan Maragall i Gorina was a Catalan poet, journalist and translator, the foremost member of the modernisme movement in literature. His manuscripts are preserved in the Joan Maragall Archive of Barcelona.

Federica Montseny

27 Frederica Montseny i Mañé was a Spanish anarchist and intellectual who served as Minister of Health and Social Assistance in the Government of the Spanish Republic during the Civil War. She is known as a novelist and essayist and for being one of the first female ministers in Western Europe. She published about fifty short novels with a romantic-social background aimed specifically at women of the proletarian class, as well as political, ethical, biographical and autobiographical writings

Isabella I of Castile

27 Isabella I, also called Isabella the Catholic, was Queen of Castile and León from 1474 until her death in 1504. She was also Queen of Aragon from 1479 until her death as the wife of King Ferdinand II. Reigning together over a dynastically unified Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand are known as the Catholic Monarchs.

Antoni Gaudí

26 Antoni Gaudí i Cornet was a Catalan architect and designer from Spain, known as the greatest exponent of Catalan Modernism. Gaudí's works have a highly individualized, sui generis style. Most are located in Barcelona, including his main work, the church of the Sagrada Família.

Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros

26 Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, OFM was a Spanish cardinal, religious figure, and statesman. Starting from humble beginnings he rose to the heights of power, becoming a religious reformer, twice regent of Spain, Cardinal, Grand Inquisitor, promoter of the Crusades in North Africa, and founder of the Alcalá University. Among his intellectual accomplishments, he is best known for funding the Complutensian Polyglot Bible, the first printed polyglot version of the entire Bible. He also edited and published the first printed editions of the missal and the breviary of the Mozarabic Rite, and established a chapel with a college of thirteen priests to celebrate the Mozarabic Liturgy of the Hours and Eucharist each day in the Toledo Cathedral.

Ramón de Campoamor y Campoosorio

26 Ramón María de las Mercedes Pérez de Campoamor y Campoosorio, known as Ramón de Campoamor, was a Spanish realist poet and philosopher.

Joaquín Costa

25 Joaquín Costa was a Spanish politician, lawyer, economist and historian.                           

Eulalia of Barcelona

25 Eulalia, co-patron saint of Barcelona, was a 13-year-old Roman Christian virgin who was martyred in Barcelona during the persecution of Christians in the reign of emperor Diocletian. There is some dispute as to whether she is the same person as Eulalia of Mérida, whose story is similar.

Ferdinand III of Castile

25 Ferdinand III, called the Saint, was King of Castile from 1217 and King of León from 1230 as well as King of Galicia from 1231. He was the son of Alfonso IX of León and Berenguela of Castile. Through his second marriage he was also Count of Aumale. Ferdinand III was one of the most successful kings of Castile, securing not only the permanent union of the crowns of Castile and León, but also masterminding the most expansive southward territorial expansion campaign yet in the Guadalquivir Valley, in which Islamic rule was in disarray in the wake of the decline of the Almohad presence in the Iberian Peninsula. He was made a saint in 1671.

Saint Stephen

25 Stephen is traditionally venerated as the protomartyr or first martyr of Christianity. According to the Acts of the Apostles, he was a deacon in the early church at Jerusalem who angered members of various synagogues by his teachings. Accused of blasphemy at his trial, he made a speech denouncing the Jewish authorities who were sitting in judgment on him and was then stoned to death. Saul of Tarsus, later known as Paul the Apostle, a Pharisee and Roman citizen who would later become an apostle, participated in Stephen's martyrdom.

Julio Romero de Torres

25 Julio Romero de Torres was a Spanish painter. His brothers, Rafael and Enrique, also became painters.

José Antonio Primo de Rivera

25 José Antonio Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia, 1st Duke of Primo de Rivera, 3rd Marquess of Estella GE, often referred to simply as José Antonio, was a Spanish fascist politician who founded the Falange Española, later Falange Española de las JONS.

Camilo José Cela

24 Camilo José Cela y Trulock, 1st Marquess of Iria Flavia was a Spanish novelist, poet, story writer and essayist associated with the Generation of '36 movement.

Queen Victoria

24 Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days—which was longer than those of any of her predecessors—constituted the Victorian era. It was a period of industrial, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. In 1876, the British Parliament voted to grant her the additional title of Empress of India.

Vicente Aleixandre

24 Vicente Pío Marcelino Cirilo Aleixandre y Merlo was a Spanish poet who was born in Seville. Aleixandre received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1977 "for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars". He was part of the Generation of '27.

Niceto Alcalá-Zamora

24 Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres was a Spanish lawyer and politician who served, briefly, as the first prime minister of the Second Spanish Republic, and then—from 1931 to 1936—as its president.

María Auxiliadora

24 María, auxilio de los cristianos es un título antiguo dado a María, madre de Jesús. San Juan Crisóstomo, nacido en torno a los años 345-350 y obispo de Constantinopla desde el año 398, la llamaba «Auxilio potentísimo, fuerte y eficaz de los que siguen a Cristo». Este título tomó fuerza en Occidente con el papa Pío V en el siglo XVI y fue definitivamente popularizado con el desarrollo de las obras educativas y apostólicas de Don Bosco en el siglo XIX, en la advocación mariana de María Auxiliadora. Aunque comúnmente se asocia el título con la Iglesia católica, la Iglesia ortodoxa también lo conoce desde que en 1030 Ucrania logró defenderse de una invasión bárbara, hecho que la religiosidad de la época atribuyó al auxilio de la Virgen María.

José Canalejas y Méndez

24 José Canalejas y Méndez was a Spanish politician, born in Ferrol, who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1910 until his assassination in 1912.

Catherine of Palma

24 Catherine of Palma was a Spanish canon and mystic from Mallorca. She is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and her feast day is commonly celebrated on 5 April although in her home town of Valldemossa she is remembered on the 27 and 28 of July.

Raymond Nonnatus

24 Raymond Nonnatus, O. de M., is a saint from Catalonia in Spain. His nickname refers to his birth by Caesarean section, his mother having died while giving birth to him.

José Serrano (composer)

23 José Serrano Simeón was a Spanish composer, known for producing zarzuelas. He was born in Sueca, Valencia, Spain.

Pope John Paul II

23 Pope John Paul II was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005.

Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente

23 Félix Samuel Rodríguez de la Fuente was a Spanish naturalist and broadcaster. He is best known for the highly successful and influential TV series, El Hombre y la Tierra (1974–1980). A graduate in medicine and self-taught in biology, he was a multifaceted charismatic figure whose influence has endured despite the passing years.

John Bosco

23 John Melchior Bosco, SDB, popularly known as Don Bosco, was an Italian Catholic priest, educator and writer of the 19th century. While working in Turin, where the population suffered many of the ill effects of industrialization and urbanization, he dedicated his life to the betterment and education of street children, juvenile delinquents, and other disadvantaged youth. He developed teaching methods based on love rather than punishment, a method that became known as the Salesian Preventive System.

Juan de la Cierva

23 Juan de la Cierva y Codorníu, 1st Count of la Cierva, was a Spanish civil engineer, pilot and a self-taught aeronautical engineer. His most famous accomplishment was the invention in 1920 of a rotorcraft called Autogiro, a single-rotor type of aircraft that came to be called autogyro in the English language. In 1923, after four years of experimentation, De la Cierva developed the articulated rotor, which resulted in the world's first successful flight of a stable rotary-wing aircraft, with his C.4 prototype.

Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés

22 Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, commonly known as Oviedo, was a Spanish soldier, historian, writer, botanist and colonist. Oviedo participated in the Spanish colonization of the West Indies, arriving in the first few years after Christopher Columbus became the first European to arrive at the islands in 1492. Oviedo's chronicle Historia general de las Indias, published in 1535 to expand on his 1526 summary La Natural hystoria de las Indias, forms one of the few primary sources about it. Portions of the original text were widely read in the 16th century in Spanish, English, Italian and French editions, and introduced Europeans to the hammock, the pineapple, and tobacco as well as creating influential representations of the colonized peoples of the region.

Blas Infante

22 Blas Infante Pérez de Vargas was an Andalusian socialist politician, Georgist, writer, historian and musicologist. He is considered the "father of Andalusia" by Andalusian nationalists.

José Echegaray

22 José Echegaray y Eizaguirre was a Spanish civil engineer, mathematician, statesman, and one of the leading Spanish dramatists of the last quarter of the 19th century. He was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama".

Tirso de Molina

22 Gabriel Téllez, also known as Tirso de Molina, was a Spanish Baroque dramatist, poet, and Roman Catholic monk. He is primarily known for writing The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest, the play from which the character Don Juan originates. His work also includes female protagonists and the exploration of sexual issues.

Pope Gregory I

22 Pope Gregory I, commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the 64th Bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death. He is known for instituting the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome, the Gregorian mission, to convert the then largely pagan Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. Gregory is also well known for his writings, which were more prolific than those of any of his predecessors as pope. The epithet Saint Gregory the Dialogist has been attached to him in Eastern Christianity because of his Dialogues. English translations of Eastern texts sometimes list him as Gregory "Dialogos" from the Greek διάλογος, or the Anglo-Latinate equivalent "Dialogus".

Alfonso XIII

21 Alfonso XIII, also known as El Africano or the African due to his Africanist views, was King of Spain from his birth until 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He became a monarch at birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year. Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902.

Enrique Granados

21 Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña, commonly known as Enrique Granados in Spanish or Enric Granados in Catalan, was a Spanish composer of classical music, and concert pianist from Catalonia, Spain. His most well-known works include Goyescas, the Spanish Dances, and María del Carmen.

Elizabeth of Portugal

21 Elizabeth of Aragon, more commonly known as Elizabeth of Portugal, was queen consort of Portugal who is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church.

Rita of Cascia

21 Rita of Cascia, OSA, was an Italian widow and Augustinian nun. After Rita's husband died, she joined an Augustinian community of religious sisters, where she was known both for practicing mortification of the flesh and for the efficacy of her prayers. Various miracles are attributed to her intercession, and she is often portrayed with a bleeding wound on her forehead, which is understood to indicate a partial stigmata.

Francisco Espoz y Mina

21 Francisco Espoz y Mina Ilundáin (1781–1836) was a Spanish guerrilla leader and general.             

Charles III of Spain

21 Charles III was King of Spain in the years 1759 to 1788. He was also Duke of Parma and Piacenza, as Charles I (1731–1735); King of Naples, as Charles VII; and King of Sicily, as Charles III (1735–1759). He was the fourth son of Philip V of Spain and the eldest son of Philip's second wife, Elisabeth Farnese. He was a proponent of enlightened absolutism and regalism.

Queen Sofía of Spain

21 Sofía is a member of the Spanish royal family who was Queen of Spain from 1975 to 2014 as the wife of King Juan Carlos I. She is the first child of Paul of Greece and Frederica of Hanover.

Saturnino Calleja

21 Saturnino Calleja Fernández fue un editor, pedagogo, escritor y traductor español, fundador de la Editorial Calleja, autor de libros de educación primaria y de lecturas infantiles.

Pablo Neruda

21 Pablo Neruda was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician who won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature. Neruda became known as a poet when he was 13 years old and wrote in a variety of styles, including surrealist poems, historical epics, political manifestos, a prose autobiography, and passionate love poems such as the ones in his collection Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair (1924).

Louis IX of France

21 Louis IX, commonly revered as Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death in 1270. He is widely recognized as the most distinguished of the Direct Capetians. Following the death of his father, Louis VIII, he was crowned in Reims at the age of 12. His mother, Blanche of Castile, effectively ruled the kingdom as regent until he came of age and continued to serve as his trusted adviser until her death. During his formative years, Blanche successfully confronted rebellious vassals and championed the Capetian cause in the Albigensian Crusade, which had been ongoing for the past two decades.

Juan Sebastián Elcano

20 Juan Sebastián Elcano was a Spanish navigator, ship-owner and explorer of Basque origin from Getaria, part of the Crown of Castile when he was born, best known for having completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth in the Spanish ship Victoria on the Magellan expedition to the Spice Islands. He received recognition for his achievement by Charles I of Spain with a coat of arms bearing a globe and the Latin motto Primus circumdedisti me.

Joan Miró

20 Joan Miró i Ferrà was a Catalan Spanish painter, sculptor and ceramist born in Barcelona. Professionally, he was simply known as Joan Miró. A museum dedicated to his work, the Fundació Joan Miró, was established in his native city of Barcelona in 1975, and another, the Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró, was established in his adoptive city of Palma in 1981.

Pío Baroja

20 Pío Baroja y Nessi was a Spanish writer, one of the key novelists of the Generation of '98. He was a member of an illustrious family. His brother Ricardo was a painter, writer and engraver, and his nephew Julio Caro Baroja, son of his younger sister Carmen, was a well-known anthropologist.

Emilia Pardo Bazán

20 Emilia Pardo Bazán y de la Rúa-Figueroa, countess of Pardo Bazán, was a Spanish novelist, journalist, literary critic, poet, playwright, translator, editor and professor. She introduced many feminist ideas, along with naturalism and descriptions of reality, making her one of the greatest and well known female writers of her era. Her ideas about women's rights for education also made her a prominent feminist figure.

Isaac Albéniz

20 Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz y Pascual was a Spanish virtuoso pianist, composer, and conductor. He is one of the foremost composers of the Post-Romantic era who also had a significant influence on his contemporaries and younger composers. He is best known for his piano works based on Spanish folk music idioms. Isaac Albéniz was close to the Generation of '98.

José María Gabriel y Galán

19 José María Gabriel y Galán was a Spanish poet in Castilian and Extremaduran.                       

Juan Prim

19 Juan Prim y Prats, 1st Count of Reus, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos, 1st Viscount of Bruch was a Spanish general and statesman who was briefly Prime Minister of Spain until his assassination.

Rafael Casanova

19 Rafael Casanova i Comes was a Catalan jurist and supporter of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor as a claimant to the Crown of Spain during the War of the Spanish succession. He became mayor of Barcelona and commander in chief of Catalonia during the Siege of Barcelona until he was wounded in combat while commanding La Coronela during the counterattack on the Saint Peter front on the last day of the siege, 11 September 1714. After the war he received a royal pardon for having supported the Habsburg claim to the Spanish throne. He recovered from his wounds, and continued his fight against absolute monarchy as a lawyer. It has been claimed that he is the author of the book Record de l'Aliança fet el Sereníssim Jordi Augusto Rey de la Gran Bretanya in which Catalonia reminds England of the Treaty of Genoa and their obligation to Catalonia.

Ducado de Ahumada

19 El ducado de Ahumada es un título nobiliario español, vitalicio y con Grandeza de España de primera clase, concedido por la reina Isabel II a Pedro Agustín Girón y de las Casas, iv marqués de las Amarillas y ministro de Guerra, el 26 de abril de 1835, por decreto, y el 11 de marzo de 1836 mediante real despacho. Este ducado es conocido porque el segundo duque fue el fundador de la Guardia Civil.

John of the Cross

18 John of the Cross, OCD was a Spanish Catholic priest, mystic, and Carmelite friar of converso origin. He is a major figure of the Counter-Reformation in Spain, and he is one of the thirty-seven Doctors of the Church.

Michael Servetus

18 Michael Servetus was a Spanish theologian, physician, cartographer, and Renaissance humanist. He was the first European to correctly describe the function of pulmonary circulation, as discussed in Christianismi Restitutio (1553). He was a polymath versed in many sciences: mathematics, astronomy and meteorology, geography, human anatomy, medicine and pharmacology, as well as jurisprudence, translation, poetry, and the scholarly study of the Bible in its original languages.

Luis de Góngora

18 Luis de Góngora y Argote was a Spanish Baroque lyric poet and a Catholic prebendary for the Church of Córdoba. Góngora and his lifelong rival, Francisco de Quevedo, are widely considered the most prominent Spanish poets of all time. His style is characterized by what was called culteranismo, also known as Gongorismo. This style apparently existed in stark contrast to Quevedo's conceptismo, though Quevedo was highly influenced by his older rival from whom he may have isolated "conceptismo" elements.

Joan Fuster

18 Joan Fuster i Ortells was an influential Spanish writer. He is considered a major writer in the Valencian language, and his work contributed to reinvigorate left-wing, pro-Catalan nationalism in Valencia during the Spanish transition to democracy. In his influential political essay Nosaltres, els valencians (1962) he coined the term Països Catalans to refer to the Catalan-speaking territories.

Thomas the Apostle

18 Thomas the Apostle, also known as Didymus, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Thomas is commonly known as "Doubting Thomas" because he initially doubted the resurrection of Jesus Christ when he was told of it ; he later confessed his faith on seeing the places where the wounds had healed on the holy body of Jesus after the Crucifixion of Jesus. While it is often assumed he touched the wounds in art and poetry, the scriptures do not say that he touched the wounds.

Salvador Allende

18 Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens was a Chilean socialist politician who served as the 28th president of Chile from 1970 until his death in 1973. As a democratic socialist committed to democracy, he has been described as the first Marxist to be elected president in a liberal democracy in Latin America.

Teresa of Ávila

18 Teresa of Ávila, OCD, also called Saint Teresa of Jesus, was a Carmelite nun and prominent Spanish mystic and religious reformer.

Salvador Dalí

18 Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marquess of Dalí of Púbol, known as Salvador Dalí, was a Spanish surrealist artist renowned for his technical skill, precise draftsmanship, and the striking and bizarre images in his work.

Celso Emilio Ferreiro

18 Celso Emilio Ferreiro Míguez (1912–1979) was a Galicianist activist, writer, poet, and political journalist.

Sabino Arana

17 Sabino Policarpo Arana Goiri, Sabin Polikarpo Arana Goiri, or Arana ta Goiri'taŕ Sabin (self-styled), was a Spanish writer and the founder of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV). Arana is considered the father of Basque nationalism.

Marie Curie

17 Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie, known simply as Marie Curie, was a Polish and naturalised-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win a Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two scientific fields. Her husband, Pierre Curie, was a co-winner of her first Nobel Prize, making them the first-ever married couple to win the Nobel Prize and launching the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was, in 1906, the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris.

Juan Luis Vives

17 Juan Luis Vives March was a Spanish (Valencian) scholar and Renaissance humanist who spent most of his adult life in the southern Hapsburg Netherlands. His beliefs on the soul, insight into early medical practice, and perspective on emotions, memory and learning earned him the title of the "father" of modern psychology. Vives was the first to shed light on some key ideas that established how psychology is perceived today.

Vasco Núñez de Balboa

17 Vasco Núñez de Balboa was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for crossing the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World.

Joseph Calasanz

17 Joseph Calasanz, , also known as Joseph Calasanctius and Iosephus a Matre Dei, was a Spanish Catholic priest, educator and the founder of the Pious Schools, which provided free education to poor boys. For this purpose he founded the religious order that ran them, commonly known as the Piarists. He was a close friend of the renowned astronomer Galileo Galilei. Joseph is honored as a saint by the Catholic Church, following his 1767 papal canonization.

Antonio Maura

17 Antonio Maura Montaner was Prime Minister of Spain on five separate occasions.                     

Adolfo Suárez

17 Adolfo Suárez González, 1st Duke of Suárez was a Spanish lawyer and politician. Suárez was Spain's first democratically elected prime minister since the Second Spanish Republic and a key figure in the country's transition to democracy after the dictatorship of Francisco Franco.

Ramon Llull

17 Ramon Llull, anglicised as Raymond Lully or Lull, was a philosopher, theologian, poet, missionary, Christian apologist and former knight from the Kingdom of Majorca.

Alfonso X of Castile

16 Alfonso X was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germany on 1 April. He renounced his claim to Germany in 1275, and in creating an alliance with the Kingdom of England in 1254, his claim on the Duchy of Gascony as well

Lazarus of Bethany

16 Lazarus of Bethany is a figure within the Christian Bible, mentioned in the New Testament in the Gospel of John, who four days after his death is restored to life by Jesus. This is seen by Christians as one of the miracles of Jesus. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Lazarus is venerated as Righteous Lazarus, the Four-Days Dead. The Eastern Orthodox and Catholic traditions offer varying accounts of the later events of his life.

Emilio Castelar

16 Emilio Castelar y Ripoll was a Spanish republican politician, and a president of the First Spanish Republic.

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

16 Charles V was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555. He was heir to and then head of the rising House of Habsburg. His dominions in Europe included the Holy Roman Empire, extending from Germany to northern Italy with rule over the Austrian hereditary lands and Burgundian Low Countries, and Spain with its possessions of the southern Italian kingdoms of Naples, Sicily and Sardinia. In the Americas, he oversaw the continuation of Spanish colonization and a short-lived German colonization. The personal union of the European and American territories he ruled was the first collection of realms labelled "the empire on which the sun never sets".

Don Quixote

16 Don Quixote is a Spanish epic novel by Miguel de Cervantes. It was originally published in two parts, in 1605 and 1615. Considered a founding work of Western literature, it is often labelled as the first modern novel and the greatest work ever written. Don Quixote is also one of the most-translated books in the world and one of the best-selling novels of all time.

Benedict of Nursia

16 Benedict of Nursia, often known as Saint Benedict, was an Italian Christian monk, writer, and theologian. He is venerated in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Anglican Communion, and Old Catholic Churches. In 1964 Pope Paul VI declared Benedict a patron saint of Europe.

Francisco Vidal y Barraquer

16 Francisco de Asís Vidal y Barraquer was a Spanish Catalan cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Tarragona from 1919 until his death; he was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 1921.

Saint Cecilia

16 Saint Cecilia, also spelled Cecelia, was a Roman virgin martyr and is venerated in Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran churches, such as the Church of Sweden. She became the patroness of music and musicians, it being written that, as the musicians played at her wedding, Cecilia "sang in her heart to the Lord". Musical compositions are dedicated to her, and her feast, on 22 November, is the occasion of concerts and musical festivals. She is also known as Cecilia of Rome.

John of Austria

16 Don John of Austria was the illegitimate son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles V met his son only once, recognizing him in a codicil to his will. John became a military leader in the service of his half-brother, King Philip II of Spain, Charles V's heir, and is best known for his role as the admiral of the Holy League fleet at the Battle of Lepanto.

Francesc Pi i Margall

16 Francesc Pi i Margall was a Spanish federalist and republican politician and theorist who served as president of the short-lived First Spanish Republic in 1873. He was also a historian, philosopher, romanticist writer, and was also the leader of the Federal Democratic Republican Party and the Democratic Party. Pi was turned into a sort of secular saint in his time.

José Ortega y Gasset

16 José Ortega y Gasset was a Spanish philosopher and essayist. He worked during the first half of the 20th century while Spain oscillated between monarchy, republicanism, and dictatorship. His philosophy has been characterized as a "philosophy of life" that "comprised a long-hidden beginning in a pragmatist metaphysics inspired by William James, and with a general method from a realist phenomenology imitating Edmund Husserl, which served both his proto-existentialism and his realist historicism, which has been compared to both Wilhelm Dilthey and Benedetto Croce."

Inca Garcilaso de la Vega

16 Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, born Gómez Suárez de Figueroa and known as El Inca, was a chronicler and writer born in the Viceroyalty of Peru. Sailing to Spain at 21, he was educated informally there, where he lived and worked the rest of his life. The natural son of a Spanish conquistador and an Inca noblewoman born in the early years of the conquest, he is known primarily for his chronicles of Inca history, culture, and society. His work was widely read in Europe, influential and well received. It was the first literature by an author born in the Americas to enter the western canon.

Luis Buñuel

15 Luis Buñuel Portolés was a Spanish filmmaker who worked in France, Mexico, and Spain. He has been widely considered by many film critics, historians, and directors to be one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time. Buñuel’s works were known for their avant-garde surrealism which were also infused with political commentary.

Alfonso XII

15 Alfonso XII, also known as El Pacificador, was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 1885.

Philip II of Spain

15 Philip II, also known as Philip the Prudent, was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598. He was also jure uxoris King of England and Ireland from his marriage to Queen Mary I in 1554 until her death in 1558. He was also Duke of Milan from 1540. From 1555, he was Lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands.

Rubén Darío

15 Félix Rubén García Sarmiento, known as Rubén Darío, was a Nicaraguan poet who initiated the Spanish-language literary movement known as modernismo (modernism) that flourished at the end of the 19th century. Darío had a great and lasting influence on 20th-century Spanish-language literature and journalism.

Isabella II

15 Isabella II was Queen of Spain from 1833 until her deposition in 1868. She is the only queen regnant in the history of unified Spain.

José María de Pereda

15 José María de Pereda y Sánchez de Porrúa was a Spanish novelist, and a Member of the Royal Spanish Academy.

Josep Pla

15 Josep Pla i Casadevall was a Spanish journalist and a popular author. As a journalist he worked in France, Italy, Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union, from where he wrote political and cultural chronicles in Catalan and Spanish.

Ignacio Zuloaga

15 Ignacio Zuloaga y Zabaleta was a Spanish painter, born in Eibar, Guipuzcoa, near the monastery of Loyola.

Anthony Mary Claret

15 Anthony Mary Claret, CMF was a Spanish Catholic prelate and missionary who served as Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba and was the confessor of Isabella II of Spain. He founded the congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, commonly called the Claretians.

Marià Fortuny

15 Marià Josep Maria Bernat Fortuny i Marsal, known more simply as Marià Fortuny or Mariano Fortuny, was the leading Spanish painter of his day, with an international reputation. His brief career encompassed works on a variety of subjects common in the art of the period, including the Romantic fascination with Orientalist themes, historicist genre painting, military painting of Spanish colonial expansion, as well as a prescient loosening of brush-stroke and color.

John the Baptist

15 John the Baptist was a Jewish preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early 1st century AD. He is also known as Saint John the Forerunner in Eastern Orthodoxy, John the Immerser in some Baptist Christian traditions, Saint John by certain Catholic churches, and Prophet Yahya in Islam. He is sometimes alternatively referred to as John the Baptiser.

Salvador Espriu

15 Salvador Espriu i Castelló was a Catalan poet from Spain.                                           

Galileo Galilei

14 Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei, commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei or simply Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. He was born in the city of Pisa, then part of the Duchy of Florence. Galileo has been called the father of observational astronomy, modern-era classical physics, the scientific method, and modern science.

Gabriel Miró

14 Gabriel Miró Ferrer, known as Gabriel Miró, was a Spanish modernist writer. In 1900 he finished his studies in law at the University of Granada and the University of Valencia. He focused mainly on writing novels, but also collaborated to a large number of newspapers such as: El Heraldo, Los Lunes de El Imparcial, ABC and El Sol. He was among the contributors of the Madrid-based avant-garde magazine Prometeo between 1908 and 1912. The rich and poetic language, the philosophical and theological ideas, and the subtle irony are some of the main characteristics of his works. Gabriel Miró preferred to focus on the intimate world of his characters and its development, in the inner relations between everything in their surrounding and the way they evolve in time.

Gloria Fuertes

14 Gloria Fuertes García was a Spanish poet, author of children's literature, and regular participant in children's television shows. She was part of the post-war literary movement of postismo, and a member of the Generation of '50. Her work focused on gender equality, pacifism, and environmentalism.

Diego de Almagro

14 Diego de Almagro, also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo, was a Spanish conquistador known for his exploits in western South America. He participated with Francisco Pizarro in the Spanish conquest of Peru. While subduing the Inca Empire he laid the foundation for Quito and Trujillo as Spanish cities in present-day Ecuador and Peru respectively. From Peru, Almagro led the first Spanish military expedition to central Chile. Back in Peru, a longstanding conflict with Pizarro over the control of the former Inca capital of Cuzco erupted into a civil war between the two bands of conquistadores. In the battle of Las Salinas in 1538, Almagro was defeated by the Pizarro brothers and months later he was executed.

Juan de Padilla

14 Juan de Padilla, OFM (1500–1542) was a Spanish Catholic priest and missionary who spent much of his life exploring North America with Francisco Vásquez de Coronado. He was killed in what would become Kansas by Native Americans in 1542.

Josep Tarradellas

14 Josep Tarradellas i Joan, 1st Marquess of Tarradellas was a Catalonia politician known for his role as the first president of the Government of Catalonia, after its re-establishment in 1977 under the new Spanish Constitution and the end of the Francoist Dictatorship. He was appointed the role of 125th President of Catalonia in 1954 but spent 23 years in exile until 1977 when he was officially recognised as the President of Catalonia by the Spanish Government.

Manuel Curros Enríquez

14 Manuel Curros Enríquez was a Galician writer and journalist in the Galician language, and is considered to be one of the leading figures of Galician culture and identity.

Infanta María Cristina of Spain

14 Infanta Maria Cristina of Spain, Countess Marone-Cinzano was the fifth child and younger daughter of Alfonso XIII of Spain and Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg and paternal aunt of King Juan Carlos I.

Maria Torribia

13 Maria Toribia was a Spanish peasant woman who is believed to have married Saint Isidore. She is known in Spain as Santa María de la Cabeza.

Ferdinand II of Aragon

13 Ferdinand II was King of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516. As the husband of Queen Isabella I of Castile, he was also King of Castile from 1475 to 1504. He reigned jointly with Isabella over a dynastically unified Spain; together they are known as the Catholic Monarchs. Ferdinand is considered the de facto first king of Spain, and was described as such during his reign, even though, legally, Castile and Aragon remained two separate kingdoms until they were formally united by the Nueva Planta decrees issued between 1707 and 1716.

Leonardo Torres Quevedo

13 Leonardo Torres Quevedo was a Spanish civil engineer, mathematician, and inventor of the late 19th century and early 20th century. A member of the Royal Spanish Academy since 1920, he was also a corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences, among other institutions. Torres was a prolific and versatile innovator in various fields of engineering, including mechanics, aeronautics and automatics. One of his greatest achievements was El Ajedrecista of 1912, an electromagnetic device capable of playing a limited form of chess that demonstrated the capability of machines to be programmed to follow specified rules (heuristics) and marked the beginnings of research into the development of artificial intelligence.

Armando Palacio Valdés

13 Armando Francisco Bonifacio Palacio y Rodríguez-Valdés was a Spanish novelist and critic.           

Gaspar Casal

13 Gaspar Roque Francisco Narciso Casal Julian was a Spanish physician remembered for describing the Casal collar in pellagra.

Vincent de Paul

13 Vincent de Paul, CM, commonly known as Saint Vincent de Paul, was an Occitan French Catholic priest who dedicated himself to serving the poor.

Concha Espina

13 María de la Concepción Jesusa Basilisa Rodríguez-Espina y García-Tagle, short form Concha Espina, was a Spanish writer. She was nominated for a Nobel prize in literature 25 times in 28 years.

Bernard of Clairvaux

12 Bernard of Clairvaux, O. Cist., venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templar, and a major leader in the reformation of the Benedictine Order through the nascent Cistercian Order.

Martha

12 Martha is a biblical figure described in the Gospels of Luke and John. Together with her siblings Lazarus and Mary of Bethany, she is described as living in the village of Bethany near Jerusalem. She was witness to Jesus resurrecting her brother, Lazarus.

Juan de Herrera

12 Juan de Herrera was a Spanish architect, mathematician and geometrician.                           

Albert Einstein

12 Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held to be one of the greatest and most influential scientists of all time. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics, and was thus a central figure in the revolutionary reshaping of the scientific understanding of nature that modern physics accomplished in the first decades of the twentieth century. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been called "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World, Einstein was ranked the greatest physicist of all time. His intellectual achievements and originality have made the word Einstein broadly synonymous with genius.

Mariano Benlliure

12 Mariano Benlliure y Gil was a Spanish sculptor and medallist, who executed many public monuments and religious sculptures in Spain, working in a heroic realist style.

Francis Xavier

12 Francis Xavier, SJ, venerated as Saint Francis Xavier, was a Spanish Catholic missionary and saint who co-founded the Society of Jesus and, as a representative of the Portuguese Empire, led the first Christian mission to Japan.

Antonio Cánovas del Castillo

12 Antonio Cánovas del Castillo was a Spanish politician and historian known principally for serving six terms as Prime Minister and his overarching role as "architect" of the regime that ensued with the 1874 restoration of the Bourbon monarchy. He died in office at the hands of an anarchist, Michele Angiolillo.

Jaume Ferran i Clua

12 Jaime Ferran y Clua was a Spanish-French bacteriologist and sanitarian, contemporary of Robert Koch, and said by his fellows to have made some of the discoveries attributed to Koch. As early as 1885, he wrote on immunization against cholera. In 1893, his work on this subject was translated into French with the title L'Inoculation préventive contre le Cholera.

Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Santillana

12 Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquess of Santillana was a Castilian politician and poet who held an important position in society and literature during the reign of John II of Castile.

Dulcinea del Toboso

12 Dulcinea del Toboso is a fictional character who is unseen in Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quixote. Don Quixote believes he must have a lady, under the mistaken view that chivalry requires it. As he does not have one, he invents her, making her the very model of female perfection: "[h]er name is Dulcinea, her country El Toboso, a village of La Mancha, her rank must be at least that of a princess, since she is my queen and lady, and her beauty superhuman, since all the impossible and fanciful attributes of beauty which the poets apply to their ladies are verified in her; for her hairs are gold, her forehead Elysian fields, her eyebrows rainbows, her eyes suns, her cheeks roses, her lips coral, her teeth pearls, her neck alabaster, her bosom marble, her hands ivory, her fairness snow, and what modesty conceals from sight such, I think and imagine, as rational reflection can only extol, not compare".

Agustina de Aragón

12 Agustina Raimunda María Saragossa i Domènech, better known as Agustina of Aragón, was a Spanish heroine who defended Spain during the Peninsular War, first as a civilian and later as a professional officer in the Spanish Army. Known as "the Spanish Joan of Arc," she has been the subject of much folklore, mythology, and artwork, including sketches by Francisco Goya and the poetry of Lord Byron.

Víctor Balaguer i Cirera

12 Víctor Balaguer i Cirera was a Spanish politician and author, was born at Barcelona on 11 December 1824, and was educated at the university of his native city.

Didacus of Alcalá

12 Didacus of Alcalá, also known as Diego de San Nicolás, was a Spanish Franciscan lay brother who served among the first group of missionaries to the newly conquered Canary Islands. He died at Alcalá de Henares on 12 November 1463 and is now honoured by the Catholic Church as a saint.

Alexandre Bóveda

12 Alexandre Bóveda Iglesias, commonly known as Alexandre Bóveda, was a Spanish politician and financial officer from Galicia. He is considered one of the most important Galicianist intellectuals during the Spanish Second Republic. He was one of the founders and key member of the Partido Galeguista, origin of contemporary Galician nationalism.

Ramón Menéndez Pidal

11 Ramón Menéndez Pidal was a Spanish philologist and historian. He worked extensively on the history of the Spanish language and Spanish folklore and folk poetry. One of his main topics was the history and legend of El Cid. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in 26 separate years, the most nominations of any other person.

Luis de León

11 Luis de León, was a Spanish lyric poet, Augustinian friar, theologian and academic.                 

Leonardo da Vinci

11 Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested on his achievements as a painter, he has also become known for his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on a variety of subjects, including anatomy, astronomy, botany, cartography, painting, and paleontology. Leonardo is widely regarded to have been a genius who epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal, and his collective works comprise a contribution to later generations of artists matched only by that of his younger contemporary Michelangelo.

Jorge Juan y Santacilia

11 Jorge Juan y Santacilia was a Spanish mariner, mathematician, natural scientist, astronomer, engineer, and educator. He is generally regarded as one of the most important scientific figures of the Enlightenment in Spain. As a military officer, he undertook sensitive diplomatic missions for the Spanish crown and contributed to the modernization and professionalization of the Spanish Navy. In his lifetime, he came to be known as el sabio español. His career as a public servant constitutes an important chapter in the Bourbon Reforms of the 18th century.

Simón Bolívar

11 Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire. He is known colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator of America.

Pablo de Sarasate

11 Pablo Martín Melitón de Sarasate y Navascués, commonly known as Pablo de Sarasate, was a Spanish (Navarrese) violinist, composer and conductor of the Romantic period. His best known works include Zigeunerweisen, the Spanish Dances, and the Carmen Fantasy.

Julian the Hospitaller

11 Saint Julian the Hospitaller is a saint venerated in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. He is patron saint of the cities of Ghent (Belgium), Saint Julian's (Malta) and Macerata (Italy).

Joaquín Rodrigo

11 Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre, 1st Marquess of the Gardens of Aranjuez, was a Spanish composer and a virtuoso pianist. He is best known for composing the Concierto de Aranjuez, a cornerstone of the classical guitar repertoire.

Daoiz y Velarde

11 La pareja de nombres Daoiz y Velarde suele aludir a los capitanes Luis Daoiz y Torres y Pedro Velarde y Santillán, oficiales de Artillería del cuartel de Monteleón que se sumaron al levantamiento del 2 de mayo de 1808 contra las tropas francesas.

Ramón Cabanillas

11 Ramón Cabanillas Enríquez, Moncho para los amigos, fue un poeta gallego. Considerado dentro de la literatura gallega como el enlace entre el Rexurdimento y la modernidad literaria del siglo XX, la crítica suele encuadrarlo bien en una generación intermedia, la llamada Xeración Antre Dous Séculos, bien como un miembro más de la generación literaria surgida a la luz de las Irmandades da Fala.

Roger de Flor

11 Roger de Flor, also known as Ruggero/Ruggiero da Fiore or Rutger von Blum or Ruggero Flores, was an Italian military adventurer and condottiere active in Aragonese Sicily, Italy, and the Byzantine Empire. He was the commander of the Great Catalan Company and held the title Count of Malta.

Gabriela Mistral

11 Lucila Godoy Alcayaga, known by her pseudonym Gabriela Mistral, was a Chilean poet-diplomat, educator, and Catholic. She was a member of the Secular Franciscan Order or Third Franciscan order. She was the first Latin American author to receive a Nobel Prize in Literature in 1945, "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world". Some central themes in her poems are nature, betrayal, love, a mother's love, sorrow and recovery, travel, and Latin American identity as formed from a mixture of Native American and European influences. Her image is featured on the 5,000 Chilean peso banknote.

Lope de Rueda

11 Lope de Rueda (c.1505<1510–1565) was a Spanish dramatist and author, regarded by some as the best of his era. A versatile writer, he also wrote comedies, farces, and pasos. He was the precursor to what is considered the golden age of Spanish literature.

Francisco de Quevedo

11 Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Santibáñez Villegas, Knight of the Order of Santiago was a Spanish nobleman, politician and writer of the Baroque era. Along with his lifelong rival, Luis de Góngora, Quevedo was one of the most prominent Spanish poets of the age. His style is characterized by what was called conceptismo. This style existed in stark contrast to Góngora's culteranismo.

Sancho Panza

11 Sancho Panza is a fictional character in the novel Don Quixote written by Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra in 1605. Sancho acts as squire to Don Quixote and provides comments throughout the novel, known as sanchismos, that are a combination of broad humour, ironic Spanish proverbs, and earthy wit. "Panza" in Spanish means "belly".

Miguel Delibes

11 Miguel Delibes Setién MML was a Spanish novelist, journalist and newspaper editor associated with the Generation of '36 movement. From 1975 until his death, he was a member of the Royal Spanish Academy, where he occupied letter "e" seat. Educated in commerce, he began his career as a cartoonist and columnist. He later became the editor for the regional newspaper El Norte de Castilla before gradually devoting himself exclusively to writing novels.

Manuel Carrasco Formiguera

11 Manuel Carrasco i Formiguera, was a Spanish lawyer and Christian democrat Catalan nationalist politician. His execution, by order of Francisco Franco, provoked protests from Catholic journalists such as Joseph Ageorges, the President of the International Federation of Catholic Journalists. Ageorges wrote, "Even more than the death of the Duke of Enghien stained the memory of Napoleon, the death of Carrasco has stained the reputation of Franco". Such protests, in turn, provoked the anger of the Francoist press. His funeral in Paris on 27 April 1938 was attended by many notable people, including Joan Miró, Ossorio y Gallardo, Josep M. de Sagarra, Joaquim Ventalló and Jacques Maritain and his wife Raissa.

Ángel Herrera Oria

10 Ángel Herrera Oria was a Spanish journalist and Roman Catholic politician and later a cardinal. He established the Instituto Social León XIII to promote the social doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church and named it in honor of Pope Paul VI who elevated him to the rank of cardinal in 1965.

María Zambrano

10 María Zambrano Alarcón was a Spanish essayist and philosopher associated with the Generation of '36 movement. Her extensive work between the civic engagement and the poetic reflection started to be recognised in Spain over the last quarter of the 20th century after living many years in exile. She was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award (1981) and the Miguel de Cervantes Prize (1988).

Joaquín Turina

10 Joaquín Turina Pérez was a Spanish composer of classical music.                                     

Manuel Azaña

10 Manuel Azaña Díaz was a Spanish politician who served as Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic, organizer of the Popular Front in 1935 and the last President of the Republic (1936–1939). He was the most prominent leader of the Republican cause during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939.

León Felipe

10 León Felipe Camino Galicia was an anti-fascist Spanish poet.                                       

Juan de Urbieta

10 Juan de Urbieta Berástegui y Lezo was a Basque infantryman who became famous when he captured king Francis I of France near the end of the Battle of Pavia on 24 February 1525.

Juan de Garay

10 Juan de Garay (1528–1583) was a Spanish conquistador. Garay's birthplace is disputed. Some say it was in the city of Junta de Villalba de Losa in Castile, while others argue he was born in the area of Orduña. There's no birth certification whatsoever, though Juan De Garay regarded himself as somebody from Biscay. He served under the Crown of Castille, in the Viceroyalty of Peru. He was governor of Asunción and founded a number of cities in present-day Argentina, many near the Paraná River area, including the second foundation of Buenos Aires, in 1580.

María Moliner

10 María Moliner was a Spanish librarian and lexicographer. She is perhaps best known for her Diccionario de uso del español, first published in 1966–1967, when she completed the work started in 1952.

Dolores Ibárruri

10 Isidora Dolores Ibárruri Gómez, also known as Pasionaria, "the passionate one" or Passion flower", was a Spanish Republican politician of the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 and a communist known for her slogan ¡No Pasarán! issued during the Battle for Madrid in November 1936.

Clement of Rome

10 Clement of Rome, also known as Pope Clement I, was the bishop of Rome in the late first century AD. He is listed by Irenaeus and Tertullian as the bishop of Rome, holding office from 88 AD to his death in 99 AD. He is considered to be the first Apostolic Father of the Church, one of the three chief ones together with Polycarp and Ignatius of Antioch.

Álvaro de Bazán, Marquis of Santa Cruz

10 Álvaro de Bazán y Guzmán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, was a Spanish admiral and landlord.           

Juan Vázquez de Mella

10 Juan Vázquez de Mella y Fanjul (1861–1928) was a Spanish politician and a political theorist. He is counted among the greatest Traditionalist thinkers, at times considered the finest author of Spanish Traditionalism of all time. A politician active within Carlism, he served as a longtime Cortes deputy and one of the party leaders. He championed an own political strategy, known as Mellismo, which led to secession and formation of a separate grouping.

Ramón del Valle-Inclán

10 Ramón María del Valle-Inclán y de la Peña was a Spanish dramatist, novelist, and member of the Spanish Generation of 98. His work was considered radical in its subversion of the traditional Spanish theatre in the early 20th century. He influenced later generations of Spanish dramatists and is honored on National Theatre Day with a statue in Madrid.

Josep Maria Folch i Torres

10 Josep Maria Folch i Torres, fou un novel·lista, narrador i autor teatral. És considerat el creador del teatre català per a infants. La seva extensíssima producció, dedicada sobretot als infants i adolescents li donà una extraordinària popularitat, mai abans no aconseguida per un escriptor en català. Era el pare de Ramon Folch i Camarasa.

Pau Claris i Casademunt

10 Pau Claris i Casademunt was a Catalan lawyer, clergyman and 94th President of the Deputation of the General of Catalonia at the beginning of the Catalan Revolt. On 16 January 1641 he proclaimed the Catalan Republic under the protection of France.

Eduardo Dato

9 Eduardo Dato e Iradier was a Spanish political leader during the Spanish Restoration period. He served three times as Spanish prime minister: from 27 October 1913 to 9 December 1915, from 11 June 1917 to 3 November 1917, and from 28 April 1920 until his assassination by Catalan anarchists. Also he held eleven cabinet ministries, and was four times president of the Spanish Congress of Deputies.

Michelangelo

9 Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, known mononymously as Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was inspired by models from classical antiquity and had a lasting influence on Western art. Michelangelo's creative abilities and mastery in a range of artistic arenas define him as an archetypal Renaissance man, along with his rival and elder contemporary, Leonardo da Vinci. Given the sheer volume of surviving correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences, Michelangelo is one of the best-documented artists of the 16th century. He was lauded by contemporary biographers as the most accomplished artist of his era.

Victoria Kent

9 Victoria Kent Siano was a Spanish lawyer and republican politician.                                 

Francisco Tomás y Valiente

9 Francisco Tomás y Valiente was a Spanish jurist, historian, and writer. He was professor of history of law in the Autonomous University of Madrid. He presided Spain's Constitutional Court from 1986 to 1992. He was assassinated by ETA in 1996.

Ruperto Chapí

9 Ruperto Chapí y Lorente was a Spanish composer, and co-founder of the Spanish Society of Authors and Publishers.

Juan de la Cosa

9 Juan de la Cosa was a Castilian navigator and cartographer, known for designing the earliest European world map which incorporated the territories of the Americas discovered in the 15th century. De la Cosa was the owner and master of the Santa María, and thus played an important role in the first and second voyage of Christopher Columbus to the West Indies.

Joanot Martorell

9 Joanot Martorell was a Valencian knight and writer, best known for authoring the novel Tirant lo Blanch, written in Catalan/Valencian and published at Valencia in 1490. This novel is often regarded as one of the peaks of the literature in Catalan language and it played a major role in influencing later writers such as Miguel de Cervantes, who, in the book burning scene of Don Quixote, says "I swear to you, my friend, this is the best book of its kind in the world". The novel deals with the adventures of a knight in the Byzantine Empire; it is considered one of the first works of alternate history.

Blas de Otero

9 Blas de Otero was a Spanish poet, associated with the Social poetry movement of the 1950s and 60s in Spain.

Ildefonsus

9 Ildefonsus or Ildephonsus was a scholar and theologian who served as the metropolitan Bishop of Toledo for the last decade of his life. His Gothic name was Hildefuns. In the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church he is known as Dexius based on the Ge'ez translation of legends about his life.

Enrique Tierno Galván

9 Enrique Tierno Galván was a Spanish politician, sociologist, lawyer and essayist, best known for being the Mayor of Madrid from 1979 to 1986, at the beginning of the new period of Spanish democracy. His time as Mayor of Madrid was marked by the development of Madrid both administratively and socially, and the cultural movement known as the Movida madrileña.

Alfonso VI of León and Castile

9 Alfonso VI, nicknamed the Brave or the Valiant, was king of León (1065–1109), Galicia (1071–1109), and Castile (1072–1109).

Luis Chamizo

9 Luis Florencio Chamizo Trigueros was a Spanish writer in Castilian and "Castúo", a dialect in Extremadura. He was born within a humble family and he started writing poems secretly.

Quintero brothers

9 Serafín Álvarez Quintero and Joaquín Álvarez Quintero were Spanish dramatists.                     

Louis Braille

9 Louis Braille was a French educator and the inventor of a reading and writing system named after him, braille, intended for use by visually impaired people. His system is used worldwide and remains virtually unchanged to this day.

Pinzón brothers

9 The Pinzón brothers were Spanish sailors, pirates, explorers and fishermen, natives of Palos de la Frontera, Huelva, Spain. Martín Alonso, Francisco Martín and Vicente Yáñez, participated in Christopher Columbus's first expedition to the New World and in other voyages of discovery and exploration in the late 15th and early 16th centuries.

Ángel Ganivet

9 Ángel Ganivet García was a Spanish writer and diplomat. He was considered a precursor to the Generation of '98.

Juan Ruiz

9 Juan Ruiz, known as the Archpriest of Hita, was a medieval Castilian poet. He is best known for his ribald, earthy poem, El Libro de buen amor.

Benigno Quiroga y López Ballesteros

9 Benigno Quiroga y López Ballesteros fue un ingeniero y político español, ministro de la Gobernación durante el reinado de Alfonso XIII.

Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro

9 Friar Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro was a Spanish monk and scholar who led the Age of Enlightenment in Spain. He was an energetic popularizer noted for encouraging scientific and empirical thought in an effort to debunk myths and superstitions.

Melquíades Álvarez (politician)

9 Melquíades Álvarez Gónzalez-Posada was a Spanish Republican politician, founder and leader of the Reformist Republican Party (Partido Republicano Reformista), commonly known just as Reformist Party and President of the Congress of Deputies between 1922 and 1923.

Montserrat Roig

9 Montserrat Roig i Fransitorra was a Catalan writer of novels, short stories and articles.           

Josep Irla

9 Josep Irla i Bosch was a Catalan businessman and politician. He was a deputy in the Parliament of Catalonia and the Spanish Congress in 1932, as an Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya affiliate. He was also the last President of Parliament of Catalonia at the end of Republican Catalan resistance in the Spanish Civil War, before Francisco Franco abolished the Generalitat of Catalonia. He was elected President of the Parliament of Catalonia on 1 October 1938. In office, Irla pushed for cooperation with the allies, Basque nationalists and other anti-Francoist groups, though excluding the communists. He became the President-in-exile of the Generalitat after Lluís Companys was executed. During his time as President-in-exile, he established a Government in exile, and appointed Josep Tarradellas as Conseller en Cap. He resigned as President in 1954.

Mercedes of Orléans

9 María de las Mercedes of Orléans was Queen of Spain as the first wife of King Alfonso XII. She was born in Madrid, the daughter of Antoine of Orléans, Duke of Montpensier, and Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain.

Antonio de Nebrija

9 Antonio de Nebrija was the most influential Spanish humanist of his era. He wrote poetry, commented on literary works, and encouraged the study of classical languages and literature, but his most important contributions were in the fields of grammar and lexicography. Nebrija was the author of the Spanish Grammar and the first dictionary of the Spanish language (1495). His grammar is the first published grammar study of any modern European language. His chief works were published and republished many times during and after his life and his scholarship had a great influence for more than a century, both in Spain and in the expanding Spanish Empire.

Gerardo Diego

9 Gerardo Diego Cendoya was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27.                       

Joaquín Blume

9 Joaquín Blume was a Spanish gymnast. The son of a German gymnastics instructor established in Barcelona, he belonged to the gymnastics section of FC Barcelona.

Juan Donoso Cortés

8 Juan Francisco María de la Salud Donoso Cortés y Fernández Canedo, marqués de Valdegamas was a Spanish counter-revolutionary author, diplomat, politician, and Catholic political theologian.

Aemilian of Cogolla

8 Saint Aemilian (; is an Iberic saint, widely revered throughout Spain, who lived during the age of Visigothic rule.

Guglielmo Marconi

8 Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi was an Italian inventor and electrical engineer, known for his creation of a practical radio wave–based wireless telegraph system. This led to Marconi's being credited as the inventor of radio, and he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy".

Catholic Monarchs of Spain

8 The Catholic Monarchs were Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose marriage and joint rule marked the de facto unification of Spain. They were both from the House of Trastámara and were second cousins, being both descended from John I of Castile; to remove the obstacle that this consanguinity would otherwise have posed to their marriage under canon law, they were given a papal dispensation by Sixtus IV. They married on October 19, 1469, in the city of Valladolid; Isabella was 18 years old and Ferdinand a year younger. It is generally accepted by most scholars that the unification of Spain can essentially be traced back to the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella. Their reign was called by W.H. Prescott "the most glorious epoch in the annals of Spain".

Mother Teresa

8 Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu MC, better known as Mother Teresa, was an Albanian-Indian Catholic nun and the founder of the Missionaries of Charity. Born in Skopje, then part of the Ottoman Empire, at the age of 18 she moved to Ireland and later to India, where she lived most of her life. On 4 September 2016, she was canonised by the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta. The anniversary of her death, 5 September, is her feast day.

Peter Pascual

8 Peter Pascual, in Latin originally Petrus Paschasius, was a supposed Mozarabic theologian, bishop, and martyr. His very existence has been called into question by recent scholarship.

Gonzalo de Berceo

8 Gonzalo de Berceo was a Castilian Spanish poet born in the Riojan village of Berceo, close to the major Benedictine monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla. He is celebrated for his poems on religious subjects, written in a style of verse which has been called Mester de Clerecía, shared with more secular productions such as the Libro de Alexandre, the Libro de Apolonio. He is considered the first Castilian poet known by name.

San Miguel de Allende

8 San Miguel de Allende is the principal city in the municipality of San Miguel de Allende, located in the far eastern part of Guanajuato, Mexico. A part of the Bajío region, the town lies 274 km (170 mi) from Mexico City, 86 km (53 mi) from Querétaro and 97 km (60 mi) from the state capital of Guanajuato. The town's name derives from a 16th-century friar, Juan de San Miguel, and a martyr of Mexican Independence, Ignacio Allende, who was born in a house facing the central plaza. San Miguel de Allende was a critical epicenter during the historic Chichimeca War (1540–1590) when the Chichimeca held back the Spanish Empire during the initial phases of European colonization. Today, an old section of the town is part of a proclaimed World Heritage Site, attracting thousands of tourists and new residents from abroad every year.

Helena, mother of Constantine I

8 Flavia Julia Helena, also known as Helena of Constantinople and in Christianity as Saint Helena, was an Augusta of the Roman Empire and mother of Emperor Constantine the Great. She was born in the lower classes traditionally in the Greek city of Drepanon, Bithynia, in Asia Minor, which was renamed Helenopolis in her honor, although several locations have been proposed for her birthplace and origin.

Mariano Gómez Ulla

8 Mariano Gómez Ulla fue un cirujano militar español. Presente en los campos de batalla de las guerras de África, de la Guerra Civil española, y en la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, donde desarrolló una intensa labor sanitaria. Presidente de la Organización Médica Colegial de España (1941-1945)

Thomas Edison

8 Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventions, which include the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and early versions of the electric light bulb, have had a widespread impact on the modern industrialized world. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of organized science and teamwork to the process of invention, working with many researchers and employees. He established the first industrial research laboratory.

Eduardo Pondal

8 Eduardo María González-Pondal Abente was a Galician (Spain) poet, who wrote in both Galician and Spanish.

Alejandro Casona

8 Alejandro Rodríguez Álvarez, known as Alejandro Casona was a Spanish poet and playwright born in Besullo, Spain, a member of the Generation of '27. Casona received his bachelor's degree in Gijon and later studied at the University of Murcia. After Franco's rise in 1936, he was forced, like many Spanish intellectuals, to leave Spain. He lived in Buenos Aires, Argentina until April 1962, when he definitively returned to Spain.

Johannes Gutenberg

8 Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a German inventor and craftsman who introduced letterpress printing to Europe with his movable-type printing press. Though movable type was already in use in East Asia, Gutenberg invented the printing press, which later spread across the world. His work led to an information revolution and the unprecedented mass-spread of literature throughout Europe. It had a profound impact on the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, and humanist movements.

José Zorrilla

8 José Zorrilla y Moral was a Spanish poet and dramatist, who became National Laureate.               

Virgen de la Fuensanta (Murcia)

8 La Virgen de la Fuensanta es la patrona principal de la ciudad de Murcia desde que así fuera proclamada en la primera mitad del siglo XVIII. Su onomástica se celebra el domingo siguiente al día 8 de septiembre.

Jacinto Guerrero

8 Jacinto Guerrero, was a prolific composer of zarzuelas and revues, as well as some orchestral compositions.

James II of Aragon

8 James II, called the Just, was the King of Aragon and Valencia and Count of Barcelona from 1291 to 1327. He was also the King of Sicily from 1285 to 1295 and the King of Majorca from 1291 to 1298. From 1297 he was nominally the King of Sardinia and Corsica, but he only acquired the island of Sardinia by conquest in 1324. His full title for the last three decades of his reign was "James, by the grace of God, king of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica, and count of Barcelona".

Maria Aurèlia Capmany

8 Maria Aurelia Capmany i Farnés was a Catalan novelist, playwright and essayist. She was also a prominent feminist cultural and anti-Franco activist.

Philip Neri

8 Philip Romolo Neri, known as the "Second Apostle of Rome" after Saint Peter, was an Italian Catholic priest noted for founding the Congregation of the Oratory, a society of secular clergy.

Duke of Alba

7 Duke of Alba de Tormes, commonly known as Duke of Alba, is a title of Spanish nobility that is accompanied by the dignity of Grandee of Spain. In 1472, the title of Count of Alba de Tormes, inherited by García Álvarez de Toledo, was elevated to the title of Duke of Alba de Tormes by King Henry IV of Castile.

Charles Darwin

7 Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended from a common ancestor is now generally accepted and considered a fundamental concept in science. In a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, he introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history and was honoured by burial in Westminster Abbey.

Isaac Newton

7 Sir Isaac Newton was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His pioneering book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, first published in 1687, consolidated many previous results and established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing infinitesimal calculus, though he developed calculus years before Leibniz.

Archimedes

7 Archimedes of Syracuse was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Considered the greatest mathematician of ancient history, and one of the greatest of all time, Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying the concept of the infinitely small and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical theorems. These include the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere, the area of an ellipse, the area under a parabola, the volume of a segment of a paraboloid of revolution, the volume of a segment of a hyperboloid of revolution, and the area of a spiral.

Teodor Llorente Olivares

7 Teodor Llorente Olivares fou un poeta valencià, escriptor en llengua catalana i castellana. És el poeta més reconegut de la Renaixença valenciana, un dels personatges més decisius de les lletres valencianes contemporànies i l'autor del segle xix que realitzà major i millor producció en valencià. Pel que fa a la seua producció en castellà, va influir entre poetes valencians d'estil romanticista del segle xix, traduint també obres internacionals d'autors d'este estil literari.

Ludwig van Beethoven

7 Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music. Beethoven's career has conventionally been divided into early, middle, and late periods. His early period, during which he forged his craft, is typically considered to have lasted until 1802. From 1802 to around 1812, his middle period showed an individual development from the styles of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and is sometimes characterized as heroic. During this time, he began to grow increasingly deaf. In his late period, from 1812 to 1827, he extended his innovations in musical form and expression.

Alfonso VIII of Castile

7 Alfonso VIII, called the Noble or the one of Las Navas, was King of Castile from 1158 to his death and King of Toledo. After having suffered a great defeat with his own army at Alarcos against the Almohads in 1195, he led the coalition of Christian princes and foreign crusaders who broke the power of the Almohads in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, an event which marked the arrival of a tide of Christian supremacy on the Iberian peninsula.

Jaime Hilario Barbal

7 Jaime Hilario Barbal, FSC was a Spanish Catholic and professed Brother of the Christian Schools. He served for almost two decades as a teacher in the schools that his order managed until being caught up in the turmoil of the Spanish Civil War, which saw the forces of the Second Spanish Republic execute him.

Marquesado de Valdecilla

7 El marquesado de Valdecilla es un título nobiliario español creado por el rey Alfonso XIII en favor de Ramón Pelayo de la Torriente, fundador del Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla de la ciudad de Santander, el 14 de febrero de 1916 por real decreto y el 19 de junio del año siguiente por real despacho. Recibió la Grandeza de España el 8 de febrero de 1927.

Manuel Linares Rivas

7 Manuel Linares-Rivas y Astray-Caneda fue un dramaturgo, político y académico español, hijo del político Aureliano Linares Rivas. Diputado y senador, fue miembro de la Real Academia Española, además de un prolífico autor teatral.

Beatriz Galindo

7 Beatriz Galindo, sometimes spelled Beatrix and also known as La Latina, was a Spanish Latinist and educator. She was a writer, humanist and a teacher of Queen Isabella of Castile and her children. She was one of the most educated women of her time. There is uncertainty about her date of birth; some authors believe it was 1464 or 1474. The La Latina neighborhood in Madrid is named after her.

Eduard Maristany i Gibert

7 Eduard Maristany i Gibert va ser enginyer de la Companyia dels Ferrocarrils de Tarragona a Barcelona i França i posteriorment de la Madrid-Saragossa-Alacant on ascendí fins a arribar a ser-ne el director. Entre les seves obres destaca la del túnel de l'Argentera, de tal magnitud que el va fer mereixedor del títol de Marquès de l'Argentera atorgat per Alfons XIII (1918). Ordenà construir l'actual Estació de França de Barcelona.

Leopoldo O'Donnell

7 Leopoldo O'Donnell y Jorris, 1st Duke of Tetuán, GE, was a Spanish general and Grandee who was Prime Minister of Spain on several occasions.

Martín Sarmiento

7 Martín Sarmiento or Martiño Sarmiento, also Father Sarmiento was a Spanish scholar, writer and Benedictine monk, illustrious representative of the Enlightenment.

Francisco Rodríguez Marín

7 Francisco Rodríguez Marín was a Spanish poet, paremiologist, and lexicologist.                     

Felipe II

7 Felipe II is the name of two Spanish kings who ruled also over Portugal:Philip II of Spain Philip II of Portugal

Bartolomé Robert

7 Bartolomé Robert y Yarzábal, también conocido simplemente como Doctor Robert, fue un médico y político español de ideología nacionalista catalana, diputado a Cortes, alcalde de Barcelona y dirigente de la Lliga Regionalista.

Ernest Lluch

7 Ernest Lluch Martín was a Spanish economist and politician, member of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC). He was Minister of Health and Consumption from 1982 to 1986 in the first Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) government of Felipe González. He was assassinated in 2000 by the Basque separatist organisation, ETA.

Roger of Lauria

7 Roger of Lauria (c. 1245 – 17 January 1305), was a Calabrian admiral in Aragonese service, who was the commander of the fleet of the Crown of Aragon during the War of the Sicilian Vespers. He was probably the most successful and talented naval tactician of the Middle Ages. He is known as Ruggero or Ruggiero di Lauria in Italian and Roger de Llúria in Catalan.

Caterina Volpicelli

7 Caterina Volpicelli was an Italian Roman Catholic professed religious and the foundress of the Maids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

7 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition resulted in more than 800 works representing virtually every Western classical genre of his time. Many of these compositions are acknowledged as pinnacles of the symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral repertoire. Mozart is widely regarded as being one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music, with his music admired for its "melodic beauty, its formal elegance and its richness of harmony and texture".

Genesius of Arles

7 Genesius of Arles was a notary martyred under Maximianus in 303 or 308. He is honoured in the Catholic Church as the patron saint of notaries and secretaries, and invoked against chilblains and scurf. His feast day is celebrated on August 25.

Jaume Roig

7 Jaume Roig was a doctor in the city of València and the author of Espill (Mirror), a work of medieval literature in the Valencian/Catalan language. Together with Ausiàs March, and Isabel de Villena, Jaume Roig is one of the three writers chosen by Henry W. Longfellow to summarise the literature of the 15th century in the Catalan language.

Eduardo Blanco Amor

7 Eduardo Modesto Blanco Amor was a Galician writer and journalist who wrote in Galician and in Spanish.

Seneca the Younger

7 Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger, usually known mononymously as Seneca, was a Stoic philosopher of Ancient Rome, a statesman, dramatist, and in one work, satirist, from the post-Augustan age of Latin literature.

Antonio S. Pedreira

7 Dr. Antonio S. Pedreira, was a Puerto Rican writer and educator.                                   

Alonso Pérez de Guzmán

6 Alonso Pérez de Guzmán (1256–1309), known as Guzmán el Bueno, was a Spanish nobleman and hero of Spain during the medieval period, the founder of the line from which the Dukes of Medina Sidonia descend.

Hilarión Eslava

6 Miguel Hilarión Eslava y Elizondo was a Spanish composer and pedagogue.                             

Rigoberta Menchú

6 Rigoberta Menchú Tum is a K'iche' Guatemalan human rights activist, feminist, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. Menchú has dedicated her life to publicizing the rights of Guatemala's Indigenous peoples during and after the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996), and to promoting Indigenous rights internationally.

Salvador de Madariaga

6 Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo was an "eminent liberal" Spanish diplomat, writer, historian, and pacifist, nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature and the Nobel Peace Prize and awarded the Charlemagne Prize in 1973.

Pedro de Egaña

6 Pedro de Egaña y Díaz del Carpio fue un político y empresario español, ministro de Gracia y Justicia y de la Gobernación durante el reinado de Isabel II.

Gabriel Aresti

6 Gabriel Aresti Segurola was one of the most important writers and poets in Basque language in the 20th century.

Julio de Urquijo e Ibarra

6 Julio de Urquijo e Ibarra, Count of Urquijo (1871-1950), in Basque self-styled as Julio Urkixokoa, was a Basque linguist, cultural activist, and a Spanish Carlist politician. As a Traditionalist deputy he twice served in the Cortes, during the terms of 1903-1905 and 1931-1933, though the climax of his political activity fell on the late Restoration period. As a scientist he was the moving spirit behind setting up numerous vascologist institutions, especially Revista Internacional de Estudios Vascos (1907) and Sociedad de Estudios Vascos (1918). Himself he specialized in Basque paremiology and bibliography. He opposed academy-driven unification of Basque dialects and preferred to wait until standard Basque emerges naturally.

Philip of Jesus

6 Philip of Jesus, OFM was a Novohispanic Franciscan Catholic missionary who became one of the Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan, the first Mexican saint and patron saint of Mexico City.

Rosa Chacel

6 Rosa Clotilde Chacel Arimón was a famous and sometimes controversial writer from Spain. She was a native of Valladolid.

Juli Garreta

6 Juli Garreta i Arboix was a Spanish composer, noted for his sardanes.                               

Baltasar Gracián

6 Baltasar Gracián y Morales, S.J., better known as Baltasar Gracián, was a Spanish Jesuit and Baroque prose writer and philosopher. He was born in Belmonte, near Calatayud (Aragón). His writings were lauded by Schopenhauer and Nietzsche.

Lazarillo de Tormes

6 The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes and of His Fortunes and Adversities is a Spanish novella, published anonymously because of its anticlerical content. It was published simultaneously in three cities in 1554: Alcalá de Henares, Burgos and Antwerp. The Alcalá de Henares edition adds some episodes which were most likely written by a second author. It is most famous as the book establishing the style of the picaresque satirical novel.

Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz

6 Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz y Menduiña was a Spanish scholar, politician and orator. He served as Prime Minister of the Spanish Republican government in exile during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco.

Jorge Manrique

6 Jorge Manrique was a major Castilian poet, whose main work, the Coplas por la muerte de su padre , is still read today. He was a supporter of the queen Isabel I of Castile, and actively participated on her side in the civil war that broke out against her half-brother, Enrique IV, when the latter attempted to make his daughter, Juana, crown princess. Jorge died in 1479 during an attempt to take the castle of Garcimuñoz, defended by the Marquis of Villena, after Isabel gained the crown.

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer

6 Gustavo Adolfo Claudio Domínguez Bastida, better known as Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, was a Spanish Romantic poet and writer, also a playwright, literary columnist, and talented in drawing. Today he is considered one of the most important figures in Spanish literature, and is considered by some as the most read writer after Miguel de Cervantes. He adopted the alias of Bécquer as his brother Valeriano Bécquer, a painter, had done earlier. He was associated with the romanticism and post-romanticism movements and wrote while realism was enjoying success in Spain. He was moderately well known during his life, but it was after his death that most of his works were published. His best known works are the Rhymes and the Legends, usually published together as Rimas y leyendas. These poems and tales are essential to the study of Spanish literature and common reading for high-school students in Spanish-speaking countries.

Francesc Layret

6 Francesc Layret i Foix was a Spanish politician and lawyer, Catalan nationalist and republican. He was assassinated in 1920 following the mass detention of several of his colleagues and other left-wing politicians and union leaders.

Juan García Ripollés

6 Juan García Ripollés, también conocido como Ripo o Beato Ripo, es un pintor y escultor español. Siempre ataviado con su pañuelo en la cabeza y una ramita de romero entre los dientes, se jacta de disfrutar de la naturaleza y hacer cada día lo que le apetece. Tiene tres hijos: Paloma, Yerma y Natalio.

Pope Leo XIII

6 Pope Leo XIII was head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 until his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the oldest pope, whose age can be validated, holding office, and had the fourth-longest reign of any pope, behind those of St. Peter, Pius IX and John Paul II.

Octavio Paz

6 Octavio Paz Lozano was a Mexican poet and diplomat. For his body of work, he was awarded the 1977 Jerusalem Prize, the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, and the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Agatha of Sicily

6 Agatha of Sicily is a Christian saint. Her feast is on 5 February. Agatha was born in Catania, part of the Roman Province of Sicily, and was martyred c. 251. She is one of several virgin martyrs who are commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass.

Carmen Conde

6 Carmen Conde Abellán was a Spanish poet, narrative writer and teacher. In 1931 she founded the first Popular University of Cartagena, along with her husband Antonio Oliver Belmás. She was also the first woman to become an academic numerary of the Real Academia Española, where she delivered her induction speech in 1979.

Aristotle

6 Aristotle was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens, he began the wider Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science.

Jorge Guillén

6 Jorge Guillén Álvarez was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27, a university teacher, a scholar and a literary critic.

Andrés Manjón

6 Andrés Manjón y Manjón was a Spanish priest and educator who founded the Escuelas del Ave-María in Granada. He was ordained to the priesthood on 16 June 1886.

Manuel Murguía

6 Manuel Antonio Martínez Murguía was a Galician journalist and historian who created the Real Academia Galega. He was one of the main figures in Galician Rexurdimento movement. He is also remembered as Rosalía de Castro's husband, publisher and main supporter.

Gabriel García Márquez

6 Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez was a Colombian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter, and journalist, known affectionately as Gabo or Gabito throughout Latin America. Considered one of the most significant authors of the 20th century, particularly in the Spanish language, he was awarded the 1972 Neustadt International Prize for Literature and the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature. He pursued a self-directed education that resulted in leaving law school for a career in journalism. From early on he showed no inhibitions in his criticism of Colombian and foreign politics. In 1958, he married Mercedes Barcha Pardo; they had two sons, Rodrigo and Gonzalo.

Josep Maria de Sagarra

6 Josep Maria de Sagarra i de Castellarnau was a Catalan-language writer from Barcelona, Catalonia.   

Lluís Millet

6 Lluís Millet i Pagès was a Spanish Catalan composer, musician and co-founder of Orfeó Català in 1891.

José Antonio Aguirre (politician)

6 José Antonio Aguirre y Lecube was a Basque politician and activist in the Basque Nationalist Party. He was the first president of the Provisional Government of the Basque Country and the executive defense advisor during the Spanish Civil War. Under his mandate, the Provisional Government formed the Basque Army and fought for the Second Spanish Republic.

Bonaventure

6 Bonaventure was an Italian Catholic Franciscan bishop, cardinal, scholastic theologian and philosopher.

Barnabas

6 Barnabas, born Joseph (Ἰωσήφ) or Joses (Ἰωσής), was according to tradition an early Christian, one of the prominent Christian disciples in Jerusalem. According to Acts 4:36, Barnabas was a Cypriot Jew. Named an apostle in Acts 14:14, he and Paul the Apostle undertook missionary journeys together and defended Gentile converts against the Judaizers. They traveled together making more converts, and participated in the Council of Jerusalem. Barnabas and Paul successfully evangelized among the "God-fearing" Gentiles who attended synagogues in various Hellenized cities of Anatolia.

Father Damien

6 Father Damien or Saint Damien of Molokai or Saint Damien De Veuster, born Jozef De Veuster, was a Roman Catholic priest from Belgium and member of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, a missionary religious institute. He was recognized for his ministry, which he led from 1873 until his death in 1889, in the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi to people with leprosy, who lived in government-mandated medical quarantine in a settlement on the Kalaupapa Peninsula of Molokaʻi.

Diego García de Paredes (conquistador)

6 Diego García de Paredes y Vargas was a maestre de campo and a Spanish conquistador who participated in, among other things, the Battle of Cajamarca. He also founded Trujillo, Venezuela in 1557.

Carolina Coronado

6 Victoria Carolina Coronado y Romero de Tejada was a Spanish writer, famous for her poetry, considered the equivalent of contemporary Romantic authors like Rosalía de Castro. As one of the most well-known poets writing in mid-19th-century Spain, she also played a diplomatic role She both negotiated with the Spanish royal family in private and, through a series of widely published poems, promoted the aims of the Lincoln administration, especially abolition of slavery.

Saint Cajetan

6 Gaetano dei Conti di Thiene, known as Saint Cajetan, was an Italian Catholic priest and religious reformer, co-founder of the Theatines. He is recognised as a saint in the Catholic Church, and his feast day is 7 August.

Julián Gayarre

6 Sebastián Julián Gayarre Garjón, better known as Julián Gayarre, was a Spanish opera singer who created the role of Marcello in Donizetti's Il Duca d'Alba and Enzo in Ponchielli's La Gioconda.

Francisco Moragas Barret

6 Francisco de Moragas Barret, también Francesc de Moragas Barret, fue un abogado y economista español.

José Iturbi

6 José Iturbi Báguena was a conductor, pianist, harpsichordist and actor from Valencia, Spain. He also appeared in several Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer musical films including Thousands Cheer (1943), Music for Millions (1944), Anchors Aweigh (1945), That Midnight Kiss (1949), and Three Daring Daughters (1948), his only leading role.

Saint Quentin

6 Quentin also known as Quentin of Amiens, was an early Christian saint.                             

Count of Toreno

5 Count of Toreno Grandee of Spain is a title in the Spanish nobility. The title was first bestowed on Álvaro Queipo de Llano by Philip IV of Spain in 1657.

Fermín Calbetón y Blanchón

5 Fermín Cándido Calbetón y Blanchón fue un abogado y político español, ministro de Fomento y ministro de Hacienda durante el reinado de Alfonso XIII.

Quiteria

5 Quiteria was a second-century virgin martyr and saint about whom nothing is certain except her name and her cult. She appears in the Roman Martyrology, but not in any other ancient calendars.

José Moscardó Ituarte

5 José Moscardó e Ituarte, 1st Count of the Alcázar of Toledo, Grandee of Spain was the military Governor of Toledo Province during the Spanish Civil War. He sided with the Nationalist army fighting the Republican government and his most notable action was the defence and holding of the Alcázar of Toledo against Republican forces.

Filiberto Villalobos

5 Filiberto Villalobos González fue un médico de cabecera y político español. Fue ministro de Instrucción Pública y Bellas Artes durante la Segunda República Española.

Prince of Vergara (title)

5 Prince of Vergara was a life title in the Peerage of Spain, granted in 1872 by Amadeo I to Baldomero Espartero, who was Regent of Spain from 1840 to 1843. The title makes reference to the Convention of Vergara, a symbolic embrace between Espartero and Rafael Maroto which put an end to the First Carlist War in 1839.

Fernando de los Ríos

5 Fernando de los Ríos Urruti was a Spanish professor of Political Law and Socialist politician who was in turn Minister of Justice, Minister of Education and Foreign Minister between 1931 and 1933 in the early years of the Second Spanish Republic. During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) he was Spanish Ambassador to France and then to the United States.

Eduardo Rosales

5 Eduardo Rosales Gallinas was a Spanish painter. He was an adherent of the Italian-based art movement known as "Purismo" and specialized in historical scenes.

Juan Bravo

5 Juan Bravo de Lagunas y Mendoza was a leader of the rebel Comuneros in the Castilian Revolt of the Comuneros.

Pilar Miró

5 Pilar Mercedes Miró Romero was a Spanish screenwriter and film director. She was the General Director of RTVE from 1986 to 1989. In the 1990s, she directed the television broadcasts of the weddings of the daughters of King Juan Carlos I.

Joachim

5 Joachim was, according to Christianity, the husband of Saint Anne, the father of Mary, mother of Jesus, and the maternal grandfather of Jesus.

Mahatma Gandhi

5 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā, first applied to him in South Africa in 1914, is now used throughout the world.

Enric Valor i Vives

5 Enric Valor i Vives was a Valencian narrator and grammarian who made one of the most important contributions to the re-collection and recovery of Valencian lexicography and its standardization in the Valencian Country, Spain.

Vicent Andrés Estellés

5 Vicent Andrés Estellés was a Spanish journalist and poet. He is considered one of the main renovators of modern Valencian poetry, with a similar role to that of Ausiàs March or Joan Roís de Corella in earlier periods.

Juan Valera y Alcalá-Galiano

5 Juan Valera y Alcalá-Galiano was a Spanish realist author, diplomat, and politician.               

Saint Amaro

5 According to Catholic tradition, Saint Amaro or Amarus the Pilgrim was an abbot and sailor who it was claimed sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to an earthly paradise. There are two historical figures who may have provided the basis for this legend. The first was a French penitent of the same name who went on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in the thirteenth century. On his return journey, he established himself at Burgos, where he founded a hospital for lepers.

Gabriel Celaya

5 Gabriel Celaya was a Spanish poet. Gabriel settled in Madrid and studied engineering, working for a time as a manager in his family's business.

María de Molina

5 María Alfonso Téllez de Meneses, known as María de Molina, was queen consort of Castile and León from 1284 to 1295 by marriage to Sancho IV of Castile, and served as regent for her minor son Ferdinand IV and later her grandson Alfonso XI of Castile (1312-1321).

Carmen Amaya

5 Carmen Amaya Amaya was a Spanish Romani flamenco dancer and singer, born in the Somorrostro district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

José María Pemán

5 José María Pemán y Pemartín was a Spanish journalist, poet, playwright, novelist, essayist, and monarchist intellectual.

Ventura Rodríguez

5 Ventura Rodríguez Tizón was a Spanish architect and artist. Born at Ciempozuelos, Rodríguez was the son of a bricklayer. In 1727, he collaborated with his father in the work at the Royal Palace of Aranjuez.

Dámaso Alonso

5 Dámaso Alonso y Fernández de las Redondas was a Spanish poet, philologist and literary critic. Though a member of the Generation of '27, his best-known work dates from the 1940s onwards.

Francisco Javier Castaños, 1st Duke of Bailén

5 Francisco Javier Castaños Aragorri, 1st Duke of Bailén (1758–1852) was a Spanish military commander during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He presided over the Regency Council of Spain and the Indies, in 1810. From July to September 1834, he served as the first president of the Senate of Spain, at that time called the House of Peers.

Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso

5 Nicolás Salmerón Alonso was a Spanish politician, president of the First Spanish Republic.         

Dominic of Silos

5 Dominic of Silos was a Spanish monk, to whom the Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos, where he served as the abbot, is dedicated. He is revered as a saint in the Catholic Church. His feast day is 20 December.

Josep Trueta

5 Josep Trueta i Raspall was a Catalan surgeon and researcher from Spain.                             

Ana María Matute

5 Ana María Matute Ausejo was an internationally acclaimed Spanish writer and member of the Real Academia Española. In 1959, she received the Premio Nadal for Primera memoria. The third woman to receive the Cervantes Prize for her literary oeuvre, she is considered one of the foremost novelists of the posguerra, the period immediately following the Spanish Civil War.

María Guerrero

5 María Ana de Jesús Guerrero Torija, better known as María Guerrero, was a prominent Spanish theatre actress, producer and director.

Homer

5 Homer was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature. Homer is considered one of the most revered and influential authors in history.

Sancho Ramírez

5 Sancho Ramírez was King of Aragon from 1063 until 1094 and King of Pamplona from 1076 under the name of Sancho V. He was the eldest son of Ramiro I and Ermesinda of Bigorre. His father was the first king of Aragon and an illegitimate son of Sancho III of Pamplona. He inherited the Aragonese crown from his father in 1063. Sancho Ramírez was chosen king of Pamplona by Navarrese noblemen after Sancho IV was murdered by his siblings.

Josep Carner

5 Josep Carner i Puigoriol, was a Spanish poet, journalist, playwright and translator. He was also known as the Prince of Catalan Poets. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times.

Vital Aza

5 Vital Aza Álvarez-Buylla was a Spanish author, playwright, poet and satirist, born in Pola de Lena, Asturias, northwestern Spain. After studying and practicing medicine, he began to write plays, some with Miguel Ramos Carrión. His first, Basta de matemáticas, which premiered at the Variedades in 1874, was highly successful and was followed by more than 70 other plays. The centenary of his birth was celebrated by Aguilar's publication of an anthology of Aza's best plays in the Colección Crisol (1951).

Pelagius of Córdoba

5 Pelagius of Córdoba was a Christian boy who died as a martyr in Córdoba in southern Spain around 926 AD.

Mercè Rodoreda

5 Mercè Rodoreda i Gurguí was a Spanish novelist, who wrote in Catalan.                               

Abbot Oliba

5 Oliba was the count of Berga and Ripoll (988–1002), and later abbot of the monasteries of Santa Maria de Ripoll and Sant Miquel de Cuixà (1008–1046) and the bishop of Vic (1018–1046). He is considered one of the spiritual founders of Catalonia and perhaps the most important prelate of his age in the Iberian Peninsula. Oliba was a great writer and from his scriptorium at Ripoll flowed a ceaseless stream of works which are enlightening about his world. Most important are the Arabic manuscripts he translated into Latin for the benefit of 11th century and later scholars.

Joaquim Ruyra

5 Joaquim Ruyra i Oms was a Catalan short-story writer, poet and translator, considered a key figure in modern Catalan literature and one of the great narrators of the 20th century.

Juan de Mena

5 Juan de Mena (1411–1456) was one of the most significant Spanish poets of the fifteenth century. He was highly regarded at the court of Juan II de Castilla, who appointed him veinticuatro of Córdoba, secretario de cartas latinas and cronista real. His works show the influence of Renaissance humanism and place him in the period of transition in Spain from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.

Laxeiro

5 José Otero Abeledo, conocido como Laxeiro, fue un pintor español. Su obra manifiesta un distanciamiento del naturalismo regionalista de la época a través de la fusión entre modernidad y tradición, y junto con Luis Seoane, Manuel Colmeiro y otros, forma el grupo de "Los renovadores" dentro de la vanguardia artística gallega.

Álvaro Cunqueiro

5 Álvaro Cunqueiro Mora was a Galician novelist, poet, playwright, and journalist. He is the author of many works in both Galician and Spanish, including Merlín e familia. He was a cofounder of the Galician Writers Association. In 1991, Galician Literature Day was dedicated to him.

Ramón Otero Pedrayo

5 Ramón Otero Pedrayo was a Galician geographer, writer and intellectual. He was a key member of the Galician cultural and political movement Xeración Nós.

Julián Besteiro

5 Julián Besteiro Fernández was a Spanish socialist politician, elected to the Cortes Generales and in 1931 as Speaker of the Constituent Cortes of the Spanish Republic. He also was elected several times to the town council of Madrid. During the same period, he was a university professor of philosophy and logic, and dean of the department at the University of Madrid. He was imprisoned after the Civil War and died in jail.

Eugenio Montero Ríos

5 Eugenio Montero Ríos was a leading member of the Spanish Liberal Party before being part of a 1903 schism that divided it. He also served briefly as Prime Minister of Spain. He played a role in the 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War as he was then President of the Senate of Spain.

Louis of Granada

5 Louis of Granada, was a Dominican friar who was noted as theologian, writer and preacher. The cause for his canonization has been long open with the Holy See, with his current status being Venerable.

Modesto Lafuente

5 Modesto Lafuente y Zamalloa was a Spanish critic and historian. In 1861 he was elected Vice President of the Congress of Deputies and, in February 7, 1862, he assumed the office of acting president of the Congress due to the death in office of Francisco Martínez de la Rosa until February 18, 1862.

Gaspar Núñez de Arce

5 Gaspar Núñez de Arce (1834–1903) was a Spanish poet, dramatist and statesman. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.

José Hierro

5 José Hierro del Real, sometimes colloquially called Pepe Hierro, was a Spanish poet. He belonged to the so-called postwar generation, within the rootless and existential poetry streams. He wrote for both Espadaña and Garcilaso magazines. In 1981, he received the Prince of Asturias Awards in Literature, in 1998 the Cervantes Prize and he received many more awards and honours.

Indalecio Prieto

5 Indalecio Prieto Tuero was a Spanish politician, a minister and one of the leading figures of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the years before and during the Second Spanish Republic.

Diego Muñoz-Torrero

5 Diego Muñoz-Torrero y Ramírez-Moyano fue un sacerdote, catedrático y político español que tuvo un destacado papel en la elaboración de la Constitución española de 1812. Como diputado de las Cortes de Cádiz, fue el principal artífice del fin de la Inquisición española y uno de los máximos defensores de la libertad de imprenta.

Ignatius of Antioch

5 Ignatius of Antioch, also known as Ignatius Theophorus, was an early Christian writer and Patriarch of Antioch. While en route to Rome, where he met his martyrdom, Ignatius wrote a series of letters. This correspondence forms a central part of a later collection of works by the Apostolic Fathers. He is considered one of the three most important of these, together with Clement of Rome and Polycarp. His letters also serve as an example of early Christian theology, and address important topics including ecclesiology, the sacraments, and the role of bishops.

María Casares

5 María Victoria Casares y Pérez was a Spanish-born French actress and one of the most distinguished stars of the French stage and cinema. She was credited in France as Maria Casarès.

Rosa Sensat

5 Rosa Sensat i Vilà was a Spanish teacher. She contributed to the development of the Catalan public schools during the first third of the 20th century.

Vasco da Gama

5 Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira, was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.

Matrona of Barcelona

5 Matrona of Barcelona or Matrona of Thessalonica is a saint of the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. She was recognized as a saint pre-congregation.

Plato

5 Plato, born Aristocles, was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms. He raised problems for what became all the major areas of both theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy, and was the founder of the Platonic Academy, a philosophical school in Athens where Plato taught the doctrines that would later become known as Platonism.

Ovidi Montllor

5 Ovidi Montllor was a Valencian singer-songwriter and actor.                                         

Antonio Reyes Huertas

5 Antonio Reyes Huertas fue un escritor y periodista español. Es famoso por sus novelas de carácter costumbrista y sus Estampas campesinas, una radiografía de la vida y las costumbres del campo extremeño de la época.

Carlos Arniches

5 Carlos Arniches Barreda was a Spanish playwright, born in Alicante. His prolific work, drawing on the traditions of the género chico, the zarzuela and the grotesque, came to dominate the Spanish comic theatre in the early twentieth century.

Marquesado de Estella

5 El marquesado de Estella es el título nobiliario español que el rey Alfonso XII de España concedió por decreto del 25 de mayo de 1877 al capitán general Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte, i conde de San Fernando de la Unión. El 11 de octubre de 1923 el rey Alfonso XIII de España le otorgó la grandeza de España.

Josep Llimona i Bruguera

5 Josep Llimona i Bruguera was a Spanish sculptor. His first works were academic, but after a stay in Paris, influenced by Auguste Rodin, his style drew closer to modernisme. He was very prolific, and exhibited in Catalonia, Madrid, Paris, Brussels and Buenos Aires. Some of his monumental work is familiar to Barcelona residents and visitors alke.

Carmen Martín Gaite

5 Carmen Martín Gaite was a Spanish author who wrote many novels, short stories, screenplays, and essays across various genres. She was awarded the Premio Nadal in 1957 for Entre visillos, the Prince of Asturias Awards in 1988, the Award Premio Castilla y León de las Letras in 1992, and the Premio Acebo de Honor for her life's work.

Ferdinand VI

4 Ferdinand VI, called the Learned and the Just, was King of Spain from 9 July 1746 until his death. He was the third ruler of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty. He was the son of the previous monarch, Philip V, and his first wife Maria Luisa of Savoy.

Juan Bravo Murillo

4 Juan Bravo Murillo was a Spanish politician, jurist and economist. He was prime minister of Spain from 14 January 1851 to 14 December 1852 during the reign of Isabella II.

Tomás Bretón

4 Tomás Bretón y Hernández was a Spanish conductor and composer.                                     

Francisco Umbral

4 Francisco Alejandro Pérez Martínez, better known as Francisco Umbral, was a Spanish journalist, novelist, biographer and essayist.

Engratia

4 Engratia is venerated as a virgin martyr and saint. Tradition states that she was martyred with eighteen companions in 303 AD.

Juan Negrín

4 Juan Negrín López was a Spanish physician and politician who served as prime minister of the Second Spanish Republic. He was a leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and of the left-leaning Popular Front government during the Spanish Civil War. He also served as finance minister. He was the last Loyalist premier of Spain (1937–1939), leading the Republican forces defeated by the Nationalists under General Francisco Franco. He was President of the Council of Ministers of the Second Spanish Republic and the Spanish Republican government in exile between 1937 and 1945. He died in exile in Paris, France.

Maximiliano Thous Orts

4 Maximiliano Thous Orts,, also known as Maximilià Thous i Orts, was a Spanish journalist, writer, filmmaker, and playwright.

Martin Luther King Jr.

4 Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Christian minister, activist, and political philosopher who was one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. A black church leader and a son of early civil rights activist and minister Martin Luther King Sr., King advanced civil rights for people of color in the United States through the use of nonviolent resistance and nonviolent civil disobedience against Jim Crow laws and other forms of legalized discrimination.

Pedro Velarde y Santillán

4 Pedro Velarde y Santillán was a Spanish artillery captain famous for his heroic death in the Dos de Mayo uprisings against the French occupation of Madrid. He became a popular hero and martyr figure for Spain's subsequent War of Independence from the French Empire.

Juan Gris

4 José Victoriano González-Pérez , better known as Juan Gris, was a Spanish painter born in Madrid who lived and worked in France for most of his active period. Closely connected to the innovative artistic genre Cubism, his works are among the movement's most distinctive.

Maria de Maeztu

4 María de Maeztu Whitney was a Spanish educator, feminist, founder of the Residencia de Señoritas and the Lyceum Club in Madrid. She was sister of the writer, journalist and occasional diplomat, Ramiro de Maeztu and the painter Gustavo de Maeztu.

Manuel Alonso Martínez

4 Manuel Alonso Martínez was a Spanish jurist and politician, and the principal redactor of the Spanish Civil Code.

John Lennon

4 John Winston Ono Lennon was an English singer, songwriter and musician. He gained worldwide fame as the founder, co-songwriter, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the Beatles. His work included music, writing, drawings and film. His songwriting partnership with Paul McCartney remains the most successful in history.

Saint Martial

4 Martial, called "the Apostle of the Gauls" or "the Apostle of Aquitaine", was the first bishop of Limoges. His feast day is 30 June.

San José Obrero

4 San José Obrero, en latín Sancti Joseph opificis, celebración litúrgica de la Iglesia católica, establecida por Pío XII, en 1955, el 1 de mayo, coincidiendo con el día que el mundo laboral celebra como su festividad propia.

Ramiro de Maeztu

4 Ramiro de Maeztu y Whitney was a prolific Spanish essayist, journalist and publicist. His early literary work adscribes him to the Generation of '98. Adept to Nietzschean and Social Darwinist ideas in his youth, he became close to Fabian socialism and later to distributism and social corporatism during his spell as correspondent in London from where he chronicled the Great War. During the years of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship he served as Ambassador to Argentina. A staunch militarist, he became at the end of his ideological path one of the most prominent far-right theorists against the Spanish Republic, leading the reactionary voices calling for a military coup. A member of the cultural group Acción Española, he spread the concept of "Hispanidad" (Spanishness). Imprisoned by Republican authorities after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, he was killed by leftist militiamen during a saca in the midst of the conflict.

Maurice Ravel

4 Joseph Maurice Ravel was a French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with Impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term. In the 1920s and 1930s Ravel was internationally regarded as France's greatest living composer.

Arturo Campión

4 Arturo Campión Jaimebon fue un político español fuerista, integrista y posteriormente nacionalista vasco. También destacó como escritor en euskera y castellano.

Gabriel Roca Garcías

4 Gabriel Roca Garcías va ser un enginyer mallorquí que fou enginyer a la Prefectura d'Obres Públiques de Balears (1920) i a la Junta del Port de Ceuta (1921), a més d'ocupar el càrrec de Director de la Junta d'Obres del Port de Palma entre els anys 1940 i 1962. Es va titular a l'Escola d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports de Madrid el 1920. Les seves primeres destinacions van ser les ciutats de Ceuta, Tetuán i Melilla el 1937. De 1949 a 1956 va ser President de Foment de Turisme de Mallorca. Va ser ell qui va projectar i iniciar les obres del Passeig Marítim de Palma, el qual porta el seu nom. El 1953 va ser nomenat enginyer-director del Port de Barcelona. Va morir l'any 1986.

Trajan

4 Trajan was a Roman emperor from AD 98 to 117, the second of the Five Good Emperors of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. He was a philanthropic ruler and a successful soldier-emperor who led the Roman Empire to its greatest territorial extent by the time of his death. He was given the title of Optimus by the Roman Senate.

Leopoldo Alas

4 Leopoldo Enrique García-Alas y Ureña, also known as Clarín, was a Spanish realist novelist born in Zamora. His inflammatory articles, known as paliques (“chitchat”), as well as his advocacy of liberalism and anti-clericalism, made him a formidable and controversial critical voice. He died in Oviedo.

Brigid of Kildare

4 Saint Brigid of Kildare or Saint Brigid of Ireland is the patroness saint of Ireland, and one of its three national saints along with Patrick and Columba. According to medieval Irish hagiographies, she was an abbess who founded the important abbey of Kildare, as well as several other convents of nuns. There are few historical facts about her, and her hagiographies are mainly anecdotes and miracle tales, some of which are rooted in pagan folklore. They say Brigid was the daughter of a chieftain and a slave woman, and was raised in a druid's household before becoming a consecrated virgin. She is patroness of many things, including poetry, learning, healing, protection, blacksmithing, livestock and dairy production. In her honour, a perpetual fire was kept burning at Kildare for centuries.

Fernán González of Castile

4 Fernán González was the first autonomous count of Castile. Fernán González was a colourful character of legendary status in Iberia, and founder of the dynasty that would rule a semi-autonomous Castile, laying the foundations for its status as an independent kingdom. In the year 930, Fernán's name appears with the title of count inside the administrative organization of the eastern Kingdom of León.

Alfonso V of Aragon

4 Alfonso the Magnanimous was King of Aragon and King of Sicily and the ruler of the Crown of Aragon from 1416 and King of Naples from 1442 until his death. He was involved with struggles to the throne of the Kingdom of Naples with Louis III of Anjou, Joanna II of Naples and their supporters, but ultimately failed and lost Naples in 1424. He recaptured it in 1442 and was crowned king of Naples. He had good relations with his vassal, Stjepan Kosača, and his ally, Skanderbeg, providing assistance in their struggles in the Balkans. He led diplomatic contacts with the Ethiopian Empire and was a prominent political figure of the early Renaissance, being a supporter of literature as well as commissioning several constructions for the Castel Nuovo.

Juan Ponce de León

4 Juan Ponce de León was a Spanish explorer and conquistador known for leading the first official European expedition to Puerto Rico in 1508 and Florida in 1513. He was born in Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain, in 1474. Though little is known about his family, he was of noble birth and served in the Spanish military from a young age. He first came to the Americas as a "gentleman volunteer" with Christopher Columbus's second expedition in 1493.

Jerome

4 Jerome, also known as Jerome of Stridon, was an early Christian priest, confessor, theologian, translator, and historian; he is commonly known as Saint Jerome.

Miguel Ángel Blanco

4 Miguel Ángel Blanco Garrido was a Spanish politician who was a councillor in Ermua in the Basque Country for the People's Party (PP). He was kidnapped and subsequently murdered by the terrorist group ETA.

Master Mateo

4 Master Mateo was a sculptor and architect who worked in medieval Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula during the second half of the twelfth century. He is best known now for the Pórtico de la Gloria of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. He was also responsible for the Stone choir of Master Mateo of the cathedral in 1200, later torn down in 1603.

Matthias of Jerusalem

4 Matthias of Jerusalem was a 2nd-century Christian saint and a Bishop of Jerusalem, whose episcopacy was about 113–120 AD.

Frederic Soler

4 Frederich Soler y Hubert, más conocido como Serafí Pitarra, fue un poeta, dramaturgo y empresario teatral español. Escribió su obra en catalán.

Columba of Spain

4 Columba of Spain was a virgin and nun who was born in Córdoba, Spain, and martyred around 853 by the Muslim rulers in Spain, during a persecution of Christians. She is a part of the Martyrs of Córdoba and venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. Her feast day is September 17. Her cult was probably a combination of two virgin martyrs, Colomba of Spain and Columba of Sens, a third century French martyr.

Marquesado de Figueroa

4 El marquesado de Figueroa es un título nobiliario español, de Castilla. Fue creado por el rey Carlos II mediante Real Decreto del 6 de mayo de 1675.

Blasco de Garay

4 Blasco de Garay (1500–1552) was a Spanish navy captain and inventor.                               

José Amador de los Ríos

4 José Amador de los Ríos y Serrano was a Spanish intellectual, primarily a historian and archaeologist of art and literature. He was a graduate in history of the Complutense University of Madrid.

Alexander Graham Bell

4 Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-born Canadian-American inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885.

Francesc de Paula Rius i Taulet

4 Francisco de Paula Rius y Taulet was a Spanish lawyer and politician. He was mayor of Barcelona in four different non-consecutive periods during the Restoration between 1858 and 1889. He is regarded to be among the highest promoters of the 1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition and its related urbanistic reforms.

Pascual Veiga

4 Pascual Veiga Iglesias, fue un compositor y músico precoz, autor de la popular Alborada y de la música del Himno de Galicia, y figura fundamental del Rexurdimento Gallego.

Francesc Cambó

4 Francesc Cambó i Batlle was a conservative Spanish politician from Catalonia, founder and leader of the autonomist party Lliga Regionalista. He was a minister in several Spanish governments. He supported a number of artistic and cultural endeavours, especially, the translation of Greek and Latin classical texts to Catalan.

Pelagius of Asturias

4 Pelagius was a Hispano-Visigoth nobleman who founded the Kingdom of Asturias in 718. Pelagius is credited with initiating the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors, and establishing the Asturian monarchy, making him the forefather of all the future Iberian monarchies, including the Kings of Castile, the Kings of León, and the Kings of Portugal.

Pero López de Ayala

4 Don Pero López de Ayala (1332–1407) was a Castilian statesman, historian, poet, chronicler, chancellor, and courtier.

Columba

4 Columba or Colmcille was an Irish abbot and missionary evangelist credited with spreading Christianity in what is today Scotland at the start of the Hiberno-Scottish mission. He founded the important abbey on Iona, which became a dominant religious and political institution in the region for centuries. He is the patron saint of Derry. He was highly regarded by both the Gaels of Dál Riata and the Picts, and is remembered today as a Catholic saint and one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland.

Eurosia

4 Eurosia is the patron saint of Jaca, a city in the province of Huesca of northeastern Spain, in the Pyrenees, the centre of her cult. In Spain, the "Fiesta de Santa Orosia" is celebrated on 25 June. Tradition states that she was born in Bayonne and died in 880, martyred by the Moors at Jaca.

Frédéric Chopin

4 Frédéric François Chopin was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period, who wrote primarily for solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown as a leading musician of his era, one whose "poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation".

Arsenio Martínez Campos

4 Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón, born Martínez y Campos, was a Spanish officer who rose against the First Spanish Republic in a military revolution in 1874 and restored Spain's Bourbon dynasty. Later, he became Captain-General of Cuba. Martínez Campos took part in wars in Africa, Mexico and Cuba and in the Third Carlist War.

Eugenius II of Toledo

4 Saint Eugenius II, sometimes called Eugenius the Younger as the successor of Eugenius I, was Archbishop of Toledo from 647 until his death.

Fabiola of Belgium

4 Fabiola Fernanda María-de-las-Victorias Antonia Adelaida de Mora y Aragón was Queen of the Belgians from her marriage to King Baudouin in 1960 until his death in 1993. The couple had no children, as Fabiola had five miscarriages out of five pregnancies, so the Crown passed to her husband's younger brother, King Albert II.

Benjamin Franklin

4 Benjamin Franklin was an American polymath, a leading writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher. Among the most influential intellectuals of his time, Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States; a drafter and signer of the Declaration of Independence; and the first postmaster general.

Bruno of Cologne

4 Bruno of Cologne, venerated as Saint Bruno, was the founder of the Carthusian Order. He personally founded the order's first two communities. He was a celebrated teacher at Reims, and a close advisor of his former pupil, Pope Urban II. His feast day is 6 October.

Gaspar García Laviana

4 Gaspar García Laviana was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest who took up arms to fight as a soldier in Nicaragua with the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in 1977.

Numa Guilhou

4 Jean Antoine Numa Guilhou fue un empresario francés, nacido en la localidad de Mazamet. Desde joven trabajó en el negocio familiar de comercio de lana, pero desarrolla la mayor parte de su vida profesional en Asturias, convirtiéndose en una de las figuras más importantes de la revolución industrial.

Ruiz de Alarcón

4 Ruiz de Alarcón is a Spanish noble name. The name Alarcón was first given to Ferrán Martínez de Ceballos by Alfonso VIII of Castile after the former had successfully driven the Moors from the fortress of Alarcón near Cuenca in 1177. His son's name was Ruí de Alarcón and later, in the thirteenth century, his descendants took the name Ruíz de Alarcón to distinguish themselves from other branches of the Alarcón family. The most famous member of the Ruiz de Alarcón family is the 17th century playwright Juan Ruiz de Alarcón. Juan's brother Hernando Ruíz de Alarcón y Mendoza, who was a priest in Taxco, is known for having written a treatise documenting the non-Christian religious practices of the Nahua Indians of central Mexico.

Pedro de Valdivia

4 Pedro Gutiérrez de Valdivia or Valdiva was a Spanish conquistador and the first royal governor of Chile. After serving with the Spanish army in Italy and Flanders, he was sent to South America in 1534, where he served as lieutenant under Francisco Pizarro in Peru, acting as his second in command.

Duke of Lerma (title)

4 Duke of Lerma is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain accompanied by the dignity of Grandee, granted in 1599 by Philip III to Francisco Gómez de Sandoval, 4th Count of Lerma and his royal favourite.

Francisco Martínez de la Rosa

4 Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Cornejo was a Spanish statesman and dramatist and the first prime minister of Spain to receive the title of President of the Council of Ministers.

Federico Mompou

4 Frederic Mompou Dencausse, or Federico Mompou, was a Spanish composer and pianist.                 

Eugenio d'Ors

4 Eugeni d'Ors Rovira was a Spanish writer, essayist, journalist, philosopher and art critic. He wrote in both Catalan and Spanish, sometimes under the pseudonym of Xènius.

Joan Alcover

4 Joan Alcover i Maspons : was a Spanish Balearic writer, poet, essayist and politician.             

Teodoro Cuesta

4 Teodoro Cuesta García-Ruiz fue un poeta español.                                                   

Manuel de Pedrolo

4 Manuel de Pedrolo i Molina was a Catalan author of novels, short stories, poetry and plays. He's mostly known for his sci-fi novel Mecanoscrit del segon origen.

Francisco Navarro Villoslada

4 Francisco Navarro Villoslada fue un periodista, político, novelista y ensayista español de ideología tradicionalista y carlista.

José María Fernández-Ladreda

4 José María Fernández-Ladreda y Menéndez-Valdés was a Spanish general who served as Minister of Public Works of Spain between 1945 and 1951, during the Francoist dictatorship.

Enric Morera i Viura

4 Enric Morera i Viura was a Catalan musician and composer from Spain.                               

Rafael Dieste

4 Rafael Dieste was a Galician poet, philosopher, short-story writer, and dramatist writing mostly in Galician language, but also in Spanish language. He began to write with the encouragement of another Galician poet, Manuel Antonio, wrote for the theatre and wrote widely on aesthics. His stories have been compared to the other-world approach of the graphic art of M. C. Escher.

Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha, Marquis of the Duero

4 Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha e Irigoyen, Marquis of the Duero, was a 19th-century Spanish military man and Liberal-Moderate politician, noted for opposing the Carlist rebellions. He was born in Córdoba del Tucumán, Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, on 3 April 1808, and died at Monte Muro, Navarre, on 27 June 1874.

Francisco J. Ayala

4 Francisco José Ayala Pereda was a Spanish-American evolutionary biologist, philosopher, and Catholic priest who was a longtime faculty member at the University of California, Irvine and University of California, Davis.

Alfonso IX of León

4 Alfonso IX was King of León and Galicia from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death.

Matilda of Ringelheim

4 Matilda of Ringelheim, also known as Saint Matilda, was a Saxon noblewoman. Due to her marriage to Henry I in 909, she became the first Ottonian queen. Her eldest son, Otto I, restored the Holy Roman Empire in 962. Matilda founded several spiritual institutions and women's convents. She was considered to be extremely pious, righteous and charitable. Matilda's two hagiographical biographies and The Deeds of the Saxons serve as authoritative sources about her life and work.

Juan de Lanuza y Garabito

4 Juan de Lanuza y Garabito was a Spanish noble from the 15th century.                               

Emilio Mola

4 Emilio Mola y Vidal was one of the three leaders of the Nationalist coup of July 1936 that started the Spanish Civil War.

Guillén de Castro y Bellvis

4 Guillén de Castro y Mateo was a Spanish dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age. He was distinguished member of the "Nocturnos", a Spanish version of the "Academies" in Italy.

Dominic de la Calzada

4 Dominic de la Calzada was a saint from a cottage in Burgos very close to La Rioja.                 

Salvador Giner

4 Salvador Giner i de San Julián was a Spanish sociologist, who was the president of the Institute of Catalan Studies between 2005 and 2013.

Mariano Álvarez de Castro

4 Brigadier Mariano José Manuel Bernardo Álvarez Bermúdez de Castro y López Aparicio was a Spanish military officer, and the military governor of Girona during the siege by the French during the War of Spanish Independence.

Nelson Mandela

4 Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid activist, politician, and statesman who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as the president of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.

Severus of Menorca

4 Severus of Menorca was a bishop on the island of Menorca in the early 5th century. According to the Epistula Severi Severus was at the forefront of a mass conversion where most of the Jewish population on the island converted to Christianity in 418 C.E. The Epistula Severi explains that the relationship between the Jews and the Christians on the island grew tense when relics of St. Stephen arrived on the island approximately a year before the conversion began. It took eight days to convert the Jewish population to Christianity and, in that time, the synagogue on the island was burnt to the ground and 540 Jews were converted.

Violeta Parra

4 Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval was a Chilean composer, singer-songwriter, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and visual artist. She pioneered the Nueva Canción Chilena, a renewal and a reinvention of Chilean folk music that would extend its sphere of influence outside Chile.

Juan de Ribera

4 Juan de Ribera was an influential figure in 16th and 17th century Spain. Ribera held appointments as Archbishop and Viceroy of Valencia, Latin Patriarchate of Antioch, Commander in Chief, president of the Audiencia, and Chancellor of the University of Valencia. He was beatified in 1796 and canonized by Pope John XXIII in 1960.

Amadeu Vives i Roig

4 Amadeu Vives i Roig was a Spanish musical composer, creator of over a hundred stage works. He is best known for Doña Francisquita, which Christopher Webber has praised for its "easy lyricism, fluent orchestration and colourful evocation of 19th Century Madrid—not to mention its memorable vocal and choral writing", and characterizes as "without doubt the best known and loved of all his works, one of the few zarzuelas which has 'travelled' abroad".

Josep Puig i Cadafalch

4 Josep Puig i Cadafalch was a Spanish Modernista architect who designed many significant buildings in Barcelona, and a politician who had a significant role in the development of Catalan institutions. He was the architect of the Casa Martí, which became a place of ideas, projects and social gatherings for such well-known Catalans as Santiago Rusiñol and Ramon Casas.

Ignasi Iglesias

4 Ignasi Iglesias Pujadas fue un dramaturgo y poeta español. Vinculado al movimiento del modernismo, escribió en catalán.

Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo

4 Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo, is the first child and eldest daughter of King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía. As the eldest sister of King Felipe VI, Elena is the third in the line of succession to the Spanish throne. She has another younger sister, Infanta Cristina.

Francisco Franco

4 Francisco Franco Bahamonde was a Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo. This period in Spanish history, from the Nationalist victory to Franco's death, is commonly known as Francoist Spain or as the Francoist dictatorship.

María Mariño

4 María Mariño Carou (1907–1967) was a Galician writer. She was born on 8 June 1907 in a house on Rúa Cega in Noia, A Coruña province. She was the daughter of Xosé Mariño Pais, a shoe maker. She was the fourth of five children. Her siblings were Concha (1898), Emilio (1901), Cándido (1902) and Asunción (1908). She had to leave school in order to work, because her father used to gamble in the taverns of Noia. Whilst Emilio found work as a mechanic and Cándido as a carpenter, María and her sisters helped out in domestic tasks. On 31 May 1939 Mariño Carou married Roberto Pose Carballido and also began to lie about her age. She died of leukaemia on 19 May 1967, just before her sixtieth birthday.

María Teresa León

3 María Teresa León Goyri was a Spanish writer, activist and cultural ambassador. Born in Logroño, she was the niece of the Spanish feminist and writer María Goyri. She herself was married to the Spanish poet Rafael Alberti. She contributed numerous articles to the periodical Diario de Burgos and published the children's books Cuentos para soñar and La bella del mal amor.

Alfred Nobel

3 Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer and businessman. He is known for inventing dynamite as well as having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel Prize. He also made several important contributions to science, holding 355 patents in his lifetime.

Diego de Saavedra Fajardo

3 Diego de Saavedra Fajardo was a Spanish diplomat and man of letters.                               

Lady of Elche

3 The Lady of Elche is a limestone bust that was discovered in 1897, at La Alcudia, an archaeological site on a private estate two kilometers south of Elche, Spain. It is now exhibited in the National Archaeological Museum of Spain in Madrid.

Adolfo Marsillach

3 Adolfo Marsillach Soriano was a Spanish actor, playwright and theatre director. He was born in Barcelona.

Tomás Luis de Victoria

3 Tomás Luis de Victoria was the most famous Spanish composer of the Renaissance. He stands with Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and Orlande de Lassus as among the principal composers of the late Renaissance, and was "admired above all for the intensity of some of his motets and of his Offices for the Dead and for Holy Week". His surviving oeuvre, unlike that of his colleagues, is almost exclusively sacred and polyphonic vocal music, set to Latin texts. As a Catholic priest, as well as an accomplished organist and singer, his career spanned both Spain and Italy. However, he preferred the life of a composer to that of a performer.

Rafael Altamira y Crevea

3 Rafael Altamira y Crevea was a Spanish historian and jurist.                                       

Felip Pedrell

3 Felip Pedrell Sabaté was a Catalan composer, guitarist and musicologist.                           

Francisco Serrano Anguita

3 Francisco "Paco" Serrano Anguita, que usó el seudónimo de Tartarín, fue un periodista y autor dramático español.

Carlos Jiménez Díaz

3 Carlos Jiménez Díaz was an important Spanish physician and clinical researcher.                     

Antonio Buero Vallejo

3 Antonio Buero Vallejo was a Spanish playwright associated with the Generation of '36 movement and considered the most important Spanish dramatist of the Spanish Civil War.

Crispin and Crispinian

3 Saints Crispin and Crispinian are the Christian patron saints of cobblers, curriers, tanners, and leather workers. They were beheaded during the reign of Diocletian; the date of their execution is given as 25 October 285 or 286.

Manuel Fraga

3 Manuel Fraga Iribarne was a Spanish professor and politician during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, who was also one of the founders of the People's Party. Fraga was Minister of Information and Tourism between 1962 and 1969, Ambassador to the United Kingdom between 1973 and 1975, Minister of the Interior in 1975, Second Deputy Prime Minister between 1975 and 1976, President of the People's Alliance/People's Party between 1979 and 1990 and President of the Regional Government of Galicia between 1990 and 2005. He was also a Member of the Congress of Deputies and a Senator.

Hercules

3 Hercules is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena. In classical mythology, Hercules is famous for his strength and for his numerous far-ranging adventures.

Alessandro Volta

3 Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta was an Italian physicist and chemist who was a pioneer of electricity and power and is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane. He invented the voltaic pile in 1799, and reported the results of his experiments in 1800 in a two-part letter to the president of the Royal Society. With this invention Volta proved that electricity could be generated chemically and debunked the prevalent theory that electricity was generated solely by living beings. Volta's invention sparked a great amount of scientific excitement and led others to conduct similar experiments, which eventually led to the development of the field of electrochemistry.

Laín Calvo

3 Laín Calvo es una figura legendaria del Condado de Castilla, que los castellanos supuestamente eligieron como juez propio para resolver sus pleitos, evitando así acudir a la corte leonesa. Esta teórica independencia legislativa de Castilla fue en realidad un mito creado varios siglos después para legitimar el poderío de Castilla frente a León en un momento en el que, recién creada la Corona de Castilla y recién unificados los antiguos reinos de León y Castilla (1230), era necesario justificar la supremacía castellana con argumentos pseudohistóricos. En consecuencia, se trata de una figura controvertida dentro de los estudios historiográficos.

Juan Benlloch i Vivó

3 Juan Baptista Benlloch i Vivó was a Spanish cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who was Archbishop of Burgos from 1919, who was elevated to the cardinalate in 1921, and who, as Co-Prince of Andorra, composed the text for "El Gran Carlemany", that country's national anthem.

Segundo Ispizua

3 Segundo Ispizua Bajaneta bizkaitar historialaria izan zen.                                         

Tomás López

3 Tomás López de Vargas Machuca fue un geógrafo y cartógrafo español del período ilustrado que escribió entre otras los Principios Geográficos aplicados al uso de mapas en 1775, y la Cosmografía abreviada. Uso del globo celeste y terrestre, en 1784.

Resurrección María de Azkue

3 Resurrección María de Azkue was an influential Basque priest, musician, poet, writer, sailor and academic. He made several major contributions to the study of the Basque language and was the first head of the Euskaltzaindia, the Academy of the Basque Language. In spite of some justifiable criticism of an imbalance towards unusual and archaic forms and a tendency to ignore the Romance influence on Basque, he is considered one of the greatest scholars of Basque to date.

Augusto González Besada

3 Augusto González Besada was a Spanish lawyer and politician who served as President of the Congress of Deputies, Minister of Finance, Minister of the Interior and Minister of Development during the reign of King Alfonso XIII.

Infanta Isabel, Countess of Girgenti

3 Infanta Isabel of Spain was the oldest daughter of Queen Isabella II of Spain and her husband Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz. She was the heiress presumptive to the Spanish throne from 1851 to 1857 and from 1874 to 1880. She was given the title Princess of Asturias, which is reserved for the heir to the Spanish crown. In 1868, she married Prince Gaetan, Count of Girgenti, a son of King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies. Gaetan committed suicide three years later.

Junípero Serra

3 Saint Junípero Serra Ferrer, popularly known simply as Junipero Serra, was a Spanish Catholic priest and missionary of the Franciscan Order. He is credited with establishing the Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. He founded a mission in Baja California and established eight of the 21 Spanish missions in California from San Diego to San Francisco, in what was then Spanish-occupied Alta California in the Province of Las Californias, New Spain.

Pedro Vives Vich

3 Pedro Vives Vich. Ingeniero militar. Principal pionero de la aerostación y la aviación, militar y civil, española. Primer español que voló en avión (1909). Fundador y primer Jefe de la Fuerza Aérea Española. Ministro de Fomento u Obras Públicas. Catalán ejerciente, alimentado culturalmente desde las fuentes de la Renaixença y la tradición industrial textil catalana, y a la vez integrador y conciliador de las diferentes nacionalidades de España y leal servidor del interés general del estado; liberal, regeneracionista práctico, culto enciclopédico y, ante todo, dejó en el primer tercio del siglo XX una ingente y polifacética obra técnica para el inicio de la aviación española y para la modernización de las obras públicas del Estado.

Urraca of Zamora

3 Urraca of Zamora was a Leonese infanta, one of the five children of Ferdinand I the Great, who received the city of Zamora as her inheritance and exercised palatine authority in it. Her story was romanticized in the cantar de gesta called the Cantar de Mio Cid, and Robert Southey's Chronicle of the Cid. Urraca's mother was Sancha of León.

Peter of Alcántara

3 Peter of Alcántara, OFM was a Spanish Franciscan friar who was canonized in 1669.                   

Manuel Pacheco (poeta)

3 Manuel Pacheco Conejo, más conocido solo como Pacheco, fue un poeta, prosista y dramaturgo español de formación estrictamente autodidacta, adscribible tanto cronológica como estilísticamente a la denominada generación del 50. Junto con Jesús Delgado Valhondo y Luis Álvarez Lencero, formó parte del reducido grupo de escritores extremeños cuyo objetivo primordial fue la incorporación de la poesía regional de mediados del siglo XX, representada casi en exclusiva por Gabriel y Galán y Luis Chamizo, a las vanguardias literarias del momento.

José María Salaverría

3 José María Salaverría e Ipenza (1873–1940) was a Spanish journalist and writer.                     

Duke of la Victoria (title)

3 Duke of la Victoria is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee and granted in 1839 by Isabella II to Baldomero Espartero, who was Prime Minister of Spain, in remembrance of his military victories that led to the embrace of Vergara. He was also made Prince of Vergara by Amadeo I to recognise this peace treaty.

Claudius of Besançon

3 Saint Claudius of Besançon, sometimes called Claude the Thaumaturge, was a priest, monk, abbot, and bishop. A native of Franche-Comté, Claudius became a priest at Besançon and later a monk. Georges Goyau in the Catholic Encyclopedia wrote that “The Life of St. Claudius, Abbot of Condat, has been the subject of much controversy.” Anglican Henry Wace has written that "on this saint the inventors of legends have compiled a vast farrago of improbabilities."

Bartolomé de las Casas

3 Bartolomé de las Casas, OP was a Spanish clergyman, writer, and activist best known for his work as a historian and social reformer. He arrived in Hispaniola as a layman, then became a Dominican friar. He was appointed as the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians". His extensive writings, the most famous being A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies and Historia de Las Indias, chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies. He described the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the indigenous peoples.

Ataúlfo Argenta

3 Ataúlfo Exuperio Martín de Argenta Maza was a Spanish conductor and pianist.                       

Fernando de Rojas

3 Fernando de Rojas was a Spanish author and dramatist, known for his only surviving work, La Celestina, first published in 1499. It is variously considered "the last work of the Spanish Middle Ages or the first work of the Spanish Renaissance".

Pedro Segura y Sáenz

3 Pedro Segura y Sáenz was a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Toledo from 1927 to 1931, and Archbishop of Seville from 1937 until 1954. Segura was elevated to the cardinalate in 1927.

Sansón Carrasco

3 El bachiller Sansón Carrasco es un personaje de la novela Don Quijote de la Mancha de Miguel de Cervantes. Hace su aparición en la segunda parte del libro, en donde resulta fundamental en el desarrollo de los acontecimientos.

Domènec Martí i Julià

3 Domènec Martí i Julià fou un psiquiatre i polític català.                                           

Eduardo Marquina

3 Eduardo Marquina Angulo was a Spanish playwright and poet associated with the Catalan Modernist school. His En Flandes se ha puesto el Sol was awarded the Royal Spanish Academy's award for historical drama. He also wrote lyrics for the Spanish anthem Marcha Real, used during the reign of Alfonso XII.

Francisco Aguirre de la Hoz

3 Francisco Aguirre de la Hoz is a Spanish lawyer and former politician.                             

Avelino González Mallada

3 Avelino González Mallada was an Asturian anarchist.                                                 

Alphonsus Rodriguez

3 Alphonsus Rodríguez, SJ was a Spanish Jesuit religious brother who is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.

Manuel Machado (poet)

3 Manuel Machado y Ruiz was a Spanish poet and a prominent member of the Generation of 98.           

Saint Ursula

3 Ursula was a Romano-British virgin and martyr possibly of royal origin. She is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion. Her feast day in the pre-1970 General Roman Calendar and in some regional calendars of the ordinary form of the Roman Rite is 21 October.

Peter of Verona

3 Peter of Verona, also known as Saint Peter Martyr and Saint Peter of Verona, was a 13th-century Italian Catholic priest. He was a Dominican friar and a celebrated preacher. He served as Inquisitor in Lombardy, was killed by an assassin, and was canonized as a Catholic saint 11 months after his death, making this the fastest canonization in history.

Blanche I of Navarre

3 Blanche I was Queen of Navarre from the death of her father, King Charles III, in 1425 until her own death. She had been Queen of Sicily from 1402 to 1409 by marriage to King Martin I, serving as regent of Sicily from 1404 to 1405 and from 1408 to 1415.

Manuel Bretón de los Herreros

3 Manuel Bretón de los Herreros was a Spanish dramatist.                                             

Louis Pasteur

3 Louis Pasteur was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the last of which was named after him. His research in chemistry led to remarkable breakthroughs in the understanding of the causes and preventions of diseases, which laid down the foundations of hygiene, public health and much of modern medicine. Pasteur's works are credited with saving millions of lives through the developments of vaccines for rabies and anthrax. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern bacteriology and has been honored as the "father of bacteriology" and the "father of microbiology".

Maria Micaela Desmaisieres

3 Micaela Desmaisières López de Dicastillo - in religion María Micaela of the Blessed Sacrament - was a Spanish Roman Catholic professed religious and the founder of the Handmaids of the Blessed Sacrament. Desmaisières grew up around several European monarchs since her brother - whom she travelled with - was an ambassador to such courts though she later decided to take care of girls and women of a poorer socio-economic background which extended to the care of the ill.

Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor y Zaragoza

3 Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor y Zaragoza was a Galician (Spanish) painter.                         

Pili and Mili

3 Pili and Mili was a comic acting duo composed of twins Aurora and Pilar Bayona. They rose to fame in early 1960s, becoming one of the biggest stars of the "child prodigy" movie genre that enjoyed a boom at the time. Their movies were musical comedies based on the same formula of mistaken identities.

Francisco de Vitoria

3 Francisco de Vitoria was a Spanish Roman Catholic philosopher, theologian, and jurist of Renaissance Spain. He is the founder of the tradition in philosophy known as the School of Salamanca, noted especially for his concept of just war and international law. He has in the past been described by scholars as the "father of international law", along with Alberico Gentili and Hugo Grotius, though some contemporary academics have suggested that such a description is anachronistic, since the concept of postmodern international law did not truly develop until much later. American jurist Arthur Nussbaum noted Vitoria's influence on international law as it pertained to the right to trade overseas. Later this was interpreted as "freedom of commerce".

Francisco and Jacinta Marto

3 Francisco de Jesus Marto and Jacinta de Jesus Marto were siblings from Aljustrel, a small hamlet near Fátima, Portugal, who, with their cousin Lúcia dos Santos (1907–2005), reportedly witnessed three apparitions of the Angel of Peace in 1916, and several apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary at Cova da Iria in 1917. The title Our Lady of Fátima was given to the Virgin Mary as a result, and the Sanctuary of Fátima became a major centre of world Christian pilgrimage.

Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, 10th Count of Aranda

3 Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea y Jiménez de Urrea, 10th Count of Aranda, was a Spanish statesman and diplomat.

Joaquina Vedruna de Mas

3 Joaquina Vedruna de Mas - born Joaquima de Vedruna Vidal de Mas, religious name Joaquina of Saint Francis of Assisi - was a Spanish religious sister and the founder of the Carmelite Sisters of Charity. Her canonisation was celebrated on 12 April 1959.

Francisco Tárrega

3 Francisco de Asís Tárrega Eixea was a Spanish composer and classical guitarist of the late Romantic period. He is known for such pieces as Capricho Árabe and Recuerdos de la Alhambra.

Nuño Rasura

3 Nuño Rasura was one of two legendary judges of Castile, the other being his son-in-law Laín Calvo. According to the Mocedades de Rodrigo, Nuño gained the nickname "Rasura" because "he took from Castile equal measures of wheat" to offer as a gift to Church of Saint James. English medievalist Richard A. Fletcher writes that "the legend of the judges has more to tell us of the Castilians' self-image at a later date than of the realities of the ninth century: they liked to think of themselves as sturdy, independent, resourceful, democratic."

Luis Iruarrizaga

3 Luis Iruarrizaga Agirre bizkaitar musikagilea izan zen, Juanen anaia.                               

Berengaria of Castile

3 Berengaria, nicknamed the Great, was Queen of Castile for a brief time in 1217, and Queen of León from 1197 to 1204 as the second wife of King Alfonso IX. As the eldest child and heiress presumptive of Alfonso VIII of Castile, she was a sought after bride, and was engaged to Conrad, the son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. After Conrad's death, she married her cousin Alfonso IX of León to secure the peace between him and her father. She had five children with him before their marriage was voided by Pope Innocent III.

Pedro Antonio de Alarcón

3 Pedro Antonio de Alarcón y Ariza was a nineteenth-century Spanish novelist, known best for his novel El sombrero de tres picos (1874), an adaptation of popular traditions which provides a description of village life in Alarcón's native region of Andalusia. It was the basis for Hugo Wolf's opera Der Corregidor (1897); for Riccardo Zandonai's opera La farsa amorosa (1933); and Manuel de Falla's ballet The Three-Cornered Hat (1919).

Josep Torras i Bages

3 Josep Torras i Bages, born at Les Cabanyes, Alt Penedès, on 12 September 1846, died at Vic, Osona, on 7 February 1916, was a Catalan thinker, writer, and bishop. He was one of the main figures in the turn of the 20th century Catholic Catalan nationalism.

Ramón Turró

3 Ramón Turró Darder fue un veterinario, biólogo y filósofo español.                                 

Gemma Galgani

3 Gemma Umberta Maria Galgani, also known as Gemma of Lucca, was an Italian mystic, venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church since 1940. She has been called the "daughter of the Passion" because of her profound imitation of the Passion of Christ. She is especially venerated in the Congregation of the Passion of Jesus (Passionists).

Alonso Cano

3 Alonso Cano Almansa or Alonzo Cano was a Spanish painter, architect, and sculptor born in Granada. 

Antigone

3 In Greek mythology, Antigone is a Theban princess, and a character in several ancient Greek tragedies. She is the daughter of Oedipus, king of Thebes. Her mother is Jocasta. In another variation of the myth, her mother is Euryganeia. She is a sister of Polynices, Eteocles, and Ismene. The meaning of the name is, as in the case of the masculine equivalent Antigonus, "in place of one's parents" or "worthy of one's parents". Antigone appears in the three 5th century BC tragic plays written by Sophocles, known collectively as the three Theban plays. She is the protagonist of the tragedy Antigone. She makes a brief appearance at the end of Aeschylus' Seven against Thebes, while her story was also the subject of Euripides' now lost play with the same name.

Marquess of Urquijo

3 Marquess of Urquijo is a noble title in the peerage of Spain accompanied by the dignity of Grandee of Spain, bestowed on Estanislao de Urquijo y Landaluce by King Amadeo I on 13 May 1871.

Eduard Toldrà

3 Eduard Toldrà Soler was a Spanish Catalan composer and conductor.                                   

Lázaro Cárdenas

3 Lázaro Cárdenas del Río was a Mexican army officer and politician who served as president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940. Previously, he served as a general in the Constitutional Army during the Mexican Revolution and as Governor of Michoacán and President of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He later served as the Secretary of National Defence. During his presidency, which is considered the end of the Maximato, he implemented massive land reform programs, led the expropriation of the country's oil industry, and implemented many left-leaning reforms.

Joaquín García Morato

3 Joaquín García-Morato y Castaño, 1st Count of Jarama was the most successful Nationalist fighter pilot of the Spanish Civil War. He is credited with 40 aerial victories, four gained while flying Heinkel He 51s and 36 with an Italian Fiat CR.32.

Torquatus of Acci

3 Saint Torquatus is venerated as the patron saint of Guadix, Spain. Tradition makes him a Christian missionary of the 1st century, during the Apostolic Age. He evangelized the town of Acci, identified as Guadix, and became its first bishop.

Pilar Bayona Sarriá

3 Pilar Bayona Sarriá es una actriz española, más conocida como Pilar Bayona.                         

Pablo Gargallo

3 Pablo Emilio or Pau Emili Gargallo, known simply as Pau or Pablo Gargallo, was a Spanish sculptor and painter.

Jesús Delgado Valhondo

3 Jesús Delgado Valhondo was a Spanish poet.                                                         

Francisco Antonio Elorza y Aguirre

3 Francisco Antonio de Elorza y Aguirre fue un militar español del cuerpo de artillería. Es conocido por dirigir la Fábrica de Armas de Trubia desde 1845 hasta 1867 y por su papel en el desarrollo de la industria siderúrgica asturiana.

Alfonso the Battler

3 Alfonso I, called the Battler or the Warrior, was King of Aragon and Navarre from 1104 until his death in 1134. He was the second son of King Sancho Ramírez and successor of his brother Peter I. With his marriage to Urraca, queen regnant of Castile, León and Galicia, in 1109, he began to use, with some justification, the grandiose title Emperor of Spain, formerly employed by his father-in-law, Alfonso VI. Alfonso the Battler earned his sobriquet in the Reconquista. He won his greatest military successes in the middle Ebro, where he conquered Zaragoza in 1118 and took Ejea, Tudela, Calatayud, Borja, Tarazona, Daroca, and Monreal del Campo. He died in September 1134 after an unsuccessful battle with the Muslims at the Battle of Fraga.

Johann Sebastian Bach

3 Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his prolific authorship of music across a variety of instruments and forms, including; orchestral music such as the Brandenburg Concertos; solo instrumental works such as the cello suites and sonatas and partitas for solo violin; keyboard works such as the Goldberg Variations and The Well-Tempered Clavier; organ works such as the Schubler Chorales and the Toccata and Fugue in D minor; and choral works such as the St Matthew Passion and the Mass in B minor. Since the 19th-century Bach Revival, he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music.

Mariano de Cavia

3 Mariano Francisco de Cavia y Lac fue un periodista español especializado en la crítica taurina.     

Wenceslao Fernández Flórez

3 Wenceslao Fernández Flórez was a popular Galician journalist and novelist of the early 20th century. Throughout his career, he retained an intense fondness for the land of his birth.

Enrique Jardiel Poncela

3 Enrique Jardiel Poncela was a Spanish playwright and novelist who wrote mostly humorous works.     

Lucas Mallada

3 Lucas Mallada y Pueyo fue un ingeniero de minas, geólogo y escritor español. Se le considera el fundador de la paleontología española.

José Martí

3 José Julián Martí Pérez was a Cuban nationalist, poet, philosopher, essayist, journalist, translator, professor, and publisher, who is considered a Cuban national hero because of his role in the liberation of his country from Spain. He was also an important figure in Latin American literature. He was very politically active and is considered an important philosopher and political theorist. Through his writings and political activity, he became a symbol of Cuba's bid for independence from the Spanish Empire in the 19th century, and is referred to as the "Apostle of Cuban Independence". From adolescence on, he dedicated his life to the promotion of liberty, political independence for Cuba, and intellectual independence for all Spanish Americans; his death was used as a cry for Cuban independence from Spain by both the Cuban revolutionaries and those Cubans previously reluctant to start a revolt.

Segismundo Moret

3 Segismundo Moret y Prendergast was a Spanish politician and writer. He was the prime minister of Spain on three occasions and the president of the Congress of Deputies on two occasions.

Pedro Muñoz Seca

3 Pedro Muñoz Seca was a Spanish comic playwright. He was one of the most successful playwrights of his era. He wrote approximately 300 dramatic works, both sainetes and longer plays, often in collaboration with Pedro Pérez Fernández or Enrique García Álvarez. His most ambitious and best known play is La venganza de Don Mendo ; other major works include La barba de Carrillo and Pepe Conde (1920).

Nunilo and Alodia

3 Saints Nunilo and Alodia were a pair of child martyrs from Huesca. Born of a mixed marriage, they supposedly eschewed the Islam of their father in favour of their mother's Christianity. Legend stated that they were executed by the Muslim authorities of Huesca in accordance with sharia law as apostates. Their feast day is 22 October.

Vincent of Saragossa

3 Vincent of Saragossa, the Protomartyr of Spain, was a deacon of the Church of Saragossa. He is the patron saint of Lisbon and Valencia. His feast day is 22 January in the Catholic Church and Anglican Communion and the Orthodox Church, with an additional commemoration on 11 November in the Orthodox Church. He was born at Huesca and martyred under the Emperor Diocletian around the year 304.

Ángel Sanz Briz

3 Ángel Sanz-Briz was a Spanish diplomat and humanitarian. Sanz - Briz is credited with saving more than 5,200 Jews in German-occupied Hungary from the Holocaust in the later stages of World War II.

Mario Vargas Llosa

3 Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquess of Vargas Llosa, more commonly known as Mario Vargas Llosa, is a Peruvian novelist, journalist, essayist and former politician. Vargas Llosa is one of Latin America's most significant novelists and essayists and one of the leading writers of his generation. Some critics consider him to have had a larger international impact and worldwide audience than any other writer of the Latin American Boom. In 2010, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat." He also won the 1967 Rómulo Gallegos Prize, the 1986 Prince of Asturias Award, the 1994 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1995 Jerusalem Prize, the 2012 Carlos Fuentes International Prize, and the 2018 Pablo Neruda Order of Artistic and Cultural Merit. In 2021, he was elected to the Académie française.

Virgen Blanca

3 The Virgen Blanca is the patron saint of the Spanish city Vitoria-Gasteiz. Its festivity is celebrated on 5 August, commonly known as Andre Maria Zuriaren jaiak or las fiestas de la Blanca.

Margarita Xirgu

3 Margarita Xirgu Subirá, also Margarida Xirgu, was a Spanish stage actress, who was greatly popular throughout her country and Latin America. A friend of the poet Federico García Lorca, she was forced into exile during Francisco Franco's dictatorship of Spain, but continued her work in America. Notable plays in which she appeared include Como tú me Deseas, La casa de Bernarda Alba, and Mariana Pineda.

Gabriel

3 In the Abrahamic religions, Gabriel is an archangel with the power to announce God's will to mankind. He is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament, the Quran and the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. Many Christian traditions – including Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Anglicanism – revere Gabriel as a saint.

Miquel Martí i Pol

3 Miquel Martí i Pol was one of the most popular and widely-read Catalan poets of the twentieth century, publishing more than 1,500 poems.

Victor Hugo

3 Victor-Marie Hugo, vicomte Hugo, sometimes nicknamed the Ocean Man, was a French Romantic writer and politician. During a literary career that spanned more than sixty years, he wrote in a variety of genres and forms.

Saints Cosmas and Damian

3 Cosmas and Damian were two Arab physicians and early Christian martyrs. They practised their profession in the seaport of Aegeae, then in the Roman province of Cilicia.

Eugénie de Montijo

3 Doña María Eugenia Ignacia Agustina de Palafox y Kirkpatrick, 19th Countess of Teba, 16th Marquise of Ardales, known as Eugénie de Montijo, was Empress of the French from her marriage to Napoleon III on 30 January 1853 until the Emperor was overthrown on 4 September 1870. From 28 July to 4 September 1870, she was the de facto head of state of France.

Claudio Coello

3 Claudio Coello was a Spanish Baroque painter. Coello is considered the last great Spanish painter of the 17th century.

Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla

3 Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla was a Spanish politician. He served as Prime Minister of Spain for a little over ten weeks, in the summer of 1871, and again for eight months, between June 1872 and February 1873.

Che Guevara

3 Ernesto "Che" Guevara was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia in popular culture.

María Blanchard

3 María Gutiérrez-Cueto y Blanchard was a Spanish painter. She was known for developing a unique style of Cubism.

Emeterius and Celedonius

3 Saints Emeterius and Celedonius are venerated as saints by the Catholic Church. Two Roman legionaries, they were martyred for their faith around 300. They are patron saints of Calahorra, which is traditionally regarded as the place of their death.

Luis Antonio Belluga y Moncada

3 Luis Antonio Belluga y Moncada was a prominent Spanish churchman and statesman during the 18th century.

Juan de Mariana

3 Juan de Mariana,, also known as Father Mariana, was a Spanish Jesuit priest, Scholastic, historian, and member of the Monarchomachs.

Ramón Areces

3 Ramón Areces Rodríguez was a Spanish businessman.                                                   

Julio Ruiz de Alda

3 Julio Ruiz de Alda Miqueleiz was a Spanish aviator and founder of the Falange.                     

Justa and Rufina

3 Saints Justa and Rufina (Ruffina) (Spanish: Santa Justa y Santa Rufina) are venerated as martyrs. They are said to have been martyred at Hispalis (Seville) during the 3rd century.

Hermanos Felgueroso

3 Los Hermanos Felgueroso fueron un grupo de empresarios carboneros asturianos naturales de Langreo, que fundaron en 1893 la empresa Sociedad Felgueroso Hermanos.

Raymond of Penyafort

3 Raymond of Penyafort was a Catalan Dominican friar in the 13th century, who compiled the Decretals of Gregory IX, a collection of canonical laws that remained a major part of Church law until the 1917 Code of Canon Law abrogated it. He is honored as a saint in the Catholic Church and is the patron saint of canon lawyers.

Oriol Martorell i Codina

3 Oriol Martorell i Codina was a musical director, pedagogue and professor of history. He was the son of Artur Martorell i Bisbal, also a renowned pedagogue. While studying music he gained a doctorate in History.

Maria Luisa of Spain

3 Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the spouse of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.

Diego Salas Pombo

3 Diego Salas Pombo fue un político español, de ideología falangista, que ocupó puestos relevantes durante el franquismo, siendo gobernador civil de varias provincias y Vicesecretario general de FET y de las JONS. También procurador en las Cortes franquistas y miembro del Consejo Nacional de FET y de las JONS.

Jesús Cancio

3 Salvador Jesús Cancio Corona, conocido como Jesús Cancio, fue un poeta y escritor cántabro. Es conocido popularmente como el Poeta del Mar, debido a su interés por los tipos y ambientes marineros, reflejado a lo largo de su obra poética.

Emmelia of Caesarea

3 Emmelia of Caesarea was born in the late third to early fourth century, a period in time when Christianity was becoming more widespread, posing a challenge to the Roman government and its pagan rule. She was the wife of Basil the Elder and bore nine or ten children, including Basil of Caesarea, Macrina the Younger, Peter of Sebaste, Gregory of Nyssa, and Naucratius.

Leander of Seville

3 Leander of Seville was a Hispano-Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Seville. He was instrumental in effecting the conversion of the Visigothic kings Hermenegild and Reccared to Chalcedonian Christianity. His brother was the encyclopedist Isidore of Seville.

Francisco Javier Sauquillo

3 Francisco Javier Sauquillo Pérez del Arco fue un abogado laboralista español, miembro del PCE y de CCOO, asesinado en el bufete laboralista donde trabajaba en la calle Atocha 55, en la llamada Matanza de Atocha.

Martin de Porres

3 Martín de Porres Velázquez was a Peruvian lay brother of the Dominican Order who was beatified in 1837 by Pope Gregory XVI and canonized in 1962 by Pope John XXIII. He is the patron saint of mixed-race people, barbers, innkeepers, public health workers, all those seeking racial harmony, and animals.

Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria

3 Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria, was an Austrian archduke of the House of Habsburg who became known as a champion for Majorca's wildlife, in an era when the term "conservation" was not highly regarded. The Balearic Islands commemorated the centenary of the death of Archduke Ludwig Salvator during 2015.

Philip IV of Spain

3 Philip IV, also called the Planet King, was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule over Spain during the Thirty Years' War.

Federico Moreno Torroba

3 Federico Moreno Torroba was a Spanish composer, conductor, and theatrical impresario. He is especially remembered for his important contributions to the classical guitar repertoire, becoming one of the leading twentieth-century composers for the instrument. He was also one of the foremost composers of zarzuelas, a form of Spanish light opera. His 1932 zarzuela Luisa Fernanda has proved to be enduringly popular. In addition, he composed ballets, symphonic works, and piano pieces, as well as one-act operas and one full-length opera, El poeta, which premiered in 1980, starring well-known tenor Plácido Domingo. Moreno Torroba also ran his own zarzuela company, which toured extensively, especially in Latin America.

Rafaela Ybarra de Vilallonga

3 Rafaela Ybarra Arambarri de Vilallonga is a Spanish Roman Catholic widow and the founder of the Sisters of the Holy Guardian Angels. Vilallonga was part of Bilbao's upper-class and she mothered seven children with her husband José Vilallonga.

L. L. Zamenhof

3 L. L. Zamenhof was the creator of Esperanto, the most widely used constructed international auxiliary language.

Anne Frank

3 Annelies Marie Frank was a German-born Jewish girl who kept a diary in which she documented life in hiding under Nazi persecution during the German occupation of the Netherlands. She is a celebrated diarist who described everyday life from her family hiding place in an Amsterdam attic. One of the most-discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust, she gained fame posthumously with the 1947 publication of The Diary of a Young Girl, in which she documents her life in hiding from 1942 to 1944 — it is one of the world's best-known books and has been the basis for several plays and films.

Dominic Savio

3 Dominic Savio was an Italian student of John Bosco. He was studying to be a priest when he became ill and died at the age of 14, possibly from pleurisy. He was noted for his piety and devotion to the Catholic faith, and was canonized a saint by Pope Pius XII in 1954.

Antoni Maria Alcover i Sureda

3 Father Antoni Maria Alcover i Sureda, also known as Mossèn Alcover was a modernist Majorcan writer, who wrote on a wide range of subjects including the Catholic Church, folklore and linguistics. He is chiefly associated with efforts to revive interest in the Catalan language and its dialects. Among his works was a Catalan-Valencian-Balearic dictionary.

Condado de Vallellano

3 El condado de Vallellano es un título nobiliario español, creado el 26 de mayo de 1774 por el rey Carlos III de España a favor de José Antonio Arredondo y Ambulodi.

Daniel Vázquez Díaz

3 Daniel Vázquez Díaz was a Spanish painter.                                                         

Saint Susanna

3 Susanna of Rome was a Christian martyr of the Diocletianic Persecution. Her existing hagiography, written between about 450 and 500 AD, is of no historical value and the relations it attributes to Susanna are entirely fictitious. It is probable that a real martyr named Susanna lies behind the literary invention.

Ildefonso Sánchez del Río

3 Ildefonso Sánchez del Río y Pisón. Fue un reputado especialista en la construcción de cubiertas y grandes luces de hormigón armado. Obtuvo reconocimiento internacional por su innovador sistema de construcción de estructuras laminares onduladas, conocidas como estructuras dovelas-onda, con ellas construyó su gran obra, el Palacio de los Deportes de Oviedo (1961-1975). Fundador de la empresa Dragados y Construcciones y de la fábrica Río-Cerámica. Fue Director General de Carreteras en el periodo entre 1945 a 1951.

Francisco Largo Caballero

3 Francisco Largo Caballero was a Spanish politician and trade unionist, who served as the Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War. He was one of the historic leaders of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and of the Workers' General Union (UGT). Although he entered into politics as a moderate leftist, he took a more radical turn after the 1933 general election in which the conservative CEDA party won the majority and began to advocate for a socialist revolution.

Antonio Maria Labaien

3 Antonio Maria Labaien Toledo euskal idazlea eta politikaria izan zen. Euskarazko lehen antzerkilaria izan zelako da gehienbat ezagutua. Espainiako Bigarren Errepublikaren garaian Tolosako alkate izan zen.

Pope Sylvester I

3 Pope Sylvester I was the bishop of Rome from 31 January 314 until his death on 31 December 335. He filled the See of Rome at an important era in the history of the Western Church, though very little is known of his life.

Ramón J. Sender

3 Ramón José Sender Garcés was a Spanish novelist, essayist and journalist. Several of his works were translated into English by the distinguished zoologist, Sir Peter Chalmers Mitchell, including Seven Red Sundays , Mr Witt Among the Rebels and The War in Spain (Contraataque). He published articles in the Valencia-based Orto magazine between 1932 and 1934. During the Spanish Civil War Sender was among the contributors of El Mono Azul, a Republican literary magazine.

Alfredo Brañas

3 Alfredo Brañas Menéndez fue un escritor y jurista español, ideólogo del regionalismo gallego.       

Baron of Santa Pau

3 Baron of Santa Pau is a hereditary title in the Spanish nobility created in Catalonia on an unknown date, though believed to have been made before 1070, as at that time, in Girona, there are records of a knight named Almérico I de Santa Pau as the lord of this barony, being the first person recorded as such. After that, the title is lost, until it is once again mentioned in 1360, without mention of who the baron was.

Nicasio Pérez López

3 Nicasio Pérez López, nado na Coruña en 1832 e finado en Ferrol o 31 de outubro de 1914, foi un empresario e político galego.

Carlos Cano

3 Carlos Cano de la Fuente was a Peruvian actor.                                                     

Ricardo de la Vega

3 Ricardo de la Vega fue un dramaturgo español, hijo del también escritor Ventura de la Vega, y uno de los creadores del género chico musical.

Alonso Zamora Vicente

3 Alonso Zamora Vicente fue un filólogo, dialectólogo, lexicógrafo y escritor español.               

Juan García de Salazar

3 Juan García de Salazar was a Spanish baroque composer best remembered for his choral works in the stile antico, though a few Spanish works in a more modern style have also survived.

Avicenna

3 Ibn Sina, commonly known in the West as Avicenna, was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers. He is often described as the father of early modern medicine. His philosophy was of the Muslim Peripatetic school derived from Aristotelianism.

Isadora Duncan

3 Angela Isadora Duncan was an American-born dancer and choreographer, who was a pioneer of modern contemporary dance and performed to great acclaim throughout Europe and the US. Born and raised in California, she lived and danced in Western Europe, the US and Soviet Russia from the age of 22. She died when her scarf became entangled in the wheel and axle of the car in which she was travelling in Nice, France.

Imperio Argentina

3 María Magdalena Nile del Río was an Argentine professional singer and movie actress, better known as Imperio Argentina; she became a citizen of Spain in 1999.

Hernando de Soto

3 Hernando de Soto was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who was involved in expeditions in Nicaragua and the Yucatan Peninsula. He played an important role in Francisco Pizarro's conquest of the Inca Empire in Peru, but is best known for leading the first European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States. He is the first European documented as having crossed the Mississippi River.

Pere Calders

3 Pere Calders i Rossinyol was a Catalan writer and cartoonist.                                       

Saint Christopher

3 Saint Christopher is venerated by several Christian denominations as a martyr killed in the reign of the 3rd-century Roman emperor Decius, or alternatively under the emperor Maximinus Daia. There appears to be confusion due to the similarity in names "Decius" and "Daia". Churches and monasteries were named after him by the 7th century.

Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (poet and diplomat)

3 Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, Spanish novelist, poet, diplomat and historian, born in Granada in late 1503 or early 1504.

Toribio Romo González

3 Toribio Romo González, known as Saint Toribio Romo was a Mexican Catholic priest and martyr who was killed during the anti-clerical persecutions of the Cristero War. Beatified and later canonized by Pope John Paul II along with 24 other saints and martyrs of the Cristero War, he is popularly venerated in Mexico and among Mexican immigrants, particularly for his reported miraculous appearances to migrants seeking to cross the Mexico–United States border.

Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona

3 Ramon Berenguer IV, sometimes called the Saint, was the count of Barcelona and the consort of Aragon who brought about the union of the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon to form the Crown of Aragon.

José Moreno Nieto

3 José Moreno Nieto fue un jurisconsulto, arabista y político español. Estudió en Guadalupe y Toledo, especializándose en las lenguas semíticas.

María Díaz I de Haro

3 María Díaz I de Haro "the Good" (1270–1342) was a Spanish noblewoman of the House of Haro. She was the daughter of Lope Díaz III de Haro who was assassinated by order of the king at Alfaro, La Rioja. She is best known for being the Lady of Biscay and for her lifelong battle against her uncle, Diego López V de Haro, for the title of the lordship of Biscay.

Leopoldo Lugones

3 Leopoldo Antonio Lugones Argüello was an Argentine poet, essayist, novelist, playwright, historian, professor, translator, biographer, philologist, theologian, diplomat, politician and journalist. His poetic writings are often considered to be the founding works of Spanish-language modern poetry. His short stories made him a crucial precursor and also a pioneer of both the fantastic and science fiction literature in Argentina.

Francisco Pintado Fe

3 Francisco Pintado Fe Ingeniero de Minas. Fundó y dirigió el Instituto Nacional del Carbón y sus Derivados, con sede en La Corredoria, Oviedo y la Escuela de Minas de Oviedo.

Frutos Saavedra Meneses

3 Frutos Saavedra Meneses was a Spanish soldier, geodesist and politician.                           

Peter Paul Rubens

3 Sir Peter Paul Rubens was a Flemish artist and diplomat. He is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque tradition. Rubens's highly charged compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history. His unique and immensely popular Baroque style emphasized movement, colour, and sensuality, which followed the immediate, dramatic artistic style promoted in the Counter-Reformation. Rubens was a painter producing altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects. He was also a prolific designer of cartoons for the Flemish tapestry workshops and of frontispieces for the publishers in Antwerp.

Pancras of Rome

3 Pancras was a Roman citizen who converted to Christianity and was beheaded for his faith at the age of fourteen, around the year 304. His name is Greek (Πανκράτιος) and means "the one that holds everything".

Andrea Doria

3 Andrea Doria, Prince of Melfi was a Genoese statesman, condottiero, and admiral, who played a key role in the Republic of Genoa during his lifetime.

Felipe Checa

3 Felipe Checa was a Spanish painter active in Badajoz during the nineteenth-century.                 

Elijah

3 Elijah was, according to the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible, a prophet and a miracle worker who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of King Ahab.

Miguel Biada

3 Miguel Biada y Buñol fue un marino mercante español principal promotor del Ferrocarril Barcelona-Mataró (1848), el primer ferrocarril de Cataluña y de toda la España europea –en Cuba se había inaugurado en 1837–, aunque desde 1949 hay quien lo considera el primer ferrocarril de la península ibérica.

Benito Vicetto Pérez

3 Benito Vicetto Pérez was a Galician journalist, historian, playwright and novelist.                 

Isidoro Macabich

3 Isidoro o Isidor Macabich y Llobet, fue un sacerdote, historiador, archivero, folclorista y poeta español en castellano y catalán, Gran Cruz de la Orden Civil de Alfonso X el Sabio.

Felix of Nola

3 Felix of Nola was a Christian presbyter at Nola near Naples in Italy. He sold off his possessions to give to the poor, but was arrested and tortured for his Christian faith during the persecution of Roman Emperor Decius. He was believed to have died a martyr's death during the persecution of Decius or Valerian but is now listed in the General Roman Calendar as a confessor of the faith, who survived his tortures.

Estanislao Figueras

3 Estanislao Figueras y de Moragas was a Spanish politician who served as the first President of the First Spanish Republic from 12 February to 11 June 1873.

Valentí Almirall i Llozer

3 Valentí Almirall i Llozer was a Catalan politician, considered one of the fathers of modern Catalan nationalism, and more specifically, of the left-wing variety.

José Molíns

3 José Molíns Montes was a Spanish long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Canal de Isabel II

3 Canal de Isabel II (CYII) is the only company that manages the water supplies for Madrid, Spain. It is owned by the Autonomous Community of Madrid.

Josep Maria Batista i Roca

3 Josep Maria Batista i Roca fou un historiador, etnòleg i polític català. És considerat un dels fundadors de l'antropologia de base científica a Catalunya.

Josep Lluís Sert

3 Josep Lluís Sert i López was a Spanish architect and city planner established in the USA after 1939.

Màrius Torres

3 Màrius Torres was a Catalan poet, first published by fellow writer Joan Sales in Mexico. He was among the most influential poets in the first 30 years of post-Civil War Catalonia and is today considered one of the most important Catalan poets of the twentieth century.

Virgil

3 Publius Vergilius Maro, usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid. A number of minor poems, collected in the Appendix Vergiliana, were attributed to him in ancient times, but modern scholars consider his authorship of these poems to be dubious.

Seraphim of Sarov

3 Seraphim of Sarov, born Prókhor Isídorovich Moshnín (Mashnín) [Про́хор Иси́дорович Мошни́н (Машни́н)], is one of the most renowned Russian saints and is venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Anglican Communion. He is generally considered the greatest of the 18th-century startsy (elders). Seraphim extended the monastic teachings of contemplation, theoria and self-denial to the layperson. He taught that the purpose of the Christian life was to receive the Holy Spirit. Perhaps his most popular quotation amongst his devotees is "acquire a peaceful spirit, and thousands around you will be saved."

Bernat Metge

3 Bernat Metge (Catalan pronunciation: [bəɾˈnad ˈmedʒə]; was a Catalan writer and humanist, best known as the author of Lo Somni, which he wrote from prison, in which Metge discusses the immortality of the soul.

John F. Kennedy

3 John Fitzgerald Kennedy, often referred to as JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person elected president. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the United States Congress prior to his presidency.

Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia

3 Infante Jaime of Spain, Duke of Segovia , was the second son of Alfonso XIII, King of Spain and his wife Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg. He was born in the Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso in Province of Segovia, and was consequently granted the non-substantive title of "Duke of Segovia", courtesy he held along with "Duke of Anjou" as the holder of the Legitimist claim to the French throne. Jaime was a great-grandchild of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

Margaret the Virgin

3 Margaret, known as Margaret of Antioch in the West, and as Saint Marina the Great Martyr in the East, is celebrated as a saint on 20 July in Western Christianity, on 30th of July by the Eastern Orthodox Church, and on Epip 23 and Hathor 23 in the Coptic Orthodox Church.

Salvador Seguí

3 Salvador Seguí i Rubinat, known as El noi del sucre for his habit of eating the sugar cubes served him with his coffee, was a Catalan anarcho-syndicalist in the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions.

Vicente Risco

3 Vicente Martínez Risco Agüero was a Galician intellectual of the 20th century. He was a founder member of Xeración Nós, and among the most important figures in the history of Galician literature. He is well regarded for his writings on Galician nationalism, as well as a contributor to the Galician New Narrative. He is also the father of Spanish novelist and critic Antonio Risco.

Eugenio Hermoso

3 Eugenio Hermoso Martínez was a Spanish painter active in Badajoz. He was a professor of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, and a contemporary of Benito Arias Montano and Juan Bravo Murillo.

Fermin

3 Fermin was a legendary holy man and martyr, traditionally venerated as the co-patron saint of Navarre, Spain. His death may be associated with either the Decian persecution (250) or Diocletianic Persecution (303).

Abilio Calderón Rojo

3 Abilio Calderón Rojo fue un abogado y político español, ministro de Fomento y ministro de Trabajo, Comercio e Industria durante el reinado de Alfonso XIII.

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